[114] Chenopodium Quinoa.
[115] Yanacuna. Yana means “a servant”. Also “black”. Literally, Yanacuna seems to be merely the plural form of Yana. But the word was applied to Indians bound to service. Balboa says that six thousand Indians, accused of rebellion against Tupac Ynca Yupanqui, were assembled in the village of Yanayacu. They were pardoned, but they and their descendants were ordered henceforth to be employed solely in the service of the Yncas and of the temples. They were called Yanayacu-cuna, or men of Yanayacu, corrupted to Yanaconas. Hence, domestic servants were called Yanaconas by the Spanish settlers.—Balboa, p. 120.
In the time of the Viceroy Toledo (1570), the Yanaconas numbered about forty-six thousand souls. The Viceroy Marquis of Montes Claros, in 1601, described them as Indians domiciled in the houses or on the estates of Spaniards, like servants. Their masters found them in food and clothes, and gave them a patch of land, also paying their tribute for them. Lest the system should degenerate into slavery, the King of Spain declared that the Yanaconas were free, and desired that this should be made known to them.—Memorias de los Vireyes, i, p. 27.
[116] Huata, “a year”. A sun circle for astronomical observations was called Ynti-huatana. Huatana means “a halter”, from huatani, “I seize”. “The place where the sun is tied up or encircled.” Hence, huata means “a year”.
[117] Vilcas is between Cuzco and Ayacucho, on the left of the road, and near the left bank of the river Pampas. The buildings of the Yncas are described by our author in his First Part (chap. lxxxix, p. 312 of my Translation). The only modern traveller who has visited and described the ruins is M. Wiener. They are called Vilcas Huaman.—See Pérou et Bolivie, Récit. de Voyage par Charles Wiener, Paris, 1880, pp. 264-271.
[118] The principal place in the valley of the same name, in the sierra east of Lima. The valley of Xauxa was inhabited by the tribe of Huancas.
[119] On the heights above the river Pampas, on the road from Ayacucho to Cuzco.
[120] The city in the north of Peru, where Atahualpa was seized and put to death by Pizarro.
[121] North of Caxamarca.
[122] In the kingdom of Quito.