The Shoshoni (Paduca) group.—The best general name for this class is, in the mind of the present writer, Paduca; a name which was proposed by him soon after his notification of the affinity between the Shoshoni and the Comanch, in A.D. 1845. Until then, the two languages stood alone; i. e. there was no class at all. The Wihinast was shewn to be akin to the Shoshoni by Mr. Hale; the Wihinast vocabulary having been collected by that indefatigable philologue during the United States Exploring Expedition. In Gallatin's Report this affinity is put forward with due prominence; the Wihinast being spoken of as the Western Shoshoni.
In '50 the Report of the Secretary at War on the route from San Antonio to El Paso supplied an Utah vocabulary; which the paper of May '53 shews to be Paduca.
In the Report upon the Indian Tribes &c. of '55, we find the Chemehuevi, or the language of one of the Pah-utah bands "for the first time made public. It agrees" (writes Professor Turner) "with Simpson's Utah and Hale's East Shoshoni."
Carvalho (I quote from Buschmann) gives the numerals of the Piede (Pa-uta) of the Muddy River. They are nearly those of the Chemehuevi.
| English. | Piede. |
|---|---|
| one | soos. |
| two | weïoone. |
| three | pioone. |
| four | wolsooing. |
| five | shoomin. |
| six | navi. |
| seven | navikavah. |
| eight | nanneëtsooïn. |
| nine | shookootspenkermi. |
| ten | tomshooïn. |
For the Cahuillo see below.
Is the Kioway Paduca? The only known Kioway vocabulary is one published by Professor Turner in the Report just alluded to. It is followed by the remark that "a comparison of this vocabulary with those of the Shoshoni stock does, it is true, show a greater degree of resemblance than is to be found in any other direction. The resemblance, however, is not sufficient to establish a radical affinity, but rather appears to be the consequence of long intercommunication."
For my own part I look upon the Kioway as Paduca—the value of the class being raised.
| English. | Kioway. |
|---|---|
| man | kiani. |
| woman | mayi. |
| head | kiaku. |
| hair | ooto. |
| face | caupa. |
| forehead | taupa. |
| ear | taati. |
| eye | taati. |
| nose | maucon. |
| mouth | surol. |
| tongue | den. |
| tooth | zun. |
| hand | mortay. |
| foot | onsut. |
| blood | um. |
| bone | tonsip. |
| sky | kiacoh. |
| sun | pai |
| moon | pa. |
| star | tah. |
| fire | pia. |
| water | tu. |
| I | no. |
| thou | am. |
| he | kin. |
| we | kime. |
| ye | tusa. |
| they | cuta. |
| one | pahco. |
| two | gia. |
| three | pao. |
| four | iaki. |
| five | onto. |
| six | mosso. |
| seven | pantsa. |
| eight | iatsa. |
| nine | cohtsu. |
| ten | cokhi. |