Great Zimbabwe, Mashonaland, Rhodesia / An account of two years' examination work in 1902-4 on behalf of the government of Rhodesia

by R. N. Hall

At depth of 14 ft. no sign of rock.

No. 7 Hole.—Centre of Platform Area.

At depth of 12 ft. no sign of rock; bottom wet.

No. 8 Hole.—Centre of Central Area.

At depth of 8 ft. no trace of rock. Hole passed through two clay floors, and below one granite cement floor.

The Central Area had previously been cleared to a depth of 5 ft. before hole was sunk.

---

INDEX

• Abolosi. See Barosie
• Acropolis Ruins—
• Situation, [3]
• First impressions of, [5]
• View from, [6–11]
• Sunset on, [24–30]
• Description of, [276–362]
• S.E. ascent, [276–294]
• Lower Parapet, [282–286]
• Rock Passage, [286–288]
• Higher Parapet, [288–290]
• Original heights of walls, [290], [291]
• Ascent from coast route, [291], [292]
• Possible ancient scenes on ascent, [293], [294]
• Dentelle Pattern on ascent, [285], [289]
• Western Enclosure, [294–296]
• Western Temple, [xxviii], [xxix], [297–309]
• North Wall, [298], [299]
• West Wall, [299], [300]
• Monoliths and Conical Towers, [300], [302]
• Architecture and construction of West Wall, [302], [303]
• South Wall, [303], [304]
• East side of Western Temple, [304]
• Centre of arc of West Wall, [304–307]
• Covered Passage, [307]
• Platform Cave, [307], [308]
• Stairs to Platform, [308]
• Parallel Passage, [308]
• Internal walls, [xxix], [308], [309]
• Sections of floors, [xxviii], [xxix], [309]
• Platform Enclosure, [310–312]
• Cleft Rock Enclosure, [312], [313]
• The Platform, [313–315], [441], [442]
• Balcony Wall, [315]
• Little Enclosure, [315], [316]
• The Winding Stairs, [316]
• Upper Passage, [316]
• East Passage, [316]
• Buttress Passage, [317], [318]
• South Enclosure A, [318]
• South Cave, [319], [320]
• South Passage, [320]
• South Enclosure B, [320], [321]
• South Enclosure C, [321]
• Central Passage, [321]
• Eastern Temple, [323–335]
• Section of Eastern Temple, [324]
• Plan of Eastern Temple, [326]
• Dentelle Pattern at Eastern Temple, [328]
• Bent’s “altar” at Eastern Temple, [333]
• The Ancient Balcony, [335], [336]
• Gold Furnace Enclosure, [337], [338]
• Balcony Cave, [337]
• Balcony Enclosure, [336]
• Upper Gold Furnace Enclosure, [338]
• Pattern Passage, [338], [339]
• Step Pattern, [339]
• Recess Enclosure, [340], [341]
• North Plateau, [341], [342]
• North Parapet, [342], [343]
• N.W. ascent, [344–349]
• Water Gate Ruins, [349–353]
• Terraced Enclosures on N.W. face of hill, [353–357]
• South Terrace, [357], [358]
• Outspan Ruins, [279], [358–362]
• Aden (Eudaemon), [67]
• Almaquah (Venus or Ashtaroth), Sabæan Divinity, [108], [194]
• Amangwa Tribe, [53], [57], [59], [84], [85], [91]
• Ancient Architecture at Zimbabwe, [135–192]
• Sabæans (Himyarites) as builders, [xxxii], [xxxvii] (note), [136], [193], [194]
• Degree of durability of walls, [138]
• Dilapidations, [139–148]
• Makalanga walls within ruins, [xxix], [149–152], [312], [336], [373]
• Some other walls not ancient, [xxvii], [xxix], [152]
• Makalanga huts within ruins, [xx], [xxix], [149–156], [365], [368], [373], [413]
• Passages, [156–162]
• Entrances and buttresses, [162–166]
• Dilapidations to entrances and buttresses, [166], [167]
• Drains, [168–172]
• Battering of walls, [172–174]
• Monoliths, [174–176]
• Soapstone monoliths, [176–178]
• Number of monoliths still more or less erect, [178–180]
• Slate and granite beams, [180], [181]
• Cement dadoes, [181–182], [240], [372], [375], [383]
• Built-up crevices, [182], [183]
• Holes in wall other than drains, [183], [184], [423]
• Blind steps and platforms, [184], [185], [236], [240], [254], [261], [385]
• Ancient walls at a distance from any main ruins are of less superior construction, [185–187]
• Cement, [187–189]
• Ancients and caves and rock holes (see Caves), [189–192]
• Recesses, [340], [341], [379]
• “Sentry-boxes,” [374], [430]
• Ancient clothing, surmise as to, [293]
• Ancient output of gold, [292]
• Ancient relics discovered at Zimbabwe, [102–135]
• Inventory of, [142], [148]
• Ancient road, Zimbabwe and Sofala, Taunton, [63], [74]
• Arab “finds” at Zimbabwe—
• Box, [116]
• Lamp chain, [116]
• Lamp-stand, [118]
• Iron keys, [122]
• Calcedony beads, [126]
• Glass, [128]
• Pottery, [131], [436]
• Arab gold and ivory traders, [67]
• Arab trading station at Zimbabwe, [132–134]
• Area of Zimbabwe Ruins, [xv-xvii]
• Arowi Kopje, [11], [66], [69], [95]
• Ashtaroth. See Almaquah
• Bailey, Thomas, grave of, [19]
• Baranzimba’s kraal, [10], [16], [52]
• His old kraal, [52], [57]
• The headman, [41], [88]
• Barbosa, Duarte (1514), on the Makalanga, [123], [132], [133]
• Barotse (Barosie, Marosie, Varosie, Abolosi)—
• Derivation and origin of, [81], [82]
• Excellent stone-builders, [82], [85]
• Jerri’s people Barotse, [82]
• Head kraal at Zimbabwe, [8], [83], [424]
• Resided in the ruins, [83]
• Resided on Bentberg, [153]
• Totem of race, [91]
• Totem of tribe, [91–92]
• Pottery, [129]
• Kraal of Motumi, [58]
• Baduma Tribe, [91], [94]
• Beads, [126]
• Gold, [113]
• Calcedony, [126]
• Porcelain, [132]
• Glass, [132]
• Ivory and bone, [126]
• Unknown to natives, [306]
• Bent, F.R.G.S., Theodore, [xv], [xvii], [xxix], [3], [8], [18], [35], [39], [55], [64], [106], [108], [109], [111], [112], [125], [135], [151], [161], [171], [193], [195], [198], [208], [209], [218], [221], [222], [223], [226], [234], [242], [244], [245], [265], [272], [273], [295], [296], [304], [306], [327], [338]
• Bentberg Hill (Matusa), [7], [8], [9], [137]
• Ruins on, [424]
• Benzi, nickname of the present Mogabe, [42]
• Beroma Range, [11], [31], [49], [51], [63]
• Beroma Ruins, [68], [69]
• Besa Mountains, [10]
• Bethûl, “dwelling-place of God” of Phœnicians, [15]
• Bingura, Amangwa chief, [57]
• Bingura’s kraal, [9], [17], [57], [58], [84]
• Bingura’s Path, [56], [59], [137]
• Bingura’s Path Ruins, [425]
• Brass articles, bangles and wire, [123], [124]
• Brass bartered for by Makalanga (1514), [123]
• “Breasts, Queen of Sheba’s,” on Beroma Range, Zimbabwe. See Marsgi and Sueba
• British South Africa Company, [2], [3], [279]
• Bryce, Professor, on Makalanga stone buildings, [151]
• Budge, Dr. (British Museum), opinion on Arabian glass, [128]
• On “finds” in later ruins, [xv], [xv], [xxvi]
• Bungu, Makalanga Headman, [55]
• Burial-places of ancients, searches for, [xvii-xviii]
• Bushman paintings absent from Zimbabwe district, [192]
• Byblos, Temple of, in Phœnicia, compared with Great Zimbabwe, [xxxix], [245]
• Camp Ruins Nos. 1 and 2, [414–419]
• Calcedony beads, [126]
• Prof. Flinders Petrie’s opinion on, [126]
• Caves, [189–192]
• At Wuwuli, [55]
• Chibfuko, [59]
• Chicagomboni, [61]
• Mapaku, [63], [70]
• Majerri, [73]
• Nini, [86]
• South Cave, [319], [320]
• Balcony Cave, [337]
• Chamananga (Middle Kopje), [56]
• Chenga, Makalanga headman, derivation and position, [11], [17], [31], [41], [57]
• Chenga Ruins, [66], [67], [426], [427]
• Chenga and MaDavid’s Path Ruins, [428]
• Cherimbila, Makalanga chief, [10]
• Renders died at kraal, [62]
• Stone buildings at kraal, [152]
• Chevron pattern at—
• Majerri Ruins, [73]
• Elliptical Temple, [147], [211–213]
• Chibfuko Hill, [10]
• Caves at, [59]
• Chicagomboni Hill, [61]
• Chickwanda’s kraal, [95]
• Chinaka’s kraal, [72]
• China, Nankin, [130]
• Arabian, [131]
• Sketch of, with Arabic lettering, [131], [436]
• Chinongu’s kraal, [11]
• Chipadzi’s kraal, [52], [59], [60], [61]
• Chipfuno (late Mogabe), [42], [55]
• Chipo-popo Falls, [51]
• Comoro Islands, peopled by Jews under Solomon, [xxxvii]
• Condor, Colonel, Syro-Arabian archæologist, [4]
• Conical towers at—
• Elliptical Temple, [240–246]
• Traces on walls, [208]
• Western Temple, [297], [300–302]
• Outspan Ruins, [361]
• Philips Ruins, [380], [381]
• Posselt Ruins, [372]
• Byblos, [xxxix], [245]
• Copper articles, [115–116]
• Sheathing, [115]
• Spearheads, [115], [116]
• Wire, [116]
• Cakes and slag, [116]
• Ore, [116]
• Cupolas, [116]
• Chain, [116]
• Box, bangles, finger-rings, [116]
• Coral, finds of, [134]
• Cotopaxi Mountain, [10]
• Cowrie shells, finds of, [133]
• De Barros (1552) mentions Zimbabwe, [xxvi], [132]
• Delitzsch, F., on the signs of the Babylonian Zodiac, [xxxviii]
• Dentelle pattern on—
• Conical Tower, [243]
• S.E. ascent, [285], [289]
• Platform of Western Temple, [314]
• Eastern Temple, [325], [328]
• Derembghe’s kraal, [95]
• Doro (Dorah), native beer, [16], [18], [45], [46]
• Drew, Mr. Alfred, Native Commissioner, Victoria district, [2], [59], [81], [82], [85], [86], [152], [156]
• East Kopje (Mazanda), [64]
• East Ruins, [420–423]
• Edwards, M.E., the late Telford, on the ancient mines of Rhodesia, [xxvii];
• on the terraced slopes of Inyanga, [xxxiv]
• Elliptical Temple, [3]
• First impressions of, [4]
• Sunday morning in, [13–16]
• Midnight in, [16–24]
• Goldsmith’s shop in, [256]
• Formation rock under, [449], [450]
• Plan, [xxiii], [193–197]
• Construction of, [197–199]
• Measurement of main wall, [199–204]
• Summit of main wall, [xxiii], [205–210]
• Foundations of, [210–211]
• Probable ages of walls of, [xxiii]
• Chevron pattern, [211–213]
• Ground surface of exterior of, [213–215], [449], [450]
• N.W. entrance, [216–218]
• Plan of, [217]
• North entrance, [xx], [218–222]
• Plan of, [219]
• West entrance, [222–224]
• Enclosure Nos. 1–7, [xxii], [7], [225–236]
• Sacred Enclosure, [237–240]
• Conical Tower, [240–244]
• Small Tower, [244]
• Bent on import of, [244], [245]
• Dr. Schlichter, do., [245], [246]
• Parallel Passage, [xx], [246–250]
• The Platform, [251], [252]
• No. 9 Enclosure, [xxii], [253], [254]
• 〃 10 〃 [xxii], [254], [256]
• 〃 11 〃 [257–260]
• 〃 12 〃 [260], [261]
• 〃 13 〃 [261], [262]
• 〃 14 〃 [262], [263]
• 〃 15 〃 [263], [264]
• Central Area, [xxii], [264], [265]
• Platform Area, [xxi], [xxii], [265–267]
• Cement platform, [267]
• Inner Parallel Passage, [267–269]
• South Passage, [269–271]
• West Passage, [272], [273]
• N.E. Passage, [273], [274]
• Outer Parallel Passage, [274], [275]
• Eudaemon (Aden), [67]
• Explorations at Zimbabwe—
• Extracts from Reports by author to Government, [437–442]
• Ezion-geber, a gold mart, [xxii]
• Joint port of Jews and Phœnicians, [67]
• Finger Rock (Morgenster), [51]
• Flux on gold scorifiers, analysis of, [114]
• Foreign stones at Zimbabwe: dolorite, quartz, jasper, serpentine, calcedony, crystal, metamorphic slate, mica schist, ironstone, copper ore, flint, [125]
• Frond Glen, [51]
• Fuko-ya-Nebandge—the Mashonaland relic, [86–88]
• Gallois, L., attributes the Rhodesian monuments to the Himyarites, [xxxvii]
• Glass finds—
• Venetian, [127]
• Arabian, [128]
• Dr. Budge’s opinion thereon, [128]
• Gobele’s kraal, [60], [71]
• Gold articles—
• Two periods of gold manufacture at Zimbabwe, [xix], [xx], [111]
• Gold crucibles, [112], [113]
• Gold beads, [113]
• Beaten gold, [113]
• Gold tacks, [113]
• Bar and cake gold, [113]
• Gold bangles, [114]
• Gold scorifiers, [114]
• Dr. Hahn’s opinion on, [114], [115]
• Goruma Hill, [71]
• Government notices to visitors, [3], [433], [434]
• Grandidier, Alfred, on the early relations of the Israelites with Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, [xxxvii]
• Hahn, Dr. P. Daniel, metallurgical chemist, opinion on gold scorifiers, [111], [114], [115]
• On soil under west wall of temple, [xxv], [210], [211]
• On metamorphic slate, [257]
• Haig, General, on terraced slopes of South Arabia, [xxxiv]
• Hand-clapping, [100]
• Havilah, of Scripture, identified with Rhodesia, [xxxii], [15], [68]
• Havilah Camp, Zimbabwe—
• Residence of author, [2], [16]
• A day at, [31–50]
• Evening at, [48–50]
• Hayles, Mr. H. H., of Victoria, [3]
• Helm, Dr. John, of “Morgenster,” [53], [81], [363]
• Herring-bone pattern—
• Carved, [110]
• On wall, [352]
• Himyarites, builders of the earliest Rhodesian monuments, [xxxii], [xxxvii] (note)
• Source of their food supplies, [xxxiii]
• Their old Semitic language long survived in Abyssinia (Geez), and still survives in South Arabia (Ehkili), [xli]
• Humours of Explorations, [48]
• I’daha (hemp) smoking, [45]
• Idumean Jew, impression of, [xxxvii], [101]
• Ingot moulds, double claw-hammer-shaped, [110]
• Straight bar moulds, [111]
• Ingumaruru Hill, [71]
• Inner Defence Wall, [358], [359]
• Inscription, the vanished Great Zimbabwe, probably post-Koranic, [xlii]
• Himyaritic and Phœnician, absence of, on Rhodesian monuments explained, [xxxix-xlii]
• Searched for, [xviii], [xix]
• Inventory of Relics and Finds discovered by author at Zimbabwe, [442–448]
• Iron articles discovered—
• Hoes, [116]
• Picks, [117]
• Chisels, [118]
• Spoon, spearhead, lamp-stand, bangles, [118]
• “Collars” and “shoes,” [119]
• Forked instrument and pincers, [120], [121]
• Gongs, [121], [122]
• Rod or sceptre, keys (conjectured), [122]
• Smelting furnaces, [123]
• Inyanga district, its terraced slopes, [xxxiv]
• Its “slave-pits” relatively recent, [xxxv]
• Its terraces dissimilar to Zimbabwe terraces, [354]
• Inyuni Hills, [11], [69]
• Isafuba game, [32], [43], [44], [45]
• Holes on Rusivanga, [425]
• Holes at S.E. Ruins, [397]
• I’zhuba Kuru (Sunday), [46]
• Jerri’s people, Barotse tribe, [82]
• Lived at Khami Ruins till 1836, [82]
• Now live at Jerri Mountains, South Mashonaland, [82]
• Kaprazine, the Monomotapa in 1620, [133]
• Kafir (Kaffir), derivation of, [30]
• Keane, Dr. A. H., his solution of the “Gold of Ophir” question, [xxxi-xliii], [3]
• Khami Ruins
• Jerri’s people (Barotse) lived here till 1836, [82], [121]
• Some walls at, similar to Barotse walls in Zimbabwe district, [426]
• Livouri Mountains, [9], [10]
• Niande Hill at, [10], [62], [69], [76]
• Louw, Rev. A. A., “Morgenster,” [53], [81]
• Lovugwe country, [11]
• Lumbo Rocks, [8]
• Described, [52]
• Stones from, [180]
• Lumbo kraal, [88]
• Madagascar, its early relations with the Jews, [xxxvii]
• Magdoshu kingdom, [xxvi]
• Mahobohobo trees, [53], [60], [79], [155]
• Majerri Ruins, [65], [73]
• Makalanga “People of the Sun,” [80–101]
• Appearance of, [2], [6]
• Feasts of full moon, [16–24]
• Feasts of new moon, [27]
• Dread of ruins at night, [19]
• Labourers, [31–50]
• Letter-runners, [33]
• Dual character, [38]
• Defilement by touching dead, [43]
• I’daha smokers, [45]
• Doro drinkers, [45], [46]
• Talking distances, [47]
• Blood-cupping, [55]
• Sunday, [46]
• Mystic Bar, [57]
• Chibfuko Hill, veneration of, [59]
• Will not disclose ruins, [68]
• Light-skinned boy, [73]
• Women’s skin pattern, [74], [96]
• Where found to-day, [81]
• Language polished, [81]
• Makalaka, a nickname for, [81], [90]
• Once a powerful nation, [80]
• At Zimbabwe, sixteenth century, [80]
• Excellent stone-builders, [82], [151]
• Used ruins as cattle kraals, [83]
• Barbosa, refers to, [123], [132], [133]
• Check pattern on huts, [74]
• Name for Elliptical Temple, [85]
• Idea of origin of ruins, [85], [86]
• Agricultural and pastoral people, [89], [95]
• Intellectual and physical superiority of, [89]
• Contact with Portuguese, [90]
• Totem of Zimbabwe, [90]
• Objects of veneration, [91]
• Insects eaten by, [92]
• Astronomical ideas, [92]
• Sacrifices by, [93], [259], [270]
• Burial customs, [94], [95]
• Manufactures, [95]
• Dress, [96]
• Witchcraft, [97]
• Harmony, [97]
• Proverbs, [98]
• Whorls, [99]
• Salutations, [100]
• Jewish customs, [100], [101]
• Of 1514 bartered gold for brass, [123]
• Pottery, [40], [41], [129], [130]
• Occupied Elliptical Temple until sixty years ago, [254]
• Makuma Kopje, [9], [26], [32], [33], [160]
• Mamba, or Mombo, old dynastic title of Barotse chiefs, [82]
• Manamuli’s kraal, [72]
• Mandarali’s kraal, [65]
• Mandindindi’s Ruin, [71]
• Mangwa (Morgenster), [84]
• Mapaku Ruins (“Little Zimbabwe”), [7], [11], [60], [63], [292], [428–432]
• Mapaku kraal, [70]
• Mapudzi Stream, [7], [59], [61], [66]
• Marosie. See Barotse.
• Marota’s kraal, [72]
• Marsgi Hill (one of “Sheba’s Breasts”), [11], [66], [69]
• Mashona, derivation of, [80]
• Masua’s kraal, [63], [95]
• Masungye, [84]
• Mauch, Dr. Karl, German scientist, [9], [62], [185], [242], [243], [270]
• Mauch Ruins, [392–396]
• Maund Ruins, “find” at, [110]
• Description of, [383–386]
• Matgwain, a Barotse, [59]
• Mazanda (East Kopje), [64]
• Mazili River, [72]
• Meziro River, [71], [72]
• Middle Kopje (Chamananga), [56]
• Milton, Sir W. H., [xxx]
• Mogabe, the, Handisibishe, [2], [6], [39], [40], [42], [83], [84], [85], [279]
• His kraal, [16]
• Mogabe, the late, Chipfuno, [6], [55], [84], [218], [279], [333], [355]
• Mogabe, the late, Molinye, [84]
• Mogabe, the late, Mokomo, [312]
• Mogoma’s kraal, [62], [63]
• Mojejèje (Mystic Bar), [55], [57]
• Molembo Tribe, their Jewish customs, [101]
• Metal smiths, [111]
• Monomotapa, the, [80], [85]
• Kapranzine (1620), [133]
• Pedro (1643), [133], [280]
• “Morgenster Mission,” [52]
• Moro! salutation, origin of, [100]
• Moscha, a port of “Ophir,” [67]
• Moshagashi Valley, [1], [11]
• Moshagashi River, [10], [51], [69]
• Mowishawasha Valley, [8], [53]
• Mowishawasha Hill, [10], [54], [59]
• Motelekwe River, derivation of, [7], [9], [11], [53], [54], [60], [125], [291]
• Motuminshaba Hill, [11]
• Motumi (a Barotse headman), [58]
• His kraal, [58], [59], [63]
• Motusa (Bentberg), [7], [8]
• M’Tijeni’s kraal, [11]
• M’Tima’s kraal, [10]
• M’uali (the chief spirit; in some districts the prophet of the Deity), [19], [94]
• Müller, Professor, on Zimbabwe, [193]
• Munda (a Makalanga headman), [73], [74]
• Mystic Bar. See Mojejèje
• N’Djena Valley, [53]
• Neal, the late W. G., co-author of The Ancient Ruins of Rhodesia, [82]
• Niande Hill (Livouri), [10]
• Nini country, near Zimbabwe, [9], [61], [62], [84], [85], [95]
• No. 1 Ruins, location of, [8], [19]
• Description of, [398–410]
• North-East Passage, discovered by author in 1902, [273], [274]
• Omar l’Wardi (circa 1200 a.d.) on gold of S.E. Africa, [123]
• Ophir, not a gold land but a gold mart, [xxxii]
• Is identified by Oppert with Tharshish, [xlii]
• Dr. Keane, author of The Gold of, [5]
• Oppert, Professor G., his solution of the “Tharshish-Ophir” problem examined, [xlii-xliii]
• Outer Defence Wall, [210], [358], [410]
• Outer Parallel Passage, [274], [275]
• Outspan Ruins, [279]
• Described, [358–362]
• Output of gold, ancient, [292]
• Paphos, embossed cylinder from, compared with one from Great Zimbabwe, [xxxix]
• Pasosa Ruins, [10]
• Passages, [xx], [156–162]
• At Elliptical Temple—
• Parallel Passage, [246–250]
• Inner Parallel Passage, [267], [268]
• South Passage, [269–271]
• West Passage, [272], [273]
• No. 10 Enclosure Passage, [256]
• Passages outside Elliptical Temple—
• Outer Parallel Passage, [274], [275]
• N.E. Passage, [273], [274], [390]
• Passages on Zimbabwe Hill—
• S.E. ascent, [279–294]
• Central Passage, [321], [322]
• Sunken Passage (Eastern Temple), [332]
• South Cave Passage, [319]
• Covered Passage, [307]
• Parallel Passage, [308]
• Winding Stairs, [316]
• Upper Passage, [316]
• East Passage, [316], [317]
• Buttress Passage, [317], [318]
• South Passage, [320]
• Pattern Passage, [338], [339]
• N.W. ascent, [344–349]
• In Minor Ruins—
• Outspan Ruins, [360], [361]
• Ridge Ruins, [413], [414]
• No. 1 Ruins, [402], [406]
• In Valley of Ruins—
• N.E. Passage, [390]
• Bent’s Passage, [395]
• Posselt Ruins, [370–372]
• Philips Ruins, [381]
• Maund Ruins, [384]
• Mauch Ruins, [393], [395]
• Renders Ruins, [390], [391]
• Near Zimbabwe—
• Mapaku Ruins, [430]
• Pedro, the Monomotapa in 1643, [133]
• Petrie, Professor Dr., Egyptologist, opinion on pattern on bowl, [110]
• On calcedony beads, [126]
• Phalli, [104]
• Phœnicia, [xxxvii], [xxxix], [xl], [213], [245]
• Philips, George, elephant hunter from Natal, [9], [62]
• Philips Ruins, [103], [105], [107], [108], [376–383]
• Plunket, Hon. E. M., on the Babylonian Calendar and Zodiac, [xxxviii]
• Posselt, The Brothers, big-game hunters, resided at Zimbabwe, 1888–9, [7]
• Camp at, [8]
• Visited Majerri ruins, [74]
• Discover “Fuko-ya-Nebandge,” [86], [87]
• Soapstone birds, [333]
• Posselt Ruins, [366–375]
• Pottery, Barotse, [129]
• Makalanga, [129], [130]
• Of uncertain date, [130], [131], [132], [436]
• Providential Pass, [9]
• Relics and “finds” at Zimbabwe (1902–1904)—
• Inventory of, [442], [448]
• Descriptions of, [102–134]
• Positions and associations of “finds,” sections of floors, [103], [134]
• Soapstone articles, [104–111], [333]
• Gold articles, [111–115]
• Copper articles, [115], [116]
• Iron articles, [116], [123]
• Brass articles, [123], [124]
• Foreign stones, [124–126]
• Glass, pottery, and china, [127–132]
• Mediæval Arab articles, [132–134]
• Arabian glass, [128]
• Arabian pottery, [131]
• Venetian glass, [127]
• Tin, [116]
• Renders, Adam, “Sa-adama,” ivory trader, rediscoverer of Zimbabwe, [9]
• Camp at Zimbabwe, [9]
• Camp at Nini, [9]
• Cave at Chicagomboni, [61]
• Death, [62]
• Renders Ruins, [386–391]
• Ridge Ruins, location of, [8]
• Description of, [410–414]
• Rock Holes Path, [190], [312]
• Rugutsi Kopje, [54]
• Rumeni Ruin, [71]
• Rushumbi Hill, [72]
• Rusinga Rocks, [69]
• Rusingu, native name for Elliptical Temple, [85]
• Rusivanga Kopje, derivation of, [9]
• References to, [125], [137], [189]
• Ruins on, [424]
• “Sa-adama.” See Renders
• Sabæans (Himyarites) of South Arabia, worshipped Almaquah (Venus, Ashtaroth), [108]
• As original builders, [136]
• Parallelisms with Sabæan architecture, [193], [194]
• Sabi (Sabæ, Saba) River, no native derivation, [67]
• Ruins in Sabi Valley, [197], [291]
• Salutations, native, [100]
• Sana, South Arabia, its decorative art compared with that of the Rhodesian monuments, [xxxvi]
• Sanuto, Livio (1588), [132]
• Sayce, Dr. A. H., on the Ophir of Scriptures, [xxxii]
• On the Babylonian Zodiac, [xxxix]
• Schlichter, Dr., German archæologist, [7]
• Camp at Zimbabwe, [7]
• References to, [198]
• On Conical Tower, [245], [246]
• On centres of arc walls, [304]
• On the Zimbabwe Zodiac, [xxxviii]
• Schlichter Gorge, [7], [11]
• Description of, [60], [61], [64]
• Selous, Mr. F. C., big-game hunter, on moulds, [110], [151]
• “Sheba’s Breasts.” See Marsgi and Sueba
• Skarduza’s kraal, [72]
• Soapstone beams, [104–106]
• Birds, [106–108]
• Position of birds, [106]
• Bowls, [108–111]
• Ingot moulds, [110–111]
• Sofala, identified with Tharshish, [xxxii]
• Zimbabwe road to, [63], [67], [74]
• South Arabia, its terraced slopes, [xxxiv]
• South-East Ruins, [396], [397]
• Stanley, Sir H. H., on double iron gongs used in Upper Congo, [122]
• Step pattern, [339]
• Sueba Hill (one of “Sheba’s Breasts”), derivation and position, [11], [66], [72]
• Suku Dingle, [56], [187]
• Swan, the late M. W., explorer of Zimbabwe, biographical notice of, [434], [436]
• Tchivi Kopje, [11]
• Thabas Imamba, [82], [91]
• Tharshish, probably the present Sofala, [xxxii]
• Identified by Oppert with “Ophir,” [xlii]
• Tokwe River, derivation of, [9]
• Valley of Ruins, the, [3], [363–397], [398–419]
• Varosie. See Barotse
• Veroma Range. See Beroma
• Victoria, township of, [1], [2], [10], [33], [41]
• Native names for, [99]
• Visitors to Zimbabwe, regulations, [433]
• Washa. See Mowishawasha
• Water Gate Ruins, [349–353]
• Welsh Bardic emblem (parallelism), [18], [96]
• “West Wall controversy,” [xxiv-xxvii]
• White, M.E., Mr. Franklin (Bulawayo), [xxx]
• Whorls, soapstone, [111]
• Pottery, [127]
• Willoughby, Sir John, [xv]
• On extent of Great Zimbabwe Ruins, [xxxiii]
• Explorations, [8], [135], [137], [170], [190], [191], [222], [234], [400], [414]
• Wilson, Major Alan, grave at Zimbabwe, [5], [8], [19]
• Removal of remains, [5]
• Wuwuli Village and Caves, [54]
• Yemen, South Arabia, [15], [293]
• Zimbabwe, The Great—
• Derivation of, [1], [85]
• Author’s arrival at, [1], [2]
• Lord Milner’s visit, [2]
• Dr. K. Mauch at, [9]
• Bent’s camp at, [3]
• Dr. Schlichter at, [7]
• Posselt Brothers reside at, [7], [8]
• Willoughby’s camp, [8]
• Adam Renders’ camp, [9]
• George Philips’ camp, [9]
• Reserve, map of, [3]
• Ruins’ area, plan of, [7]
• Bentberg, [7]
• Makuma Kopje, [9]
• Arab station at, [132–184]
• Zimbabwe creeper, [4], [78], [147]
• Zimbabwe Hill, [2], [276–362]
• Zimbabwe revival, [xxix]
• Zimbabwe, Sofala Road, [63], [74]
• Zodiac, the Zimbabwe, its antiquity vindicated, [xxxviii]

FOOTNOTES: