Drains.—So far as these ruins have been cleared, only two drains have been exposed, one through a wall 5 ft. wide, which wall runs parallel to the east side of the large curved wall, and one through the main wall leading from the north-east enclosure.
Cement.—Granite cement has been extensively employed at these ruins, both for flooring, dadoes, and steps, also for platforms in the angles of walls, which somewhat resemble the “blind steps” in the angles of the divisional walls of the Elliptical Temple.
MAUND RUINS
These ruins, though not extensive, appear to have been of some importance. They are situated at a distance of 60 yds. from the east-north-east side of Philips Ruins, and lie almost half-way between those ruins and the East Ruins.
Their construction is excellent, and the walls are massive, while all the entrances are rounded, most having possessed a pair of granite lintel beams. Although built upon by far the lowest level of any ruin at Zimbabwe, it is the least filled-in, either naturally or artificially, by any native occupiers. There are very few traces of Makalanga occupation. The granite cement floors are at a depth of 1 ft. to 2 ft. below the surface soil within the interior. No ancient relics, save fragments of soapstone bowls carved with chevron pattern, have been found here.
The most interesting points as to these ruins are:—
(1) Two very fine rounded ends of walls, both being excellent pieces of masonry.
(2) Two structures facing east and west respectively, the summits being approached by large steps, and each associated with one of the rounded walls.
(3) Sections of red clay walls in the gaps of the stone walls.
The area of these ruins is 143 ft. from east to west, and 138 ft. from north to south. There is some evidence that these ruins once occupied a larger area.