Working with the Mithridates, the MS. of Mr. Bollaert, and Mr. Kennedy's volume on Texas before me, I find that the list of Texian Indians which these authorities justified me in publishing in 1848, contained (1) Coshattas, (2) Towiachs, Towakenos, Towecas, and Wacos, (3) Lipans or Sipans, (4) Aliche or Eyish, (5) Acossesaws, (6) Navaosos, (7) Mayes, (8) Cances, (9) Toncahuas, (10) Tuhuktukis, (11) Unataquas or Anadarcos, (12) Mascovie, (13) Tawanis or Ionis, (14) Wico,? Waco, (15) Avoyelles, (16) Washitas, (17) Ketchi, (18) Xaramenes, (19) Caicaches, (20) Bidias, (21) Caddo, (22) Attacapa, (23) Adahi; besides the Carankahuas (of which the Cokes are made a branch) classed with the Attacapa, and not including certain Cherokees, Choctahs, Chikkasahs, and Sioux.
A Washita vocabulary, which will be referred to in the sequel, concludes the list of Texian languages known by specimens.
At present, then, the chief question respecting the philology of Texas is one of distribution. Given as centres to certain groups
- The Choctah,
- The Caddo,
- The Adahi,
- The Attakapa,
- The Cumanch, and
- The Washita languages,
how do we arrange the tribes just enumerated? Two works help us here:—1. A letter from the Ex-president Burnett to Schoolcraft on the Indians of Texas. Date 1847. 2. A Statistical Notice of the same by Jesse Stem. Date 1851.
Stem's statistics run thus:—
| Tribes. | Numbers. | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Towacarros | 141 | } | 293 |
| Wacos | 114 | ||
| Ketchies | 38 | ||
| Caddos | 161 | } | 476 |
| Andarcos | 202 | ||
| Ioni | 113 | ||
| Tonkaways | 1152 | ||
| Wichitas | 100 | ||
| Lipans | 500 | ||
| Comanches | 20,000 | ||
giving us several of the names that have already appeared; giving also great prominence to the Cumanches—numerally at least.
In Mr. Burnett's Letter the term Caddo is prominent; but whether it denote the Caddo language, or merely the Caddo confederation, is uncertain. Neither can I find from the context whether the statements respecting the Indians of the Caddo connexion (for this is what we must call it at present) are made on the personal authority of the writer, or whether they are taken, either directly or indirectly, from the Mithridates. The term that Burnett uses is stock, his statement being that the Waco, the Tawacani, the Towiash, the Aynic, the San Pedro Indians, the Nabaducho, and the Nacodocheets are all both Texian in origin and Caddo in stock.