THE AUTHOR.
CONTENTS.
| PART I. |
| A PLAIN TREATISE ON PRACTICAL SEAMANSHIP. |
| CHAP. I.—General Rules and Observations, pages [13—18.] Construction of vessels, 13. Tonnage and carriage of merchant vessels, 14. Proportions of spars, 14. Placing the masts, 16. Size of anchors and cables, 16. Lead-lines, 17. Log-line, 17. Ballast and lading, 18. |
| CHAP. II.—Cutting and fitting Standing Rigging, [19—25.] Cutting lower rigging, 19. Fitting lower rigging, 20. Cutting and fitting topmast rigging, 21. Jib, topgallant and royal rigging, 21. Ratling, 23. Standing rigging of the yards, 23. Breast-backstays, 25. |
| CHAP. III.—Fitting and reeving Running Rigging, [26—29.] To reeve a brace, 26. Fore, main, and cross-jack braces, 26. Fore and main topsail braces, 26. Mizzen topsail braces, 27. Fore, main, and mizzen topgallant and royal braces, 27. Halyards, 27. Spanker brails, 28. Tacks, sheets, and clewlines, 28. Reef-tackles, clew-garnets, buntlines, leechlines, bowlines, and slablines, 29. |
| CHAP. IV.—To rig Masts and Yards, [30—36.] Taking in lower masts and bowsprit, 30. To rig a bowsprit, 31. To get the tops over the mast-heads, 31. To send up a topmast, 31. To get on a topmast cap, 32. To rig out a jib-boom, 32. To cross a lower yard, 33. To cross a topsail yard, 33. To send up a topgallant mast, 34. Long, short, and stump topgallant masts, 34. To rig out a flying jib-boom, 34. To cross a topgallant yard, 35. To cross a royal yard, 35. Skysail yards, 35. |
| CHAP. V.—To send down Masts and Yards, [36—38.] To send down a royal yard, 36. To send down a topgallant yard, 37. To send down a topgallant mast, 37. To house a topgallant mast, 37. To send down a topmast, 37. To rig in a jib-boom, 38. |
| CHAP. VI.—Bending and unbending Sails, [38—42.] To bend a course, 38. To bend a topsail by the halyards, 39;—by the buntlines, 40. To bend topgallant sails and royals, 40. To bend a jib, 40. To bend a spanker, 41. To bend a spencer, 41. To unbend a course, 41. To unbend a topsail, 41. To unbend a topgallant sail or royal, 41. To unbend a jib, 41. To send down a topsail or course in a gale of wind, 42. To bend a topsail in a gale of wind, 42. To bend one topsail or course and send down the other at the same time, 42. |
| CHAP. VII.—Work upon Rigging. Rope, Knots, Splices, Bends,
Hitches, [43—53.] Yarns, strands, 43. Kinds of rope—cable-laid, hawser-laid, 43. Spunyarn, 44. Worming, parcelling, and service, 44. Short splice, 44. Long splice, 45. Eye splice, 45. Flemish eye, 45. Artificial eye, 46. Cut splice, 46. Grommet, 46. Single and double walls, 46. Matthew Walker, 47. Single and double diamonds, 47. Spritsail sheet knot, 47. Stopper knot, 47. Shroud and French shroud knots, 48. Buoy-rope knot, 48. Turk's head, 48. Two half-hitches, clove hitch, overhand knot, and figure-of-eight, 48. Standing and running bowlines, and bowline upon a bight, 49. Square knot, 49. Timber hitch, rolling hitch, and blackwall hitch, 49. Cat's paw, 50. Sheet bend, fisherman's bend, carrick bend, and bowline bend, 50. Sheep-shank, 50. Selvagee, 50. Marlinspike hitch, 50. To pass a round seizing, 51. Throat seizing, 51. Stopping and nippering, 51. Pointing, 51. Snaking and grafting, 52. Foxes, Spanish foxes, sennit, French sennit, gaskets, 52. To bend a buoy-rope, 52. To pass a shear-lashing, 52. |
| CHAP. VIII.—Blocks and Purchases, [53—55.] Parts of a block, made and morticed blocks, 53. Bull's-eye, dead-eye, sister-block, 53. Snatch-block, tail-blocks, 54. Tackles—whip, gun-tackle, luff-tackle, luff-upon-luff, runner-tackle, watch-tackle, tail-tackle, and burtons, 54. |
| CHAP. IX.—Making and taking in Sail, [55—67.] To loose a sail, 55. To set a course, 55. To set a topsail, 56. To set a topgallant sail or royal, 56. To set a skysail, 56. To set a jib, flying jib, or fore topmast staysail, 56. To set a spanker, 57. To set a spencer, 57. To take in a course, 57. To take in a topsail, 57. To take in a topgallant sail or royal, 58. To take in a skysail, 58. To take in a jib, 58. To take in a spanker, 58. To furl a royal, 59. To furl a topgallant sail, 60. To furl a topsail or course, 60. To furl a jib, 60. To stow a jib in cloth, 61. To reef a topsail, 61. To reef a course, 62. To turn out reefs, 63. To set a topgallant studdingsail, 63. To take in a topgallant studdingsail, 64. To set a topmast studdingsail, 65. To take in a topmast studdingsail, 66. To set a lower studdingsail, 66. To take in a lower studdingsail, 67. |
| CHAP. X.—General Principles of working a Ship, [68—71.] Action of the water upon the rudder; headway, sternway, 68. Action of the wind upon the sails; head sails, after sails, 69. Centre of gravity or rotation, 70. Turning a ship to or from the wind, 70. |
| CHAP. XI.—Tacking, Wearing, Boxing, &c., [71—77.] To tack a ship, 71. To tack without fore-reaching, 73. Tacking against a heavy head sea, 73. Tacking by hauling off all, 73. To trim the yards when close-hauled, 73. Missing stays, 74. Wearing, 74. To wear under courses, under a mainsail, under bare poles, 75. Box-hauling, 75. Short-round, 76. Club-hauling, 76. Drifting in a tide way, 76. Backing and filling in a tide-way, 77. Clubbing in a tide-way, 77. |
| CHAP. XII.—Gales of Wind, Lying-to, Getting aback, By the Lee,
&c., [78—81.] Lying-to, 78. Scudding, 79. To heave-to after scudding, 79. Taken aback, 79. Chappelling, 80. Broaching-to, 80. Brought by the lee, 80. |
| CHAP. XIII.—Accidents, [81—84.] On beam-ends, 81. Losing a rudder, 82. A squall, 83. A man overboard, 83. Collision, 84. |
| CHAP. XIV.—Heaving-to by Counter-bracing, Speaking, Sounding,
Heaving the Log, [84—87.] Counter-bracing, 84. Speaking, 85. Sounding, 85. Heaving the log, 86. |
| CHAP. XV.—Coming to Anchor, [87—90.] Getting ready for port, 87. Mooring, 88. A flying moor, 89. Clearing hawse, 89. To anchor with a slip-rope, 89. To slip a cable, 90. Coming-to at a slipped cable, 90. |
| CHAP. XVI.—Getting under Way, [91—95.] Unmoor, 91. To get under way from a single anchor, 91. To cat and fish an anchor, 92. To get under way with the wind blowing directly out and riding head to it, 92. To get under way, riding head to the wind, with a rock or shoal close astern, 93. To get under way riding head to wind and tide, and to stand out close-hauled, 93. To get under way wind-rode, with a weather tide, 94. To get under way tide-rode, casting to windward, 94. To get under way tide-rode, wearing round, 94. |
| A DICTIONARY OF SEA TERMS, [96—130.] |
| PART II. |
| CUSTOMS AND USAGES OF THE MERCHANT SERVICE. |
| CHAP. I.—The Master, [131—138.] Beginning of the voyage, 131. Shipping the crew, 132. Outfit, provisions, 132. Watches, 133. Navigation, 134. Log-book, observations, 134. Working ship, 135. Day's work, 136. Discipline, 137. |
| CHAP. II.—The Chief Mate, [138—146.] Care of rigging and ship's furniture, 138. Day's work, 139. Working ship, 139. Getting under way, 139. Coming to anchor, 140. Reefing and furling, 140. Duties in port, account of cargo, stowage, 141. Station, watch, and all-hands duties, 142. Log-book, navigation, 145. |
| CHAP. III.—Second and Third Mates, [146—153.] Second Mate.—Navigation, 146. Station; watch duties, 147. Day's work, 147, 149. Working ship, 148, 150. Reefing, furling, and duties aloft, 148. Care of ship's furniture, 151. Stores, 151. Duties in port, 152. Third Mate, 152, 153. |
| CHAP. IV.—Carpenter, Cook, Steward, &c., [153—158.] Carpenter.—Working ship, 153. Seaman's work, helm, duty aloft, station, 154. Work at his trade, 154. Berth and mess, 154. Standing watch, 154. Sailmaker 155. Steward.—Duty in passenger-ships, 156. In other vessels, 156. Relation to master and mate; duty aloft and about decks; working ship, 156. Cook.—Berth, watch and all-hands duty; care of galley; duty aloft, 157. Idlers, 157. |
| CHAP V.—Able Seamen, [158—163.] Grades, 158. Rating, 158. Requisites of an able seaman, 159. Hand, reef, and steer, 159. Work upon rigging, 160. Sailmaking, 160. Day's work, 160. Working ship; reefing; furling, 161. Watch duty, 162. Coasters and small vessels, 162. |
| CHAP. VI.—Ordinary Seamen, [163—165.] Requisites, 163. Hand, reef, and steer; loose, furl, and set sails; reeve rigging, 163. Work upon rigging, 164. Watch duty, 164. |
| CHAP. VII.—Boys, [165—167.] Requisites, wages, 165. Day's work; working ship; duties aloft and about decks, 166. |
| CHAP. VIII.—Miscellaneous, [167—174.] Watches, 167. Calling the watch, 168. Bells, 169. Helm, 170. Answering, 171, (at helm, 170.) Discipline, 172. Stations, 173. Food, sleep, &c., 173. |
| PART III. |
| LAWS RELATING TO THE PRACTICAL DUTIES OF MASTER AND MARINERS. |
| CHAP. I.—The Vessel, pages [175—179.] Title, 175. Registry, enrolment and license, 175. Certificate of registry or enrolment, 177. Passport, 177. Sea letter, list of crew, bill of health, clearance, manifest, invoice, bill of lading, charter-party, log-book, list of passengers and crew, list of sea-stores, 178. Medicine-chest, 178. National character of crew, 178. Provisions, 178. Passengers, 179. |
| CHAP. II.—Master's relation to Vessel and Cargo, [179—187.] Revenue duties and obligations, 179. List of crew, 179. Certified copy, 180. Certified copy of shipping articles, 180. Sea-letter, passport, list of passengers, manifest, sea-stores, 180, 181. Unloading, 180, 181. Post-office, 181. Forfeitures, 180, 181, 182. Report, 182. Coasting license, 182. Power to sell and pledge, 182. Keeping and delivering cargo, 185. Deviation, 185. Collision, 186. Pilot, 187. Wages and advances, 187. |
| CHAP. III.—Master's relation to Passengers and Officers,
[187, 188.] Treatment of passengers, 187. Removal of officers, 188. |
| CHAP. IV.—Master's relation to the Crew, [189—195.] Shipment, 189. Shipping articles, 189. Discharge, 190. Imprisonment, 191. Punishment, 192. Power of consuls as to punishment, 192, 193, 194. |
| CHAP. V.—Passengers, [195, 196.] Provisions, 195. Treatment, 195. Passage-money, 196. Deportment, 196. Services, 196. |
| CHAP. VI.—Mates and Subordinates, [197—201.] Mates included in 'crew,' 197. Removal, 197. Succession, 198. Log-book; wages; sickness, 198. Punishment, 199. Subordinates, 200. Pilots, 200. |
| CHAP. VII.—Seamen. Shipping Contract, [201—203.] Shipping contract, 201. Erasures and interlineations, 202. Unusual stipulations, 202. Violation of contract, 202. |
| CHAP. VIII.—Seamen—continued, [204—206.] Rendering on board, 204. Refusal to proceed, 204. Desertion or absence during the voyage, 205. Discharge, 206. |
| CHAP. IX.—Seamen—continued, [207—210.] Provisions, 207. Sickness, medicine-chest, 208. Hospital money, 209. Relief in foreign ports, 209. Protection, 210. |
| CHAP. X.—Seamen—continued, [210—214.] Punishment, 210. Revolt and mutiny, 211. Embezzlement, 213. Piracy, 214. |
| CHAP. XI.—Seamen's Wages, [214—220.] Wages affected by desertion or absence, 214;—by misconduct, 216;—by imprisonment, 217;—by capture, 218;—by loss of vessel or interruption of voyage, 218. Wages on an illegal voyage, 220. |
| CHAP. XII.—Seamen—concluded, [220—223.] Recovery of wages, 220. Remedies, 221. Time for commencing suits, 222. Interest on wages, 222. Salvage, 222. |
PLATE I.
THE SPARS AND RIGGING OF A SHIP.
INDEX OF REFERENCES.
| 1 | Head. | 45 | Main topmast cross-trees. | 89 | Main topgallant stay. |
| 2 | Head-boards. | 46 | Mizzen top. | 90 | Main royal stay. |
| 3 | Stem. | 47 | Mizzenmast cap. | 91 | Main lifts. |
| 4 | Bows. | 48 | Mizzen topmast cross-trees. | 92 | Main braces. |
| 5 | Forecastle. | 49 | Fore yard. | 93 | Main topsail lifts. |
| 6 | Waist. | 50 | Fore topsail yard. | 94 | Main topsail braces. |
| 7 | Quarter-deck. | 51 | Fore topgallant yard. | 95 | Main topgallant lifts. |
| 8 | Gangway. | 52 | Fore royal yard. | 96 | Main topgallant braces. |
| 9 | Counter. | 53 | Main yard. | 97 | Main royal lifts. |
| 10 | Stern. | 54 | Main topsail yard. | 98 | Main royal braces. |
| 11 | Tafferel. | 55 | Main topgallant yard. | 99 | Main rigging. |
| 12 | Fore chains. | 56 | Main royal yard. | 100 | Main topmast rigging. |
| 13 | Main chains. | 57 | Cross-jack yard. | 101 | Main topgallant rigging. |
| 14 | Mizzen chains. | 58 | Mizzen topsail yard. | 102 | Main topmast backstays. |
| 15 | Bowsprit. | 59 | Mizzen topgallant yard. | 103 | Main topgallant backstays. |
| 16 | Jib-boom. | 60 | Mizzen royal yard. | 104 | Main royal backstays. |
| 17 | Flying jib-boom. | 61 | Fore truck. | 105 | Cross-jack lifts. |
| 18 | Spritsail yard. | 62 | Main truck. | 106 | Cross-jack braces. |
| 19 | Martingale. | 63 | Mizzen truck. | 107 | Mizzen topsail lifts. |
| 20 | Bowsprit cap. | 64 | Fore stay. | 108 | Mizzen topsail braces. |
| 21 | Foremast. | 65 | Fore topmast stay. | 109 | Mizzen topgallant lifts. |
| 22 | Fore topmast. | 66 | Jib stay. | 110 | Mizzen topgal't braces. |
| 23 | Fore topgallant mast. | 67 | Fore topgallant stay. | 111 | Mizzen royal lifts. |
| 24 | Fore royal mast. | 68 | Flying-jib stay. | 112 | Mizzen royal braces. |
| 25 | Fore skysail mast. | 69 | Fore royal stay. | 113 | Mizzen stay. |
| 26 | Main mast. | 70 | Fore skysail stay. | 114 | Mizzen topmast stay. |
| 27 | Main topmast. | 71 | Jib guys. | 115 | Mizzen topgallant stay. |
| 28 | Main topgallant mast. | 72 | Flying-jib guys. | 116 | Mizzen royal stay. |
| 29 | Main royal mast. | 73 | Fore lifts. | 117 | Mizzen skysail stay. |
| 30 | Main skysail mast. | 74 | Fore braces. | 118 | Mizzen rigging. |
| 31 | Mizzen mast. | 75 | Fore topsail lifts. | 119 | Mizzen topmast rigging. |
| 32 | Mizzen topmast. | 76 | Fore topsail braces. | 120 | Mizzen topgal. shrouds. |
| 33 | Mizzen topgallant mast. | 77 | Fore topgallant lifts. | 121 | Mizzen topmast backstays. |
| 34 | Mizzen royal mast. | 78 | Fore topgallant braces. | 122 | Mizzen topgal'nt backstays. |
| 35 | Mizzen skysail mast. | 79 | Fore royal lifts. | 123 | Mizzen royal backstays. |
| 36 | Fore spencer gaff. | 80 | Fore royal braces. | 124 | Fore spencer vangs. |
| 37 | Main spencer gaff. | 81 | Fore rigging. | 125 | Main spencer vangs. |
| 38 | Spanker gaff. | 82 | Fore topmast rigging. | 126 | Spanker vangs. |
| 39 | Spanker boom. | 83 | Fore topgallant shrouds. | 127 | Ensign halyards. |
| 40 | Fore top. | 84 | Fore topmast backstays. | 128 | Spanker peak halyards. |
| 41 | Foremast cap. | 85 | Fore topgallant backstays. | 129 | Foot-rope to fore yard. |
| 42 | Fore topmast cross-trees. | 86 | Fore royal backstays. | 130 | Foot-rope to main yard. |
| 43 | Main top. | 87 | Main stay. | 131 | Foot-rope to cross-jack yard. |
| 44 | Mainmast cap. | 88 | Main topmast stay. |
