His other tribes are—
1. The Ketchi: a small tribe on Trinity River, hated by the Cumanches as sorcerers, and, perhaps, the same as—
2. The Hitchi, once a distinct tribe, now assimilated with their neighbours.
3. The Tonkaways, a separate tribe, of which, however, the distinctive characters are not stated.
Whatever may be the exact details of the languages, dialects, and subdialects of Texas, the general outline is simple.
The Choctah forms of speech are anything but native.
They are of foreign origin and recent introduction. So are certain Sioux and other dialects spoken within the Texian area.
The Cumanch is in the same predicament; though not, perhaps, so decidedly. It belongs to the Paduca class, and its affinities are with the Shoshoni and Wihinast of Oregon.
The Caddo Proper is said to be intrusive, having been introduced so late as 1819 from the parts between the great Raft and the Natchitoches or Red River. I hold, however, that some Caddo forms of speech must be indigenous.