[13] Adapted from the Examination Yüan, Tang Chêng Chien Chih T'u-piao, cited; various issues of The Chinese Year Book, Shanghai and Hong Kong; and [The China Information Committee] An Outline of the Organization of the Kuomintang and the Chinese Government, Chungking, 1940.
[14] For a description of this function in the T'ang dynasty, see des Rotours, Baron Robert, La Traite des Examens, Paris, 1932, passim; and see Fairbank, J. K., and Têng, S. Y., "Of the Types and Uses of Ch'ing Documents," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1 (January 1940), particularly p. 5 ff., for the Manchu empire.
[15] Wang Shih-chieh, Pi-chiao Hsien-fa, cited, p. 671.
[16] Not to be confused with the Office of Civil Affairs (Wên-kuan Ch'u), adjunct to the Council of State, described above.
[17] A brilliant and informative discussion of the practical work of the Executive Yüan is to be found in Tsiang Ting-fu, "Executive Yüan," The Chinese Year Book 1936-37, cited, p. 241-6.
[18] For these Ministries and Commissions, see the following [chapter]. These are not to be lumped with the Party-Ministries and Commissions which, if anything, are even more complex in structure, but whose titles follow the same scheme of terminology as that of the government.
[19] Chün-shih Wei-yüan-hui. The Chinese Year Book, v.d., cited, and most of the official publicity from Chungking translates this term as "National Military Council," which is far from the original, literally "military-affairs-committee." "National Military Council" is also easily confused with the Supreme National Defense Council. Hence the present translation is employed, following Tsang, O. B., A Supplement to a Complete Chinese-English Dictionary, Shanghai, 1937, and the original.
[20] See Ho Yao-tsu, "The National Military Council," in The Chinese Year Book, 1938-39, cited, p. 361-3; Carlson, Evans Fordyce, The Chinese Army: Its Organization and Military Efficiency, New York, 1940, p. 26 ff.; and frequent references in China At War and the News Release of the China Information Committee, both semiofficial, particularly the issue of the latter for July 15, 1939. A list of the highest military personnel and brief outline of the General Staff may be found in Woodhead, H. G. W., editor, The China Year Book 1939, Shanghai, n. d., p. 216-17, and p. 225.
[21] Descriptions of the subordinate organs of all these agencies but the Pensions Commission and the War-Area Commission will be found in Ho Yao-tsu, cited immediately above. The translations of the titles here given, however, are those of the author.
[22] As an instance, see Outline of the Organization of the Kuomintang ..., cited above, p. [54], n. 13.