Chapter XVIII.
BIOGRAPHIES OF PROMINENT AERONAUTS.
The Wright Brothers—Santos-Dumont—Louis Bleriot—Gabriel Voisin—Leon Delagrange—Henri Farman—Robert Esnault-Pelterie—Count von Zeppelin—Glenn H. Curtiss—Charles K. Hamilton—Hubert Latham—Alfred Leblanc—Claude Grahame-White—Louis Paulhan—Clifford B. Harmon—Walter Brookins—John B. Moisant—J. Armstrong Drexel—Ralph Johnstone.
On January 1, 1909, it would have been a brief task to write a few biographical notes about the “prominent” aviators. At that date there were but five who had made flights exceeding ten minutes in duration—the Wright brothers, Farman, Delagrange, and Bleriot. At the close of 1910 the roll of aviators who have distinguished themselves by winning prizes or breaking previous records has increased to more than 100, and the number of qualified pilots of flying machines now numbers over 300. The impossibility of giving even a mention of the notable airmen in this chapter is apparent, and the few whose names have been selected are those who have more recently in our own country come into larger public notice, and those of the pioneers whose names will never lose their first prominence.
THE WRIGHT BROTHERS.
The Wright Brothers have so systematically linked their individual personalities in all their work, in private no less than in public, that the brief life story to be told here is but one for them both. In fact, until Wilbur went to France in 1908, and Orville to Washington, the nearest approach to a separation is illustrated by a historic remark of Wilbur’s to an acquaintance in Dayton, one afternoon: “Orville flew 21 miles yesterday; I am going to beat that to-day.” And he did—by 3 miles.
Their early life in their home town of Dayton, Ohio, was unmarked by significant incident. They were interested in bicycles, and at length went into the business of repairing and selling these machines.
Their attention seems to have been strongly turned to the subject of human flight by the death of Lilienthal in August, 1896, at which time the press published some of the results of his experiments. A magazine article by Octave Chanute, himself an experimenter with gliders, led to correspondence with him, and the Wrights began a series of similar investigations with models of their own building.
By 1900 they had succeeded in flying a large glider by running with a string, as with a kite, and in the following year they had made some flights on their gliders, of which they had several of differing types. For two years the Wrights studied and tested and disproved nearly every formula laid down by scientific works for the relations of gravity to air, and finally gave themselves up to discovering by actual trial what the true conditions were, and to the improvement of their gliders accordingly. Meanwhile they continued their constant personal practice in the air.
The most of this experimental work was done at Kitty Hawk, N. C.; for the reason that there the winds blow more uniformly than at any other place in the United States, and the great sand dunes there gave the Wrights the needed elevation from which to leap into the wind with their gliders. Consequently, when at last they were ready to try a machine driven by a motor, it was at this secluded spot that the first flights ever made by man with a heavier-than-air machine took place. On December 17, 1903, their first machine left the ground under its own power, and remained in the air for twelve seconds. From this time on progress was even slower than before, on account of the complications added by the motive power; but by the time another year had passed they were making flights which lasted five minutes, and had their machine in such control that they could fly in a circle and make a safe landing within a few feet of the spot designated.
