A Literary History of the Arabs

by Reynold Alleyne Nicholson

[681] The Chronology of Ancient Nations (London, 1879) and Alberuni's India (London, 1888).

[682] P. 384 sqq.

[683] The passages concerning the Ṣábians were edited and translated, with copious annotations, by Chwolsohn in his Ssabier und Ssabismus (St. Petersburg, 1856), vol. ii, p. 1-365, while Flügel made similar use of the Manichæan portion in Mani, seine Lehre und seine Schriften (Leipzig, 1862).

[684] Wellhausen, Das Arabische Reich, p. 350 seq.

[685] See Goldziher, Muhamm. Studien, Part II, p. 53 sqq.

[686] Ibid., p. 70 seq.

[687] Fragmenta Historicorum Arabicorum, ed. by De Goeje and De Jong, p. 298.

[688] There are, of course, some partial exceptions to this rule, e.g., Mahdí and Hárún al-Rashíd.

[689] See p. 163, note.

[690] Several freethinkers of this period attempted to rival the Koran with their own compositions. See Goldziher, Muhamm. Studien, Part II, p. 401 seq.