The Age of the Reformation

by Preserved Smith

F. Arnold: Die deutsche Reformation in ihren Beziehungen zu den
Kulturverhältnissen des Mittelalters. 1919.

D. H. Bauslin: The Lutheran Movement of the Sixteenth Century. 1919.

{819}

INDEX

Aalst, 264.
Aberdeen, University of, 12.
Abgarus, 585.
Abyssinia, 405.
Acontius, J., 627.
Acton, Lord, 357, 377, 642, 737, 741.
Adams, B., 726.
Adrian VI, Pope,
appeal to Germany, 84 f., 378.
and Luther, 241, 378.
and Inquisition, 242, 378, 415.
pontificate, 378 f., 389.
in Spain, 427.
and art, 690.
Aerschot, Duke of, 269.
Aeschylus, 574.
Aesop, 574.
Africa, 10, 437, 441, 443, 445 f., 473, 525, 533, 616.
Agriculture, 540 ff.
Agrippa of Nettesheim, H. C., 420, 508, 510, 638 f.
Aigle, 161.
Aix-in-Provence, 203.
Alamanni, L., 373.
Albertinus, A., 453.
Albertus Magnus, 612.
Albigenses, 35.
Albuquerque, A. d', 443.
Alcalá, University of, 12, 400, 565, 673.
Aleander, J., 78, 80, 191, 195, 241.
Alençon, 195.
Charles, Duke of, 189.
Aleppo, 446.
Alesius, A., 354.
Alexander VI, Pope, 17 f., 407, 418, 435, 709.
Algiers, 449.
Allenstein, 618.
Almeida, F. d', 442.
Altdorf, 670.
Alva, Duke of,
defeats German Protestants, 120.
besieges Metz, 200.
regent of the Netherlands, 254, 257 ff., 672.
and England, 332, 335, 339 f.
art of war, 488.
Amazon, 438.
America, 275, 407, 416, 430, 435 ff., 457, 512, 523, 616, 651.
gold and silver from, 473 ff.
Amboise, 197.
Tumult of, 210 f.
Amboyna, 524.
Ameaux, 175.
Ammonius, A., 649.
Amsterdam, 244, 257, 261 f., 275, 531.
Amyot, 576.
Anabaptists, 82.
in Germany, 99 ff.
and Melanchthon, 117.
and polygamy, 120.
in Sweden, 138.
in Poland, 142.
in Transylvania, 145.
in Switzerland, 154 ff.
in Netherlands, 237, 243 f., 248 f., 295.
in England, 295, 308, 315.
in Italy, 376, 417.
and Council of Trent, 392.
and Bible, 573.
communism, 606.
persecuted, 644 f.
for toleration, 646.
judged by Bax and Kautsky, 726.
Andalusia, 433 f.
Andelot, 205.
Andrea del Sarto, 680.
Anghierra, P. M. d', 702.
Anjou, Francis, Dnke of, 269 f., 272, 274, 602.
Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, 287, 290 f., 293,
295, 298 f., 548, 588, 676.
Anne of Cleves, Queen of England, 306 f.
Anne, Queen of France, 182 f.
Anthology, 574.
Antwerp, 237, 239 ff., 245, 256 f., 260, 265, 284,
355, 442, 454, 467, 472, 565.
trade, 523 ff., 531 f., 537.
charity, 559.
art, 683.
Appenzell, 146.
Aquaviva, 410.
Aquinas, T., 34, 43, 47, 163, 529, 590, 624.
Arabs, 442 f., 448.
Aragon, 428.
Arbuthnot, A., 355.
Archangel, 526.
Arcimboldi, 136.
Aretino, P., 694.
Argyle, Earl of, 360.
Ariosto, 11, 19, 374, 502, 508 ff., 628, 692.
Aristarchus, 617.
Aristophanes, 574.
Aristotle, 49, 52, 63 f., 66, 513, 574, 590, 609, 612, 617, 623.
reaction against, 636 f.
Armentières, 256.
Armstrongs, 505.
Arndt, 718.
Arras, League of, 271 ff.
Art, 3, 674, 91. [Transcriber's note: 691?]
Gothic, 7.
rewards of artists, 472.
history of, 582 f.
painting, 674 ff.
architecture, 685 ff.
Reformation and Counter-reformation, 689 ff.
Artois, 239.
Arzila, 446.
Ascham, R., 327, 497 f., 634 f., 667 f., 671, 692.
Ashley, 729.
Asia, 447 f., 474, 616.
Aske, R., 304.
Askewe, A., 309.
Atahualpa, 440.
Atlantic, 10, 442, 490, 523.
Aubigné, M. d', 723.
Aubigné, T. A. d', 600 f.
Augsburg, 74, 113, 128, 454.
Diet of (1518), 46, 67.
Diet of (1530), 110, 116 ff.
Diet of (1548), 129, 239.
Diet of (1555), 130.
Religious Peace of, 114, 130 ff., 255, 650.
Confession, 116 f., 122, 130, 145, 299, 392.
banks, 520 f., 527 f.
pauperism, 559 f.
Augustine, 34, 65, 584, 606.
Augustinian Friars, 67, 240, 702, 708.
Australia, 443.
Austria, 74 ff., 79, 146, 158, 238.
Rudolph IV, Duke of, 44.
Don John of, 266 ff., 272.
Matthew, Archduke of, 268 ff.
Auvergne, 202.
Avicenna, 513.
Avignon, popes at, 14, 42.
Azores, 435, 441.
Aztecs, 438 f.

Babington, A., 338.
Bacon, F., 392, 487, 591 f., 609, 623, 626, 650, 666, 669.
on effect of the Reformation, 635 f.
Baden, 157, 238.
Badius, J., 471.
Balboa, 438.
Baldwin, J., 635.
Bale, J., 578.
Balearic Isles, 535.
Baltic, 523, 526.
Bamberg, 114, 658.
Bandini, P. A., 377.
Baptista Mantuanus, 667.
Baptists, 102.
Barbarossa, 449.
Barbary, 535.
Barcelona, 428, 535.
University of, 12, 400.
Barnabites, 397.
Barnes, R., 308.
Baronius, C., 585.
Barton, E., 290.
Basil III, Czar, 447.
Basle
joins Swiss Confederacy, 146.
center of humanism, 147, 150.
Reformation, 156 f., 160, 162.
Council of, 15 f., 40, 45, 147 f., 389.
University of, 11, 149.
Baur, F. C., 720 f.
Bavaria, 44, 74, 114, 127, 406, 454.
Bax, B., 725 f.
Baxter, R., 656, 729.
Bayard, 501.
Beard, C., 739.
Beaton, D., 356 f., 382.
Beatus Rhenanus, 53.
Becket, T., 59, 305.
Beda, N., 161.
Beirut, 446.
Beham, B., 103, 628.
Beham, H. S., 103, 628.
Belgium, 76, 555.
Belgrade, 449.
Bellay, J. du, 576, 579.
Bellay, M. du, 582, 704.
Bellay, R. du, 196.
Bellinis, 677.
Below, G. von, 739.
Bembo, P., 51, 374, 376.
Benedict, St., 397.
Bengal, 524.
Ben Mosheh, G., 565.
Benn, A. W., 742.
Ber, L., 106.
Berger, A. E., 728.
Bernard, St., 34, 397.
Berne, 146 ff., 153, 157 f., 160 f., 168 f., 179, 645.
Berni, F., 376.
Berquin, L. de, 193.
Berthelier, P., 175.
Berwick, 358.
Berwickshire, 362.
Besançon, University of, 672.
Bessarion, 52.
Beucklessen, 101 f.
Beza, T., 172, 181, 213, 565, 585, 598, 647, 671.
Bezold, 732.
Bible
first printed, 9.
number of editions, 26.
Vulgate, 26, 188, 392, 396, 566.
French, 26, 175, 188, 196, 570.
German, 26, 81, 86, 100, 111 f., 157, 569 f.
English, 37 f., 243, 284, 289, 300, 329, 354 ff., 359, 566, 570 f.
Swedish, 138.
Polish, 142.
Greek, 147, 188, 374, 420, 564 ff.
Dutch, 243.
Spanish, 245.
new Latin translations, 374, 565 f.
Italian, 374.
Hebrew, 565.
Complutensian Polyglot, 565 f.
authority of, 35, 37 f., 40, 165 f., 392, 571 ff.
exegesis and criticism of, 566 ff.
by Valla, 49, 566 f.
by Lefèvre, 52 f.
by Colet, 53.
by Reuchlin, 54.
by Erasmus, 60, 564 ff.
by Luther, 568 f.
new translations condemned, 192, 203, 284, 309, 420 ff.
price of, 468.
popularity, 571 f.
effect of bibliolatry, 573, 655 f.
illustrated by Raphael, 679.
Biblia Pauperum, 8, 26.
Biel, G., 160, 743.
Bijns, A., 246.
Bion, 574.
Blaurer, A., 179.
Blaurer, T., 134.
Blaurock, G., 645.
Blois, 197, 210.
States General, 222.
Blue Laws, 171 ff., 482 ff.
Boccaccio, 47 f., 422.
Bodin, J., 222, 582, 601 f., 608, 623.
on religion, 630.
on witchcraft, 657, 659 f.
Boece, H., 354.
Bohemia, 38 ff., 74, 144, 290.
Bohemian Brethren, 40 f., 142, 144.
Böhm, H., 87.
Böhmer, 739.
Boiardo, 376.
Bologna, 393.
University of, 11, 603, 613, 618, 627.
Concordat of, 42 f., 184, 230.
Bolsec, J., 167, 176, 375.
Bombasius, 564.
Boniface VIII, Pope, 14, 23, 41 f.
Bonivard, 168.
Bonn, 657.
Bonner, 604.
Books
numbers of, 9, 691 f.
prices of, 468.
royalties, 471 f.
literature, 691-8.
Borgeaud, C., 743.
Borgia family, 15, 676.
Caesar, 17, 590, 676.
Lucretia, 17, 676.
Borgia, F., 410.
Borneo, 524.
Borromeo, C., 386, 417.
Borthwick, D., 355 note.
Bossuet, 702 f.
Botero, J., 608.
Bothwell, Earl of, 366 ff.
Boucher, J., 190, 600, 605.
Bourbon, Anthony of, 205, 210, 213.
Bourbon, Charles, Constable of, 185, 205, 380.
Bourbon, Charles, Cardinal of, 223.
Bourgeoisie, 5, 236, 278, 549 ff.
Bourges, 195.
University of, 11, 162.
Pragmatic Sanction of, 42 f.
Archbishop of, 227.
Boyneburg, 313.
Brabant, 245, 253, 255, 264, 269, 274.
population, 454.
Brahe, T., 623.
Bramante, 686.
Brandenburg, 74, 468, 540.
population, 454.
Joachim I, Elector of, 77.
Joachim II, Elector of, 119, 127.
Albert of, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, 113, 139.
John, Margrave of, 398.
Brandenburg-Culmbach, Albert of, 130.
Brant, S., 88.
Ship of Fools, 54, 147.
Brantôme, 211, 350, 582, 704.
Brask, J., 137.
Brazil, 405, 408, 435, 444.
Breda, 251.
Brederode, 257.
Brentano, 729.
Brenz, 645.
Brescia, 455, 565, 658.
Brethren of the Common Life, 12, 26, 32.
Briçonnet, W., 180 ff.
Brielle, 260.
Bristol, 323.
Brittany, 182, 195.
Brothers of Mercy, 397.
Browne, R., 345.
Brück, G., 116.
Bruges, 273, 559.
Bruno, 507, 623, 639 f.
Brunswick, Henry, Duke of, 120.
Brussels, 235, 242, 245, 253, 255 ff., 264, 266, 268,
272, 439, 502, 540.
Bucer, M., 110, 120, 122, 164, 169, 312 f., 322, 375,
508, 596, 645.
Buchanan, G., 354, 579 f., 603, 703.
Buckingham, Duke of, 280.
Buckle, H. T., 722.
Budé, W., 187, 190, 193 f., 667, 672.
Bugenhagen, J., 137.
Bullinger, H., 102, 123, 150, 160, 179, 299, 312,
326, 356, 420, 587.
Burckhardt, J., 732.
Burghley, W. Cecil, Lord, 327, 333 f., 337 f., 554, 635.
Burgos, 457.
Burgundy, Free County of, 76, 234, 257, 455, 553.
Philip the Good, Duke of, 234.
Charles the Bold, Duke of, 235.
Burgundy (France), 186.
Burnet, G., 701.
Burr, G. L., 732.
Busleiden, J., 672.
Butts, W., 470 f.

Cabot, S., 446. Cabral, 442. Cabrières, 203. Cadiz, 341, 524 f. Cairo, 446. Cajetan, T. de Vio, Cardinal, 46, 67 f., 393, 566, 605, 624. Calais, 200, 281, 302, 319, 332 Calcagnini, C., 620. Calderon, 433. Calendar, reform of the, 623 f. Calicut, 441 f. Calixtus III, Pope, 16. Calvin, G., 161. Calvin, I., 169. Calvin, J.: and German Theology, 32. doctrine of the eucharist, 110, 165 f. and Lutherans, 134. and Zwingli, 134, 159 f., 166. and Bohemian Brethren, 144. early life, 161 f. and Erasmus, 162, 164. and Luther, 162, 164 f. conversion, 162. Institutes of the Christian Religion, 162 ff., 169, 198, 208, 645. doctrine of predestination, 164 ff., 746. in Italy, 168, 376. in Geneva, 168 ff., 179. at Strassburg, 169. at Colloquy of Ratisbon, 169. marriage, 169. social reform, 170 ff., 483. persecutes, 175 ff., 645 f. and Servetus, 177 f. international position, 179 f. death and character, 180 f. and French Reformation, 189, 201, 230 f. and Rabelais, 194 f. and French Bible, 196. political theory, 211, 592, 596 f., 604. influence in Netherlands, 248. influence in England, 312, 326 f., 335. influence in Scotland, 359. and Bolsec, 375. and Council of Trent, 392. and Index, 420. on torture, 481. on amusements, 485. biblical exegesis, 569, 572. on usury, 609. and free thought, 626. and witchcraft, 656. and art, 690. judged by Gibbon, 710 f. judged by Christie, 731. Calvinism barred by Peace of Augsburg, 130. and Lutheranism, 134, 179 f. in Scandinavia, 138. in Poland, 142 f. international, 179 f. in France, 201 ff. in Netherlands, 247 ff. in Scotland, 353. in Spain, 416. in Italy, 417. political effect, 594, 707. and Capitalism, 728 f. Camden, 703. Cambrai Treaty of, 186. Archbishopric of, 252. Cambridge, University of, 56, 471, 604, 671, 687. and Reformation, 281 f. Cambridgeshire, 323. Camoens, 11, 444 f. Campanus, 626. Campeggio, 122. Canisius, P., 32, 406. Cano, S. del, 441. Canon Law, 43 f., 69, 71, 78. Canossa, 43. Cape of Good Hope, 10, 441. Cape Verde Islands, 435, 441. Capitalism, 3-5, 515-562. and Reformation, 515, 727 f., 748. origins, 515 ff. first great fortunes, 517 f. banking, 518 ff. mining, 522 f. commerce, 523 ff. manufacture, 536 ff. gilds, 537 ff. agriculture, 541 ff. bourgeoisie, 548 ff. proletariat, 552 ff. pauperism, 556 ff. Capito, W., 110, 150, 157, 189, 508, 645. Cappel First Peace of, 158. battle of, 158 f. Capuchins, 375, 397. Caracci, 689. Caracciolo, M., 78. Caraffa, J. P., see Paul IV. Cardan, J., 610 f., 614. Carlstadt, A. Bodenstein of, 69, 81, 83, 90, 108, 120, 136, 241, 420, 569. Carlyle, T., 718. Carpi, Berengar of, 613. Cartier, J., 446, 526. Cartwright, T., 343. Cassander, 248, 255. Castellio, S., 175, 646 f. Castiglione, B., 492, 501, 510. Castile, 412, 427 f. Cateau-Cambrésis, Treaty of, 200, 206, 372. Catechisms, 112, 142, 395, 406 f. Catharine of Aragon, Queen of England, 279, 286 f., 290 f., 321. Catharine Howard, Queen of England, 307. Catharine Parr, Queen of England, 307. Catharine de' Medici, Queen of France, marriage, 198 f. character, 211. policy, 211 ff. "flying squadron," 215. and St. Bartholomew, 217 f. as seen by Huguenots, 220 f. death, 224. and Pius V, 386. invents corsets, 497. and Machiavelli, 591. and art, 688. judged by Michelet, 717. Catholic Church (see also Papacy and Counter-reformation). revolt from, 4. history in later Middle Ages, 13-20. heir of the Roman Empire, 13, 747. abuses, 20 f. wealth, 21. temporal power, 29, 37, 70 f. attacked by Luther, 123, 388. intolerance, 641 ff. Celibacy, sacerdotal, effect on race, 13, 453. vow not kept, 25. rejected by Wyclif, 37. repudiated by Luther, 71, 81. in England, 306, 313. and Inquisition, 508. Cellarius, C., 561. Cellini, B., 504, 583, 653, 688. Censorship of the press, 417 ff., 423 f. Cerdagne, 426. Cerratani, B., 377. Cervantes, 433, 692. Ceuta, 446. Ceylon, 408, 524. Chambre Ardente, 203 f. Chancellor, R., 447. Chapuis, 288, 291. Charles V, Emperor, heir of Burgundy and Spain, 76, 126. elected emperor, 77. crowned, 78. religious policy, 79 ff., 116 ff., 121 f., 236, 322 note. conquers Tunis, 121. war with France, 121, 185 ff., 198, 427. Schmalkaldic War, 126, 383. abdicates, 132, 246. in Netherlands, 235, 238. suppresses rebellion of Ghent, 236 f. and England, 278 ff., 294, 317 f. and papacy, 378 ff. and Inquisition, 417. character, 427, 498. betrothed to Mary Tudor, 432. and Moors, 433. and Russia, 447. finance, 467. in Spain, 477. and Fuggers, 528. portrait, 678. Charles VIII, King of France, 17, 35. Charles IX, King of France, 143, 211 ff., 217 f. Charron, P., 633. Chartres, 227. Chateaubriand, Edict of, 204. Chaucer, G., 25. Cheshire, 323. Chesterton, G. K., 729. Cheyney, E. P., 742 f. Chieregato, F., 84, 377. Children, 510 f., 555. China, 443. Christian II, King of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, 136. Christian III, King of Denmark, 119, 137. Christianity, 13, 583, 627, 744 f. Christie, R. C., 731. Cicero, 49, 488, 619. Ciceronians, 577 f. Cisneros, G. de, 401. Civita Vecchia, 535. Clement of Rome, 568. Clement V, Pope, 14. Clement VII, Pope, 186, 250. and Charles V, 236, 433. and Henry VIII, 287, 291 pontificate, 379 ff., 389. forbids duelling, 485 f. and Copernicus, 622. and art, 690. Clement VIII, Pope, 228. Clenoch, M., 325. Clergy morals, 25, 493 f. power of, 27 f. denounced by Wyclif, 37. attacked in Gravamina, 45. assailed by Luther, 71. in Netherlands, 236. reform in England, 314. in Scotland, 353 f., 356. pay of, 470. position of, 493 ff. spoliation, 550 f. Cleves, 44. William, Duke of, 306. Clocks and watches, invention of, 7 f., 688. Cochin, D., 738. Cochin (India), 442. Cochin-China, 408. Cochlaeus, 284, 588, 702. Coeur, J., 460. Cognac, League of, 186. Cole of Faversham, 167. Colet, J., 26, 53, 57, 280 f., 510, 665, 667. Coligni, G. de, 199, 205, 214 ff., 261. Cologne, 44, 54, 74, 252, 454. University of, 77, 241, 655, 666, 670. reformation of, 120, 127, 283. counter-reformation of, 128. Colonna family, 16. Vittoria, 375. Columbus, C., 3, 10 f., 62, 430, 434 f., 614 f. Commerce, 442 ff., 523 ff. Communism, 94, 155. Como, 658. Compass, invention of, 7, 614 f. Compostella, 499. Condé, Prince of, 211, 214 f. Condorcet, 713. Congo, 405. Constance, Council of, ends Great Schism, 14. deals with heresy, 14, 39 f. reforms, 14 f., 45. memory of, 148, 389, 703. Constantinople, 9, 16, 448. Consubstantiation, 33, 108. Contarini, G., 117, 122, 377, 382, 393, 402. Coornheert, D. V., 249, 251. Cop, 172. Copenhagen, University of, 12. Copernicus, N. Bible quoted against, 573. economic theory, 608. trigonometry, 610. life, 618. astronomy, 3, 618 ff. De Revolutionibus Orbium Caelestium, 620. reception of his theory, 621 ff., 632. influence on philosophy, 637 ff. Cordus, E., 558. Correggio, 680. Corsica, 456. Cortez, H., 438 f. Cossacks, 139 f. Cotta, U., 63. Counter-reformation, 377-424. turns back Protestants, 388. Spanish Spirit, 389. and art, 690 f. origin of word, 721. Courtenay, W., 36. Coutras, battle of, 223. Coverdale, M., 299 f., 327, 355, 570 f. Cox, R., 508. Cracow,140, 144. University of, 618. Craig, J., 603. Cranach, L., 376, 683. Cranmer, T., 290, 299, 313 f., 322 f., 495. Creighton, M., 741. Crépy, Peace of, 121, 198. Crespin, 585. Cromwell, T. alliance with France, 187. and Reformation, 289, 295 ff., 299 ff., 306 f. death, 307. fortune, 518. and Machiavelli, 591. Cuba, 438. Cugnatis, I. de, 502. Cumberland, 304. Cunningham, W., 729. Cusa, N. of, 48, 617, 640.

Damascus, 446.
Dancing, 500.
Daniel, G., 704.
Dante, 47, 423.
Danzig, 140 f., 454.
Darnley, Lord, 366 f.
Dauphiné, 202.
Davila, 704.
Delft, 264.
Demonology, 63, 653 ff.
Demosthenes, 574.
Denifle, 741.
Denmark
and Lübeck, 118.
early emigration, 135.
Reformation, 136 ff.
population, 458.
church property, 551.
Dessau, League of, 114.
Deventer, school, 56, 662.
Diaz, B., 10.
Digby, E., 639.
Digges, L., 614.
Dillenburg, 251, 258.
Dilthey, W., 730.
Diodorus, 574.
Dionysius the Areopagite, 50, 52 f.
Dispensations, papal, 22 f.
Dolet, S., 187, 203, 231, 629 f.
Döllinger, I., 723 f.
Dominic, St., 397, 399.
Dominicans, 148, 407, 702, 708.
Donatus, Latin grammar of, 8 f., 663.
Dordrecht, 240.
Doria, A., 449.
Douai, 186, 672.
Drake, F., 339 ff., 446.
Dress, 496 f.
Drinking, 485, 497 f.
Dublin, 347.
Dudley, Edmond, 279.
Dudley, Guilford, 317, 518.
Duelling, 485 f.
Dundee, 354.
Durand, 108.
Dürer, A., 510.
at Basle, 147.
in Netherlands, 240, 454, 466 ff., 537.
and Mexican spoils, 439.
property, 472.
art, 683 ff.

East Indies, 274 f., 409. Eck, J., 68 f., 77 f., 117 f., 122, 608. Eckhart, 30 f. Edinburgh, 355 f., 360, 367, 671. Treaty of, 361 f. Education, 661-73. method, 662 f., 667 f. curriculum, 663 f. effect of Reformation, 664 f., 670. Edward II, King of England, 296. Edward VI, King of England, foreign policy, 200. and Reformation, 286. birth, 299. reign, 310-7. and Scotland, 352. a law of, 483. and gilds, 540. and Bible, 572. schools, 666. accomplishments, 668. Edwards, J., 166 f. Egmont, L., Count of, 200, 251, 257, 259. Egmont, N. of, 240. Egypt, 449. Einsiedeln, 140, 150. Eisenach, 63, 81. Eleanor, Queen of France, 186. Elizabeth, Queen of England, and St. Bartholomew, 219. and Netherlands, 253, 267, 275. birth, 291. heir to the throne, 316 f. character, 324. religious policy, 324 ff., 336 ff. refuses to marry, 331. foreign policy, 332 ff. and popes, 335, 337 f., 386 f. and Ireland, 346, 348. and Knox, 361. and Mary, Queen of Scots, 368. censorship, 419. government, 477, 479. navy, 491. dancing, 500. commercial policy, 527. and Bible, 572. and liberty, 604 f. skepticism, 634. tolerance, 650. accomplishments, 668. and universities, 671. and art, 688. and Spenser, 693. Elizabeth of Valois, Queen of Spain, 226. Ely, H., 338. Elyot, T., 510, 667. Emden, 260. Emerson, R. W., 718. Empson, R., 279, 518. Emser, J., 702. England pays Peter's Pence, 21. church of, 41 f., 327, 330. literature, 135. and French Calvinists, 204, 214, 219. and Netherlands, 238, 248 f., 260, 275, 288, 339. foreign policy under Henry VIII, 277 ff., 288, 309. Reformation, 281 ff., 310 ff. Reformation Parliament, 288 ff. dissolution of monasteries, 296 f., 551. alliance with Schmalkaldic League, 300 f., 305 f. Pilgrimage of Grace, 302 ff. religious parties and statistics, 308, 311, 323, 325 f., 328. Book of Common Prayer, 312, 329 f., 344, 358. social disorders, 314 ff. Catholic reaction, 318 ff. war with France, 319, 332. conversion of masses to Protestantism, 327 f. Thirty-nine Articles, 329 f., 343. finances, 331 f., 522. war with Spain, 332, 339 ff., 433. rebellion of Northern Earls, 334 f., 550. buccaneers, 339 f., 533. Puritanism, 343 ff. and Scotland, 359, 361 f. censorship, 419. population, 453, 458. coinage, 462, 474. navy, 470, 490 f. criminal law, 481 f. army, 489. clergy, 494. brigandage, 505. commerce, 526 f., 532 ff. gilds, 540 f. inclosures, 543 ff. agriculture, 546 ff. serfs, 553. regulation of labor, 554. poor-relief, 561 f. and Polydore Vergil, 581. chronicles, 582. skeptics, 633 ff. witchcraft, 656, 658. schools, 665 f. universities, 671. Enzinas, F., 245. Epictetus, 574. Epistolae Obscurorum Virorum, 55. Erasmus, 51. Enchiridion Militis Christiani, 26, 57, 193, 684. on worship of saints, 28 f. and Colet, 53. early life and works, 56-61. Praise of Folly, 57. "philosophy of Christ," 58, 583, 698. Colloquies, 59 f., 667 f. Latin style, 60 f., 577 f. foresees Reformation, 61. and Luther, 104 ff., 134, 241, 649, 733. Diatribe on Free Will, 105, 167. edits New Testament, 147, 564 f. and Zwingli, 149 f., 153 f., 160. and Farel, 160 f. and Calvin, 162, 164. biblical criticism, 188. on persecution, 191, 642, 646 f. influence in France, 193. and Netherlands, 235, 239 ff. and Henry VIII, 277, 287 and English Reformation, 281 f. on polygamy, 287, 507. influence in Italy, 376. and Index, 420 ff. income, 471. on war, 488. on German inns, 499 f. anecdote, 502. on treatment of women, 509. political theory, 557, 592 f. edits Fathers, 575. on Roman capitol, 575. on books, 577. biographies, 582. and witchcraft, 655. on education, 667, 669, 672. portrait, 683. on hymn-singing, 690. wit, 693. Erastus, T., 594. Erfurt, 30, 82, 350, 454. University of, 63 f., 670. Eric XIV, King of Sweden, 138. Ermeland, 618. Esch, J., 242. Essex, 323. Earl of, 348. Esthonia, 139. Estienne family, 187, 203. Henry, 220. Henry, junior, 575. Robert, 565, 575 Eton, 662 f. Eucharist, doctrine of the, 86, 107 ff., 133, 160, 165 f., 206, 241, 301, 314, 711. Eucken, 740. Euclid, 574, 610. Eugene IV, Pope, 15. Euripides, 574. Exeter, 323. Exploration, 10 f., 434-50. Exsurge Domine, 77 f. Eyemouth, 362.

Faber, see Le Fèvre and Lefèvre.
Fagius, 312, 322.
Fallopius, 613.
Farel, W., 160 f., 164, 168 f., 176, 178, 195 f.
Farnese, A., 272 ff.
Farnese, O., 250.
Faust, 696 f.
Ferdinand, Emperor, 76, 238.
and Württemberg, 79, 119.
and Luther, 86.
opposes German reforms, 114.
elected King of Romans, 118.
tolerates Lutherans, 131.
becomes emperor, 132, 246.
in Hungary, 144.
and Elizabeth, 333.
and Council of Trent, 391, 394 f.
commercial grants, 528.
Ferdinand, King of Aragon, 76, 398, 412, 426, 590.
Ferrara, 375 f.
Alphonso, Duke of, 492.
Renée, Duchess of, 168, 376, 646.
University of, 618, 627.
Fichte, 718.
Ficino, M., 51.
Field, J., 623.
Figgis, N., 742.
Finland, 138, 458.
Fish, S., 283, 296.
Fisher, G. P., 739.
Fisher, H. A. L., 735.
Fisher, J., 282 f., 290, 294, 382.
Fisher, R., 635.
Fitzherbert, 543.
Flacius Illyricus, 133, 584.
Flanders, 239 f., 246, 257, 274, 288, 525.
Flemings, 270.
Flodden, battle of, 279, 353, 488.
Florence, 17 f., 372, 381, 456, 463 f., 514, 520, 686.
Florida, 437.
Flushing, 260.
Folengo, 374.
Formula of Concord, 133 f.
Forzio, B., 376.
Fox, E., 301.
Foxe, J., 327, 585 f., 701.
France
Universities, 11 f.
Reformation, 12, 187 ff.
invades Italy, 17, 185.
Gallican church, 42, 184, 215, 551.
war with Germany, 79, 116, 121, 123, 127, 185 ff., 198, 207.
relations with Switzerland, 147.
Calvin, 162.
condition, 182, 184.
royal pedigrees, 183.
Renaissance, 187.
expansion of, 199 f.
wars of religion, 210 ff., 455.
failure of Protestantism, 228 ff.
war with England, 279, 309, 319, 332.
civilization, 350.
and Scotland, 359.
and Council of Trent, 395.
Jesuits in, 405 f.
censorship, 419.
population, 455, 458.
wealth, 459 ff.
army, 459.
coinage, 462 f.
finance, 467, 470, 480, 522.
duelling, 486.
trade, 525 f.
serfs, 553.
poor-relief, 561.
memoirs, 582.
republicans, 597 ff.
skeptics, 628 ff.
Franche Comté, see Burgundy, Free County of.
Francis, St., 397, 399, 404.
Francis I, King of France,
candidate for imperial throne, 77.
and Zwingli, 157 f.
and Calvin, 162.
character, 184 f., 278 f.
and Lnther, 191, 231.
alliance with German Protestants, 197.
death, 198.
and Waldenses, 203.
army, 459, 489.
finance, 461, 467, 470.
on gambling, 485.
Collège de France, 672.
portrait, 678.
and art, 688.
Francis II, King of France, 210 f., 330, 359, 362.
Francis, Dauphin, 221.
Franciscans, 148, 397, 407.
Francke, S., 583, 627.
Franconia, 91.
Franeker, University of, 673.
Frankenhausen, 95.
Frankfort-on-the-Oder, University of, 11, 670.
Frankfort-on-the-Main, 31, 76, 321, 358, 523.
Treaty of, 122.
Frauenburg, 618.
Frederic III, Emperor, 45.
Frederic I, King of Denmark, 136 f.
Free Will, 105, 164 ff.
Freiburg-in-the-Breisgau, University of, 11.
Freiburg in Switzerland, 146, 168.
Freytag, G., 718 f.
Friesland, 235, 238, 259, 272.
Froben, J., 147, 190, 280.
Frobisher, M., 446.
Froude, J. A., 343, 367, 717.
Frundsherg, 380, 488.
Fugger, Bank of, 77, 461, 520 ff.
family, 461, 479, 522 f.
Anthony, 528.
James, 527 f.
Jerome, 528.
Raymond, 528.
Funk, 133.
Fust, J., 9.