Austen, E.E. The House-fly and Certain Allied Species as Disseminators of Enteric Fever Among the Troops in the Field. Jour. Roy. Army Med. Corps, June, 1904. Suggests that it may carry enteric fever and other diseases; method of control.
Felt, E.P. The Typhoid or House-fly and Disease. In 24th Rept. of State Ento. in N.Y. State Museum Bull., No. 455, 1909. A general discussion with complete bibliography.
Firth, R.H., and Horrocks, W.H. An Inquiry Into the Influence of Soil, Fabrics, and Flies in the Dissemination of Enteric Infection. Brit. Med. Jour., Vol. II, 1902, pp. 936–942. House-flies carry enteric bacilli. They may pass through digestive tract and remain virulent.
Hamilton, Alice. The Fly as a Carrier of Typhoid. Jour. Amer. Med. Assn., 40, 1903, pp. 576–83. A study of a typhoid outbreak in Chicago gives good evidence that the flies were important factors in the spread of the disease.
Hewitt, C.G. The Biology of House-flies in Relation to Public Health. Royal Inst. Pub. Health Jour., Oct., 1908.
Howard, L.O. A contribution to the Study of the Insect Fauna of Human Excrement. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 2, 1900, pp. 541–600. Special reference to the house-fly and typhoid fever.
Howard, L.O. Flies and Typhoid. Pop. Sci. Mo., Jan., 1901, pp. 249–256. A popular account of several species of flies that may be concerned in carrying typhoid.
Klein, E. Flies as Carriers of B. typhus. Brit. Med. Jour., Oct. 17, 1908, pp. 1150–51. In cultures made from flies he found great numbers of B. coli communis and B. typhosus, showing that flies may carry these germs.
Martin, A. Flies in Relation to Typhoid and Summer Diarrhea. Public Health, 15, 1903, pp. 652–653. Believes that the house-fly is largely responsible for these diseases.