Hildreth's "Japan as It Was and Is": A Handbook of Old Japan, Volume 2 (of 2)

by Richard Hildreth

“To the sovereign and highest emperor and regent of the great empire of Japan, over subjects very submissive and obedient, the king of France wishes a long and happy life and a most prosperous reign:

“Many wars, carried on by my ancestors, the kings of France, and many victories gained by them, as well over their neighbors as over distant kingdoms, having been followed by profound peace, the merchants of my kingdom, who trade throughout Europe, have taken occasion very humbly to beg me to open for them the way into other parts of the world to sail and to trade thither like the other European nations; and I have the rather inclined to accede to their request, from its being seconded by the wishes of the princes and nobles among my subjects, and by my own curiosity to be exactly informed of the manners and customs of the great kingdoms exterior to Europe, of which we have hitherto known nothing but from the narratives of our neighbors who have visited the East. I have, therefore, to satisfy as well my own inclination as the prayers of my subjects, determined to send deputies into all the kingdoms of the East; and as my envoy to your high and sovereign majesty, I have selected Francis Caron, who understands Japanese, and who has many times had the honor of paying his respects to your majesty, and of audience from you. For that express purpose I have caused him to come into my kingdom, knowing him very well to be of good extraction, though by misfortunes of war stripped of his property; but re-established by me in his former condition, and even elevated in honor and dignity, to make him more worthy to approach your high and sovereign majesty with all due respect. An additional motive for selecting him was fear lest another person, from ignorance of the wise ordinances and customs established by your majesty, might do something in contravention of them, and so might fall under your majesty’s displeasure; whence I have judged the said Francis Caron the most capable to present my letter and my requests, with such solemnities as might secure for them the best reception on the part of your majesty, and to make known my good affection and my frank desire to grant to your sovereign majesty whatever you may ask of me, in return for the grant of what I ask: which is, that the merchants of my kingdoms, who have united themselves into a company, may have free commerce throughout your majesty’s empire, without trouble or hindrance. I send you the present of trifling value here noted.... I hope it may be agreeable to your majesty, and that some things useful to your majesty may be found in my country, of which I voluntarily leave open and free all the ports.

“At Paris, the twenty-fourth year of my reign [1666].

“The King Louis.”

Note.—What is said above of Caron’s good extraction, of his having lost his fortune by the chances of war, and of his re-establishment in his former position by the favor of the king, was, it is probable, merely intended to reconcile the Japanese to receiving as an envoy from the king of France a man whom they had known only in the—according to their ideas—low character of a Dutch merchant.

In the instructions drawn up for the bearer of this letter, the following curious directions were given as to the answer to be made to the inquiries of the Japanese on the topic of religion: “As to the article of religion you will say, that the religion of the French is of two kinds—one the same with that of the Spaniards, the other the same with that of the Dutch;[136] and that his majesty, knowing that the religion of the Spaniards is disliked in Japan, has given orders that those of his subjects who go thither shall be of the Dutch religion; that this distinction will be carefully attended to; and that no Frenchman will ever be found wishing to contravene the imperial orders.[137] Should they advance as an objection, that the king of France depends upon the Pope, like the king of Spain, you will answer, that he does not depend upon him; that the king of France acknowledges no superior, and that the nature of his dependence upon the Pope may easily be seen in what has happened within two years, in consequence of an outrage at Rome upon the person of his majesty’s ambassador. The Pope not making a sufficiently speedy reparation, his majesty had sent an array into Italy, to the great terror of all the Italian princes, and of the Pope himself, who sent a legate to him charged with the most humble and pressing supplications, whereby his majesty was induced to recall his troops, which already had encamped in the Pope’s territories. So that the king is not only sovereign and absolute in his own domain, but also gives the law to many other potentates; being a young prince, twenty-five years of age, valiant, wise, and more powerful than any of his ancestors; and, withal, so curious that, besides a particular knowledge of all Europe, he eagerly seeks to know the constitution of the other countries of the world.”

INDEX

• Abegawa, River, i., 385.
• Acorns, Edible, ii., [142].
• Acorus, ii., [124].
• Actors, i., 212, 360-365; ii., [160], [161].
• Acupuncture, ii., [145], [202].
• Adams, ——, ii., [345].
• Adams, Captain Robert, i., 240.
• Adams, Thomas, i., 172.
• Adams, William, i., 169-179, 192, 199-204, 206, 207, 210, 211, 213, 224, 225, 239, 240.
• Ainslie, Dr., ii., [208].
• “Ainu and their Folk-lore, The,” ii., [345].
• “Ainu of Japan, The,” ii., [345].
• Akechi Mitsuhide, i., 116, 117.
• Alcea rosea, ii., [124].
• Alcock, ——, ii., [345].
• Almeida, Louis, i., 93, 95, 96, 153, 165.
• Alphabets in use, i., 78; ii., [164].
• Alvarez, George, i., 38, 50.
• Ambassadors to the Pope, i., 103-115, 121, 122, 126, 128, 132.
• Ambergris, i., 329.
• Amboyna, Massacre of, i., 240, 241; ii., [355].
• “America in the East,” ii., [273].
• “American anchorage,” ii., [291].
• American relations with Japan. See United States’ relations with Japan.
• Amida, the god and his idols, i., 399; ii., [49], [65].
• Amiot, Père, i., 7.
• “Amœnitates Exoticae,” i., 289, 315.
• Amomum miōga, ii., [124].
• Anas galericulata, ii., [135].
• Ancestor worship, ii., [188].
• Anderson, W., ii., [345].
• Angelis, Jerome de, i., 220, 265.
• Animals and birds eaten for food, i., 54, 75, 187; ii., [135];
• those not eaten, ii., [253].
• Anise-tree, i., 401; ii., [126].
• Anjirō, i., 38, 39, 41, 49-54, 82, 359.
• “Annales des Voyages,” ii., [349].
• “Annals des Dairi,” ii., [89].
• “Annals des Empereurs du Japon,” i., 257, 391; ii., [108], [165].
• “Annals of the Dairi,” i., 357.
• Apples, ii., [140].
• Arai, ii., [65], [70].
• Arai Hakuseki, ii., [112].
• Aratame, ii., [65].
• Architecture, domestic, i., 77, 187, 218, 339, 340, 390-392, 395; ii., [52], [63], [79], [129]-131, 306, 318-322.
• “Archives of Japan,” i., 8.
• Argonaut, English ship, ii., [191].
• Arima, King of, i., 98, 102, 126.
• Armies and soldiery, i., 59, 215, 258.
• Armor, i., 139.
• Arms, or mark, upon clothing, etc., i., 116, 188, 371, 373; ii., [17], [18], [285], [322].
• Artemisia, ii., [146].
• See also Wormwood.
• “Arts and Crafts of Old Japan,” ii., [345].
• Arum dracontium and esculentum, ii., [142].
• Asakawa, ——, ii., [345].
• “Asiatic Journal,” i., 195; ii., [46], [72], [108], [254], [352].
• Aston, W. G., i., 8, 145; ii., [199], [206], [345].
• Astronomers, ii., [143], [201], [223], [251].
• Asukagawa, River, i., 385.
• “Atlas Japonensis,” i., 266.
• Atotsuke, i., 370, 372.
• Atsuta (Miya), ii., [69].
• Audiences with emperor and princes, i., 175, 189-191, 217; ii., [55], [56], [60]-62, 85-104, 149-153, 331-334.
• Audsley, ——, and Bowes, ——, ii., [345].
• Austerities practised by both bonzes and Jesuits, i., 71, 88.
• Autographs of travellers, i., 218.
• Awa, Provinces of, ii., [283].
• Azuchiyama, i., 103, 116.
• Bacon, Miss, ii., [344].
• Baggage, i., 370-377.
• Baker, Edmund, i., 177.
• Baptiste, Father Pierre, i., 242.
• Barley, i., 76.
• Batchelor, John, ii., [345].
• Baths, ii., [9], [52], [134].
• Batoli, Father Daniel, i., 115.
• Bedding, ii., [5], [133], [156].
• Beechey, Captain, ii., [282].
• Beer, ii., [207].
• Beggars, ii., [23]-28, 58.
• Bell in Miyako temple, ii., [105], [108].
• Benriū, River, i., 385.
• Bent, Lieut., ii., [302].
• Bettelheim, Rev. B. J., ii., [266], [267].
• Biddle, Commodore, ii., [261]-265.
• Bidinger, Mr., ii., [300].
• Bikuni (nuns), ii., [23], [24].
• Binding of prisoners, ii., [214], [270].
• Bird, Miss, ii., [344].
• Birds eaten for food, ii., [135].
• Biscanio, Sebastian, i., 270.
• Biwa, Lake, ii., [63], [67].
• Black, ——, ii., [345].
• Blindness, ii., [29].
• Blomhoff, Herr, ii., [245], [247].
• Blomhoff, Mme., ii., [245].
• Blossom, English ship, ii., [282].
• Bonin Islands, ii., [282], [292].
• Books, i., 77; ii., [118], [123], [224].
• Bōshū (Awa) Province, ii., [283].
• “Botanical Magazine” (Curtis), ii., [125].
• Botany, i., 374, 375; ii., [123], [157], [162], [253].
• Bowes, ——, and Audsley, ——, ii., [345].
• Bowmen, ii., [149].
• Bramhall, Mrs., ii., [344].
• Brassica orientalis, ii., [124], [137].
• Breskens, Dutch ship (1643), i., 262-264.
• Bridges, i., 385; ii., [50], [51], [57], [58], [67], [78], [329].
• Brixiano, Father Organtino, i., 149.
• Broadcloth, English, i., 224.
• Broughton, Captain, i., 265; ii., [191].
• Brown, Mr., ii., [302].
• Buddha, The great, ii., [108].
• Buddhism, i., 65, 70-74, 139, 275-277, 342, 343; ii., [28], [65].
• Buddhist clergy, i., 72-74, 275-277, 342, 343; ii., [65].
• Buddhist temples (Tera), i., 71, 275, 342, 397, 398; ii., [65], [304].
• Buke (military nobility), i., 63.
• Buku, ii., [187].
• Bullocks, ii., [317].
• See also Oxen.
• Bungo, Kingdom of, i., 25-29, 34-36, 84-86, 93, 98, 102, 118-120, 124, 125, 145.
• Burger, Dr., ii., [252].
• Burial service, Jesuit, i., 88.
• Burrows, Silas E., ii., [312]-314.
• Burying-grounds, ii., [123], [296], [307], [316].
• “Bushido—The Soul of Japan,” ii., [344].
• Cabot, Sebastian, i., 167.
• Cabral, Father, i., 97, 98, 100-101.
• Cactus ficus, ii., [159].
• Caladium, ii., [142].
• Calendar, Japanese, i., 32, 357.
• California, ii., [276], [278].
• Call to arms, i., 34, 35.
• Cambodia River, ii., [354].
• Camellia sasankwa, ii., [125].
• Campbell, ——, i., 302; ii., [345].
• Campbell, Archibald, ii., [203].
• Camphor-tree, i., 76; ii., [46], [125], [250].
• Candles, ii., [38], [39].
• Canvas batteries, ii., [257].
• “Capital of the Tycoon, The,” ii., [345].
• Capsicum, ii., [124].
• “Captive of Love, A,” ii., [345].
• “Captivity in Japan,” i., 33.
• Carac of Macao, Cargo of, i., 153, 154, 269, 270.
• Card games, ii., [224].
• Caron, Francis, i., 224, 240, 243, 253-257, 260, 261, 266, 267, 273, 343, 352, 368, 373; ii., [16], [30], [46], [65], [135], [355], [365], [366].
• Carvilho, Father Valentine, i., 227, 242.
• Cassa, Heer, ii., [207], [209].
• Castles, i., 186, 392-394; ii., [48], [54], [58], [63], [69], [80]-83, 86-88.
• Castricoom, Dutch ship (1643), i., 262, 264, 265.
• Casuar, rare Batavian bird, i., 265, 368; ii., [53].
• Catechists, Native, i., 100, 127, 128, 231.
• Catholic Church in the East, i., 40, 41, 45-47, 65, 205, 235, 261, 267, 277, 396.
• See also Missionaries and Xavier, Francis.
• Cats, ii., [138], [253].
• Cavendish, Thomas, i., 167, 271.
• Cecille, Admiral, ii., [265].
• Cedar-trees, ii., [141].
• Celastrus alatus, ii., [124].
• Cevicos, Don Jean, i., 245, 246.
• Chamberlain, ——, ii., [345].
• Chaplin-Ayrton, Mrs., ii., [344].
• Charlevoix, Father, i., 20, 85, 101, 115, 154, 232, 246, 265, 290.
• Charms against evil spirits, ii., [323].
• Cherry-trees, ii., [10], [140].
• “Child Life in Japan,” ii., [344].
• Children, i., 259, 260, 353; ii., [41], [73], [121], [135], [211].
• China trade, i., 12, 270, 273-275, 277-281; ii., [111], [275], [276].
• “Chinese Repository,” ii., [254], [255], [258], [284].
• “Chiushingura, the Loyal League,” ii., [345].
• Chronicles, Japanese, i., 1, 64.
• Citrus tripoliata, ii., [142].
• Civility of Japanese, i., 287; ii., [34], [41].
• “Classical Poetry of the Japanese,” ii., [345].
• Clement, Ernest W., i., 78; ii., [343], [357], [360].
• Cleopatra, French frigate, ii., [265].
• Climate, ii., [162].
• Clocks, ii., [126], [251].
• Coal, ii., [311], [312].
• Cocks, Richard, i., 213, 223-225, 229, 234, 236, 239, 240; ii., [121], [122].
• Coimbra (Portugal) University, i., 45;
• Jesuit college, i., 46, 85.
• Coins and currency, i., 59, 60, 257, 272, 273, 277, 278, 322, 372; ii., [109]-111, 309-311, 337.
• “Coins of Japan, The,” ii., [310].
• Colbert, ——, i., 266, 368; ii., [355], [364].
• Colds and catarrh, ii., [134].
• Colewort, ii., [124].
• Colic, Treatment of, ii., [145].
• Collado, Father, i., 244-246.
• Columbus, American ship, ii., [261]-265, 283.
• Company of Jesus.
• See Order of Jesuits and Missionaries, Jesuit.
• Company’s Island, i., 124, 265.
• Compliments, i., 27.
• Concubines and courtesans, i., 260, 279, 292, 310, 340, 341, 356; ii., [23], [30], [120], [121], [175], [249].
• Conder, ——, ii., [7].
• Contee, Mr., ii., [284].
• “Contributions towards a Knowledge of the Japanese Empire,” ii., [247].
• Converts, native, i., 84, 85, 88, 94-98, 100, 102, 103, 118-121, 124-129, 134, 140, 141, 145, 155-158, 162-164, 195, 207, 211, 222, 227-234, 243-248, 267, 268.
• See also Missionaries.
• Cook-shops, ii., [12], [13].
• Cooper, Captain, ii., [260], [261].
• Copper, i., 329; ii., [159], [202], [203].
• Corean expedition, i., 128, 140, 141, 144, 145, 151, 162; ii., [108].
• Corvailho, Father.
• Same as Carvilho, Father Valentine.
• Couros, Father Matthew de, i., 159.
• Cows, ii., [137].
• Craftsmen segregate, i., 187, 217.
• Credit on accounts, ii., [127].
• Crucifixion, i., 156.
• Crusado, i., 17.
• Cuello, Father Gaspard, i., 102, 119, 126.
• Cupressus japonica, ii., [141].
• Cyprus, English brig, ii., [254].
• Daguerreotypes, ii., [302].
• Daibutsu Temple, ii., [106].
• Daifu-Sama.
• See Iyeyasu.
• Daikoku, i., 359.
• Dairi, or Mikado, i., 60-66; ii., [166], [167].
• Dale, Sir Thomas, i., 237, 238.
• Date Masamune, i., 204.
• Davidson, J. W., i., 302; ii., [345].
• Davis, pilot of Dutch vessel, i., 169, 177; ii., [353], [354].
• Dee-yee-no-skee, Japanese seaman, ii., [312]-314.
• De Jancigny, ——, ii., [254], [274], [277], [310].
• Dening, ——, i., 150.
• Deshima, Island of, i., 248, 262, 291-294; ii., [117].
• Devereux, Captain, ii., [194].
• Diana, Russian sloop, ii., [212], [226]-243, 324.
• “Diary of Richard Cocks,” i., 226, 267.
• Dick, Stewart, ii., [345].
• Dickins, ——, ii., [345].
• Dickson, ——, ii., [345].
• Dictionary, Japanese-Dutch, ii., [210].
• Dioscorea Japonica, ii., [124].
• Distance, Measures of, i., 382, 391; ii., [89].
• Dixon, ——, ii., [345].
• Doeff, Heer Hendrick, ii., [194]-212, 245.
• Dogs, ii., [138], [253].
• Dolichos polystachos, ii., [159].
• Dolichos soia, ii., [159].
• Dominicans in Japanese missions.
• See Missionaries, Catholic, other than Jesuit.
• Dosha powder, ii., [147].
• Dōshin, or imperial soldiers, i., 257, 346; ii., [223].
• Drake, Sir Francis, i., 167; ii., [351].
• Draughts, Game of, ii., [224], [225].
• Dress, i., 105, 210-212, 276, 375, 376; ii., [55], [56], [58], [143], [154]-156, 248, 285, 331, 332.
• Dress, ease of adjustment, ii., [9], [133], [156].
• Dresser, ——, ii., [345].
• Drinking, i., 343; ii., [39], [226].
• Dutch East India Company, i., 169, 209, 238, 251-253, 261, 272, 283-336, 366; ii., [31]-41, 101, 109-111, 114-120, 122, 123, 126-129, 136, 139, 193-209, 245, 246.
• See also Dutch in Japan.
• Dutch in Japan, i., 165, 167-175, 177, 179, 181-185, 191, 192, 195-204, 206-209, 220, 221, 223, 228, 233-238, 240, 241, 251-256, 261-267, 271-273, 277-281, 284-301; ii., [274], [275], [325].
• See also Dutch East India Company.
• Dyosperos kaki, ii., [159].
• “Early Institutional Life of Japan,” ii., [345].
• “Early Study of Dutch in Japan, The,” ii., [210].
• Earthquakes, i., 77, 151, 391, 392; ii., [50], [85], [143], [173], [324].
• Eclipse, American ship, ii., [203].
• Eclipses, ii., [143], [223].
• Edicts, i., 395, 396.
• Edmund, English whaler, ii., [273].
• Education, i., 77, 88.
• Elephant, ii., [209], [223].
• Elgin, Lord, ii., [335].
• Eliza, American ship, ii., [193], [194].
• Elserak, Dutch director, i., 264.
• Embassy to Washington, ii., [335]-339.
• Emperor, Castle of, ii., [80]-83, 86-91, 148-153.
• Emperors, Chronology of, ii., [158], [166], [360], [361].
• Empress, ii., [91].
• English East India Company, i., 178, 219, 220, 225, 236-241, 267.
• See also English in the East.
• English in the East, i., 167, 169, 175, 178, 179, 207-209, 219-221, 228, 230, 233-240, 278; ii., [246], [259], [260], [272], [273], [323], [324], [335].
• See also English East India Company.
• Enoshima, Island of, ii., [74].
• “Essay on the Commerce of Japan,” ii., [274].
• Everett, Hon. Edward, ii., [280].
• “Evolution of the Japanese, The,” ii., [344].
• “Examiner” (London), ii., [259].
• Executions and tortures, i., 156, 214, 246, 247, 333-335, 349, 353, 354, 396; ii., [75].
• Eye diseases, ii., [29], [123].
• Fans, i., 376.
• Farming class, ii., [159].
• “Fauna Japonica,” ii., [253].
• Feith, M., ii., [157].
• Fernandes, Jean, i., 52.
• Ferreyra, Father Christopher, i., 247, 248, 264.
• Ferry-boats, i., 385.
• Festivals, i., 69, 223, 224, 356-365; ii., [188], [189], [225], [226].
• “Feudal and Modern Japan,” ii., [344].
• Figara peperita, ii., [124].
• Figure-treading, Ceremony of, i., 298, 352, 396; ii., [128], [271].
• Fillmore, President, ii., [276]-281.
• Firearms, i., 24, 25, 33; ii., [149], [224], [346]-348.
• Fire-extinguishers, i., 367; ii., [52], [79], [303].
• Fire-flies, ii., [158].
• Firemen, ii., [76], [79], [200].
• Fires, i., 77; ii., [70], [71], [78], [79], [143], [173], [200], [303], [321].
• Fir-trees, ii., [141].
• Fischer, ——, i., 33.
• Fiscus pumila and erecta, ii., [124].
• Fishermen, i., 214; ii., [213].
• Fisscher, Herr, ii., [210], [247]-250.
• Fitch, Ralph, i., 269, 270; ii., [351], [352].
• “Flora Japonica” (Siebold and Zaccarini), ii., [253].
• “Flora Japonica” (Thunberg), ii., [162].
• Floris, ——, ii., [354].
• Flower-arrangements, ii., [7].
• Flute, ii., [315].
• Food, i., 54, 75, 76, 187, 216, 286, 343; ii., [12], [13], [38], [75], [98], [99], 102-104, 126, 127, 140, 159, 215, 217, 220, 317, 318, 333, 334.
• Foot-coverings, ii., [142].
• Fords, i., 384, 385.
• Foreigners, Antipathy to, i., 214.
• Forestry regulations, i., 381.
• Formosa, i., 252-255, 262, 271, 274, 302; ii., [355].
• “Formosa under the Dutch,” i., 302; ii., [345].
• Fowls, Domestic, ii., [138].
• Foxes, i., 75; ii., [42], [43].
• Franciscans in Japanese missions.
• See Missionaries, Catholic, other than Jesuit.
• Franklin, American ship, ii., [194].
• “Free Press” (Serampore), ii., [265].
• French East India Company, i., 266.
• French in Japanese affairs, i., 266; ii., [265], [335].
• Frisius, of the Dutch East India Company, i., 265, 266.
• Froez, Father Louis, i., 95, 96, 131, 133, 141, 159, 165, 266; ii., [38].
• “Frog-in-a-well” policy, ii., [170], [171], [193].
• “From Far Formosa,” ii., [345].
• Fruits, ii., [140], [159].
• Fuchū, i., 25, 27, 35, 36.
• Fucus saccharinus, ii., [140].
• Fujigawa, River, i., 385; ii., [72].
• Fuji-jedagawa, River, i., 385.
• Fuji-no-Yama, ii., [72], [141], [286], [328].
• Funeral customs, ii., [183]-189.
• Furniture and interiors, i., 340, 391, 392; ii., [4]-8, 52, 55, 62, 130, 131, 133, 303, 330.
• Fushimi, i., 140, 151, 215; ii., [58].
• Gago, Balthaza, i., 87, 90, 93.
• Galvano, Antonio, i., 13, 14, 40, 41, 56.
• Gardenia Florida, ii., [142].
• Gardens, i., 194; ii., [10]-12, 52, 82, 322.
• Gate Guard, Nagasaki, i., 312.
• “Gate of the two kings,” ii., [108].
• Gaubil, Father, i., 8.
• Gege (plebeians), i., 62.
• Geisenger, Captain, 266.
• “Genji Monogatari,” ii., [345].
• Gin, ii., [206].
• Ginseng, ii., [118].
• “Glimpse at the Art of Japan, A,” ii., [345].
• “Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan,” ii., [344].
• Globe, English ship, ii., [354].
• Globius (Takaro Sampei), ii., [201], [222], [223], [239], [248].
• Glyn, Commander, ii., [266]-269, 271.
• Gnecchi, Father, i., 97, 103, 119, 146, 155, 159, 164.
• Goa, i., 12, 38, 41, 48; ii., [350]-353.
• Godō, i., 277.
• Goede Frouw, Dutch ship, ii., [206].
• Go-kirai (The Tenza), i., 164.
• Golownin, Vassili, i., 21, 22, 33, 59, 66, 124, 162, 221, 265; ii., [140], [159], [200], [208], [212]-244, 246.
• Gomez, Father, i., 126.
• Gongen-Sama (Iyeyasu, which see), i., 230.
• Gordon, Captain, ii., [246].
• Goseman, ——, ii., [205].
• Gotō Shōzaburō, treasurer to Emperor Hashiba, i., 199, 200.
• Governors of Nagasaki, i., 347.
• Gowns presented to Company, ii., [104], [154];
• to U. S. Consul, ii., [333].
• Griffis, William Elliot, i., 74; ii., [273], [324], [344].
• Gros, Baron, ii., [335].
• Grote, George, i., 275.
• Gruy, ——, ii., [345].
• “Guitar” (samisen), ii., [315].
• Gulick, Sidney, ii., [344].
• Gusman, Father Luys de, i., 115, 131.
• Gutzlaff, Mr., ii., [255].
• Gysbert (or Guysbert), Roger, i., 243, 244, 352, 354.
• Hackluyt’s translations, i., 14, 122, 150, 152, 165, 177, 178, 270; ii., [350], [351].
• Hagenaar, ——, i., 247, 253-255, 261, 343; ii., [355].
• Hagendorp, Heer, ii., [196].
• Hair, Manner of wearing, ii., [147], [148].
• Hakata, Island of Shimo, i., 82, 213, 214.
• Hakodate, Island of Matsumae, i., 221; ii., [191], [213], [216], [305], [306].
• Hakone pass, ii., [65], [73], [141], [328].
• Hamamatsu, ii., [70].
• Hamilton, Dr., ii., [316].
• Hanashikimi (anise-tree), i., 401.
• See also Shikimi.
• “Handbook of Modern Japan, A,” i., 78; ii., [343], [357], [360].
• Handkerchiefs, ii., [155].
• Harada Kiyemon, i., 134, 135, 142, 148.
• Hara-kiri, i., 78, 79, 229, 260.
• Harbors, i., 386, 387.
• “Harper’s Magazine,” i., 166.
• Harris, Mrs., ii., [345].
• Harris, Townsend, ii., [325]-335.
• Hartman, S., ii., [345].
• Hartshorne, Miss, ii., [344].
• Hashiba (Taikō-Sama), i., 117-121, 123, 124, 126-144, 147-151, 155, 158-161, 193; ii., [54], [167].
• Hatch, Arthur, i., 240.
• Hawkins, Sir Richard and Sir John, i., 167.
• Hay’s (John) translations, i., 115, 132, 150, 165, 205.
• Healthfulness of houses, i., 392.
• Hearn, Lafcadio, ii., [344].
• Heating of houses, ii., [5], [6], [120], [131], [303], [321].
• Hecr, ——, ii., [346].
• Heine, Mr., ii., [302].
• Hemmi, Adams’s estate, i., 225, 240.
• Hemp, ii., [124].
• Heusken, Mr., ii., [328], [332].
• Hibiscus manihot, ii., [132].
• Hidetsugu (Kwambacudono), i., 140, 149.
• Hideyori, son of Taikō-Sama, i., 150, 161, 163, 197, 198, 229.
• “Hideyoshi’s Invasion of Korea,” i., 145.
• Hieizan, Mountain of, i., 98; ii., [67].
• Highways, i., 189, 216, 380-384; ii., [15], [16], [33], [123], [328], [329].
• Higo, Castle of, ii., [54].
• Hildreth, Richard, i., 10; ii., [364].
• Hiōgo, ii., [334].
• Hirado, i., 254, 261.
• Hirado, Prince of, i., 177, 184, 185, 196, 197, 210, 213.
• “His Pilgrimes” (or “His Pilgrimage”), i., 177, 178, 220, 225, 232; ii., [354].
• “Hist. Gen. des Voyages,” i., 198.
• “Histoire de la Dynastie des Mongoux,” i., 8.
• “Histoire du Japon,” i., 20, 115, 246.
• “Histoire Général de la China,” i., 7.
• “Histoire Mythologique,” i., 357.
• “Historia de la Compagnia de Gesu,” i., 115.
• “History of Greece,” i., 275.
• “History of Japan” (Adams), ii., [345].
• “History of Japan” (Charlevoix), i., 290.
• “History of Japan” (Kämpfer), i., 289-291.
• “History of Japanese Literature,” ii., [345].
• “History of Java,” i., 272; ii., [110]-112.
• “History of Plants,” ii., [125].
• “History of the Empire of Japan,” ii., [346].
• “History of the English Factory at Hirado,” i., 226.
• “History of the United States,” ii., [364].
• Hizen, Province of, i., 82, 120.
• Hoffman, assistant to Siebold, i., 8.
• Hōin-Sama.
• See Hirado, Prince of.
• Homicide, Punishment for, i., 354.
• “Honda the Samurai,” ii., [344].
• Horseback-riding, i., 370-377.
• Horse-shoes, i., 373.
• Horses, i., 215; ii., [138], [317].
• Hotei, i., 359.
• Hotoke, or idols, i., 399.
• Houtman, Cornelius, i., 168, 169, 177; ii., [353].
• Huish, ——, ii., [345].
• Hyōgo, Province Settsu, ii., [49].
• “Ideals of the East, The,” ii., [345].
• Idols, i., 193, 399, 400; ii., [45], [106]-108.
• See also Temples.
• “Illustrations of Japan,” i., 79; ii., [81], [147], [168], [174].
• Image-trampling.
• See Figure-treading.
• Imhoff, author of Dutch memoir, i., 272; ii., [110].
• Imi, ii., [186], [187].
• Incomes of princes, i., 240, 256-259.
• “Indian History,” i., 14.
• Indulgence-boxes, i., 401.
• Ingen, Buddhist priest, i., 275-277.
• Inns, i., 187, 216; ii., [2]-13, 29, 36-41, 328.
• “Intercourse between the United States and Japan, The,” ii., [273].
• Interest, ii., [127].
• Interpreters, i., 302-306, 369, 370; ii., [34], [117], [164].
• Ise Temple, i., 68, 69; ii., [20], [21], [69].
• “Island of Formosa, The,” i., 302; ii., [345].
• Iyeyasu (Tokugawa Iyeyasu), i., 161-163, 175-177, 190-193, 200, 201, 218-223, 230.
• Izu, Cape, ii., [283], [328].
• Jacatra (Batavia), i., 237; ii., [354].
• Jancigny.
• See De Jancigny.
• “Japan” (De Jancigny), ii., [254], [277].
• “Japan” (Dickson), ii., [345].
• “Japan” (Reed), ii., [345].
• “Japan—An Interpretation,” ii., [344].
• “Japan and her People,” ii., [344].
• “Japan and its Art,” ii., [345].
• “Japan in Art and Industry,” ii., [345].
• “Japan in History, Folk-lore, and Art,” ii., [344].
• “Japan, its Architecture, Art, and Art Manufactures,” ii., [345].
• “Japan: presented in Sketches of the Manners and Customs of that Realm, especially of the Town of Nagasaki,” ii., [249].
• Japan Society, London, i., 8.
• “Japanese Armour,” ii., [149].
• “Japanese Art,” ii., [345].
• “Japanese Boy, A,” ii., [344].
• “Japanese Calendars,” i., 352.
• “Japanese Costume,” ii., [154].
• “Japanese Education,” ii., [345].
• “Japanese Fairy World” (Griffis), ii., [344].
• “Japanese Fairy World, The” (Ozaki), ii., [344].
• “Japanese Fans,” i., 376.
• “Japanese Funeral Rites,” ii., [183].
• “Japanese Girls and Women,” ii., [344].
• “Japanese Heraldry,” i., 117.
• “Japanese Homes,” ii., [344].
• Japanese in America, i., 152.
• “Japanese Life in Town and Country,” ii., [344].
• “Japanese Plays,” ii., [345].
• “Japanese Rituals,” i., 66.
• Jarves, J. J., ii., [345].
• Jesuits.
• See Order of Jesuits.
• Jewels, ii., [332].
• Jizō, Idol of, i., 399; ii., [45].
• Jodogawa, River, ii., [50].
• Johannis Botanicus, ii., [201].
• Jones, Sir William, ii., [164].
• Jontoux, Father, ii., [118].
• “Journal of Commerce” (New York), ii., [293].
• Jūdo, i., 74, 277.
• Jugulans nigra, ii., [144].
• Junrei, ii., [22].
• Kago, i., 377-379.
• Kahei, Takataya, ii., [228]-243.
• Kakegawa, ii., [70].
• Kamakura image of Buddha, i., 218.
• Kamakura, Island of, ii., [74].
• Kamban, i., 323-325.
• Kamel, George Joseph, ii., [125].
• Kami, i., 66.
• See also Shintō.
• Kämpfer’s account of Japan, i., 8, 27, 32, 59, 64, 66, 196, 202, 225, 240, 244, 249, 256, 257, 267, 272, 274-401; ii., [1]-109, [118], [125], [146], [159], [169], [250], [254], [300].
• Kanagawa, ii., [74], [293], [300], [303], [334].
• Kanrin-maru, Japanese steamer, ii., [336].
• “Keramic Art of Japan,” ii., [345].
• Kinosita, Yetaro, ii., [345].
• Kitchin, ——, ii., [345].
• Kitō, i., 60, 276; ii., [167].
• Kiūshiū.
• See Shimo.
• Klaproth, Heinrich, i., 32, 69, 181, 257, 357, 359, 391; ii., [46], [62], [67], [72], [89], [108], [112], [165], [199].
• Knapp, A. M., ii., [344].
• Knox, Dr., ii., [112].
• Knox, G. W., ii., [344].
• Kōbō, saint and sage, ii., [147].
• Kochebecker, of the Dutch East India Company, i., 261.
• “Kojiki,” i., 359; ii., [346].
• “Kokoro,” ii., [344].
• Koku, i., 240.
• Kokura, capital of Buzen, ii., [48].
• Konishi Settsu-no-Kami, i., 163.
• Kōshi (Confucius), ii., [68].
• Koxinga, Chinese pirate, i., 302.
• Koya, near Miyako, i., 292.
• Kōzukeno-Suke, secretary to Emperor Hashiba, i., 199, 200.
• Kramer, Conrad, i., 252.
• Krusenstern, Captain, ii., [196], [197].
• Kublai Khan, i., 2, 4, 8-10.
• Kubō-Sama, i., 58, 61, 62, 64.
• Kuchiki Samon, ii., [163].
• Kuchinotsu, i., 94, 102.
• Kuge (patricians), i., 62, 66; ii., [21].
• Kuno, Fortress of, ii., [71].
• Kuri, i., 300, 308.
• Kurile Islands, i., 123, 221, 265; ii., [190], [212], [213].
• Kurume, Castle of, ii., [47].
• Kuwana, Province of Owari, ii., [69].
• Kwambacudono, i., 118, 123, 140, 149, 150.
• Kwannon Temple, ii., [107].
• Kyōto (Miyako, which see), i., 215.
• Ladoga, American whaler, ii., [266], [269].
• Lady Pierce, American ship, ii., [312]-314.
• Lady Rowena, ii., [258].
• Lampacau Island, i., 19.
• Lancaster, Captain, i., 167, 177.
• “Land of the Morning, The,” ii., [345].
• Langsdorff, Attaché, ii., [197].
• Lanterns, i., 373; ii., [329].
• La Perouse, Voyage of, i., 124, 221, 265; ii., [190].
• La Salle, ii., [364].
• Lattices, ii., [91].
• Lawrence, American whaler, ii., [265].
• Laws, i., 78, 206, 260, 354; ii., [161], [162], [245].
• Laxman, Lieut., ii., [191], [192], [196], [219].
• Lay, ——, ii., [183].
• Leeds, ——, ii., [351], [352].
• Lepers, i., 164.
• “Letters Written by the English Residents in Japan, 1611-1623,” i., 178, 207, 219.
• Lew Chew Islands, i., 31, 124, 181, 281; ii., [312], [355].
• Liano, Spanish gentleman, i., 142.
• Linschooten, Hugh, i., 168.
• Liverwort used as charm, i., 401.
• “Log of a Japanese Journey,” ii., [345].
• Lowell, P., ii., [344].
• Loyola, Ignatius, i., 42, 43, 90.
• “L’univers, ou Histoire et Description de tout les Peuples,” ii., [254].
• Macartney, Lord, ii., [164].
• Mackay, ——, ii., [345].
• Maclay, A. C., ii., [345].
• Maffei, ——, i., 14, 81, 165.
• Mahay, Jacques, i., 169, 170.
• Maize, ii., [317].
• Makino Bingo-no-Kami, ii., [84].
• Malela, Father, i., 7.
• Malva Mauritiana, ii., [124].
• Mamori, ii., [179].
• Manchu dynasty, i., 274.
• Manjū, a cake, ii., [13], [98].
• Mankoku, i., 240.
• Manners, ii., [174].
• See also Civility of Japanese.
• “Manners and Customs of the Japanese in the Nineteenth Century,” ii., [254].
• Manufactures, i., 77;
• of Miyako, ii., [63], [64];
• of Suruga, ii., [71].
• Manuscript history, ii., [168].
• Maple-trees, ii., [141].
• Maps, ii., [157], [251], [252].
• Marco Polo, i., 1-6, 13.
• Mariner, English ship, ii., [272], [273].
• “Marriage Ceremonies,” ii., [170], [172].
• Marriages, i., 259; ii., [174]-183, [225].
• Marsden, ——, translator, i., 2, 4, 6.
• Matheson, Commander, ii., [272], [273].
• Mats, Floor, i., 391; ii., [5], [52], [89], [91], [131], [152].
• Matsumae, ii., [220], [226].
• Matsumae Island.
• See Matsumaye Island.
• Matsumaye (Yezo or Matsumae) Island, i., 123, 124, 220, 221, 262-265; ii., [222].
• Matsuri (public spectacle at Nagasaki), i., 296, 356-365.
• Matsuura Hoin.
• See Hirado, Prince of.
• “Matthew Galbraith Perry,” ii., [324].
• May, Henry, i., 178.
• McClatchie, ——, ii., [345].
• McCoy, American seaman, ii., [270], [271].
• McDonald, Ranald, American seaman, ii., [271], [272].
• Meals, ii., [39], [133].
• Measures and weights, i., 23, 59, 249, 272.
• Medhurst, Mr., ii., [210].
• Medicine and surgery, i., 26, 28, 77; ii., [68], [93], [94], [118], [122], [145]-147.
• Melea azedarach, ii., [125].
• Melis, Thomas, i., 169.
• “Memoir on the Trade of Japan, and the Causes of its Decline,” i., 272; ii., [110].
• “Mémoires concernant les Chinois,” i., 7.
• “Memoirs of the Shōguns” (or Djoguns), i., 98; ii., [168].
• “Memorable Embassies of the Dutch to the Emperors of Japan,” i., 266, 272; ii., [88].
• “Memorials of the Empire of Japan,” i., 225.
• Mentha piperita, ii., [124].
• Mercator, American whaler, ii., [260], [261].
• Merchant class, ii., [139], [174], [243], [244].
• Merchant marine of Japan, i., 180, 181.
• See also Trade.
• Mermaids, ii., [53].
• Mespillus japonica, ii., [159].
• Messengers, ii., [2].
• Meylan, G. F., ii., [248]-250.
• Mimitsuka Chapel, ii., [108].
• Mindanao, Island of, i., 55, 56.
• Mines, ii., [111], [112], [250].
• “Mirror of Yedo,” i., 257.
• Mirrors, ii., [133].
• Miseratsie, or wall adornments, ii., [4], [6]-8.
• Missionaries, Catholic, other than Jesuit, i., 147-149, 151, 152, 155-160, 163, 164, 179, 223, 228-232, 241-248, 268.
• Missionaries, Jesuit, i., 38-41, 45-56, 60, 63-65, 67, 70-72, 81-91, 93-98, 100-103, 116-121, 124-136, 138, 142, 143, 145-149, 151-160, 162-164, 175, 179, 205, 222, 227-234, 241-248, 263, 264, 268, 269, 279, 280; ii., [169], [259].
• Missionaries, Protestant, i., 147; ii., [255], [259], [266].
• Mississippi, American frigate, ii., [281], [282], [287], [291], [314], [315].
• Mitford, A. B. F., ii., [344].
• “Mito Yashiki,” ii., [345].
• Mitsukuri, Dr., ii., [210].
• Miya (Atsuta), ii., [69].
• Miya (Shintō temples), i., 67-69, 398, 399; ii., [302].
• Miyako, i., 61, 83, 96, 97, 155, 161, 163, 164, 192, 222; ii., [58], [62]-66, [104]-108, [140].
• Mongols, i., 2, 6-10.
• “Moniteur des Indes,” ii., [274].
• Monsoons, i., 316.
• Moor, Captain, ii., [228], [229], [236].
• Mōri Motonari, i., 90, 95, 103.
• Morrison, American brig, ii., [255]-258, [284].
• Morse, E. S., ii., [344].
• Morus papyrifira, ii., [132].
• Mossman, ——, ii., [345].
• Mountain priests, i., 74; ii., [23]-25, 72.
• Mountains, i., 386, 387; ii., [134], [255].
• Mourning, ii., [178], [185]-187.
• Moxa, ii., [126], [145], [146].
• Mulberry-trees, i., 76; ii., [132].
• Munro, ——, ii., [310].
• Murakami, N., i., 226.
• Murakawn, K., i., 178.
• Murray, D., ii., [158], [344].
• Murray, Lieut., ii., [302].
• Mushrooms, ii., [159].
• Music and musicians, i., 212, 213, 357, 362; ii., [28], [315].
• Nabores, Hieronymo de, i., 270.
• Nagasaki, i., 97, 102, 125, 128, 143, 145, 156-160, 164, 234, 235, 244, 275, 284, 285, 291-294, 337-353, 355-365, 397.
• Naibun, ii., [241].
• Namida (Sanscrit prayer), i., 344; ii., [27], [73].
• “Narrative of a Japanese, The,” ii., [346].
• Natural history researches, ii., [251]-253.
• Nettles, ii., [124].
• “New Japan,” ii., [345].
• “New Life of Toyotomi Hideyoshi,” i., 150.
• New Moon ceremonies, ii., [316].
• New Year’s Day (European), ii., [126].
• New Year’s Day (Japanese), i., 357; ii., [127], [225], [226].
• “New York Times,” ii., [310].
• “New York Tribune,” ii., [301], [316].
• Newbury, John, ii., [351], [352].
• Niagara, U. S. frigate, ii., [337].
• Nicholson, Lieut., ii., [302].
• Nihombashi, or great bridge at Yedo, i., 380; ii., [78], [200].
• Nikkō Temple, i., 230, 253.
• Ningpo, i., 13.
• Ni-ō-mon, “gate of the two kings,” ii., [108].
• Nippon, i., 1, 27, 57, 124.
• “Nippon Ōdai Ichiran,” ii., [165].
• “Nippon, or Archives for the Description of Japan,” ii., [254].
• Nitobe, I. O., ii., [273], [344].
• Nobles, i., 240, 256-260; ii., [70], [81], [149]-153.
• Nobunaga (Oda Nobunaga), i., 96-98, 102, 103, 116, 117, 139.
• Noises of the town, i., 344; ii., [189].
• Noort, Oliver, i., 169, 171.
• Norimono, i., 347, 377-379; ii., [327].
• Noshi, ii., [177].
• “Notes on the Intercourse between Japan and Siam in the Seventeenth Century,” ii., [354].
• “Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits,” ii., [165].
• “Noto, an Unexplored Corner of Japan,” ii., [344].
• “Nouveau Journal Asiatique,” i., 181; ii., [112].
• “Nouveau Mélanges Asiatique,” ii., [146], [165].
• Nugnes Barreto, Father, i., 88-90.
• Nuyts, Peter de, i., 252-254; ii., [355].
• Oaks, ii., [142].
• Oars, i., 389.
• Ōbaku, papal residence of Ingen, i., 276.
• Odawara, ii., [73].
• Official life at Nagasaki, i., 345-350.
• Ōgosho-Sama, i., 163.
• See also Iyeyasu.
• Oharai, or indulgence, ii., [21].
• Ōigawa, River, i., 384, 385; ii., [71].
• Ōita, i., 27.
• Okakara, ——, ii., [345].
• Okasaki, ii., [69].
• Ōmura, town and bay, ii., [45].
• Opium war, ii., [259].
• Order of Jesuits, i., 41-46, 54.
• See Missionaries, Jesuit.
• Orfanel, Father Fray Jacinto, i., 246.
• Oriental Translation Fund, ii., [165].
• “Oriental Travels,” Marco Polo, i., 1-6.
• “Origin of Spanish and Portuguese Rivalry in Japan, The,” i., 135.
• “Origin of the Riches of Japan,” ii., [112].
• Oryris japonica, ii., [142].
• Ōsaka, i., 118, 127, 155, 161, 164, 175, 195, 214, 215, 230, 382; ii., [49]-54, [324], [334].
• Ōshima, Island of, ii., [305].
• Ōtsu, town and lake, ii., [63], [67].
• Outcast Japanese, i., 249; ii., [192], [258].
• Oxen, ii., [59], [137].
• Ozaki, Miss, ii., [344].
• Pacheco, Father, i., 245.
• Pack-horses and travellers’ equipment, i., 370-377.
• Palaces, i., 188, 189, 340; ii., [80].
• See also Castles and Emperor, Castle of.
• Palanquins, i., 216.
• Paper, ii., [132], [133].
• Paper-hangings, i.,340, 392; ii., [52].
• Parish priests, i., 180, 229.
• Parker, Dr., ii., [255].
• “Parli, the Last of the Missionaries,” ii., [345].
• “Past and Present of Japanese Commerce, The,” ii., [345].
• Paul of the Holy Faith.
• See Anjirō.
• Pazio, Father Francis, i., 163.
• Pearls, ii., [45], [46].
• Pears, ii., [140].
• Peel’s Island, ii., [282].
• Pellew, Captain, ii., [204], [205].
• “Peregrinations in the East,” i., 14, 15; ii., [348]-350.
• Perry, Commodore, ii., [238], [276]-324.
• Persecution of Catholic missionaries, i., 119, 120, 125, 126, 155-160, 164, 205, 222, 227-234, 240-251, 261.
• Phaeton, English frigate, ii., [204], [205], [208].
• Phascolus, ii., [124], [159].
• Philadelphia, U. S. steamer, ii., [336].
• Philippine Islands, i., 56, 134, 135, 152, 166.
• Physicians, i., 28, 29; ii., [68], [93], [94], [103], [144]-147, [157], [172], [250].
• “Pictorial Arts of Japan, The,” ii., [345].
• Pilgrimages, i., 69; ii., [20]-22, [69].
• Pillows, ii., [5], [133].
• Pilotage rates, ii., [311].
• Pilots, i., 387.
• Pinkerton’s collection, i., 261, 267.
• Pinto, Fernam Mendez, i., 14-31, 34-38, 49, 52, 84, 88, 89, 91, 92;
• ii., [112], [348]-350.
• Pinus abies, ii., [144].
• Pinus silvestris, ii., [142].
• Pisum sativum, ii., [124].
• Plane-trees, ii., [82].
• Ploughing, i., 216.
• Plymouth, American sloop, ii., [282].
• Police protection, i., 188, 214, 349-353, 356.
• Pologonum, ii., [124].
• Population, i., 186, 190, 192, 195, 257; ii., [53], [57], [65], [74].
• Portraits, i., 33.
• Portuguese in the East, i., 11-34, 36-41, 45, 48, 49, 57, 58, 64, 71, 84, 90, 91, 102, 103, 120, 127, 134-136, 138, 139, 142, 145, 147, 153, 154, 158, 159, 164, 166, 167, 174-176, 179, 181, 182, 196-199, 208, 209, 221, 228, 248-251, 255, 261-265, 269-271, 278.
• Post-houses, ii., [1], [2].
• Potatoes, ii., [124], [317].
• Poverty, i., 77, 87, 395; ii., [162].
• Powhatan, United States ship, ii., [297], [324], [336].
• Prayers for the dead, i., 344.
• Preble, American ship, ii., [265]-269, [271], [272].
• Precious metals, Export of, ii., [112], [113].
• Presents, i., 217, 367, 368; ii., [59], [85], [96], [97], [104], [141], [175].
• Pring, Martin, i., 237-239.
• Printing, ii., [157].
• Prisons, ii., [217], [220]-222.
• Protestants in Japanese missions.
• See Missionaries, Protestant.
• Provinces, as found by Portuguese, i., 57, 58;
• division by “Circuits, “vii., [343].
• Purcell, ——, ii., [345].
• Purchas, ——, i., 165, 177, 184, 220, 225, 232, 236, 240; ii., [349], [354].
• “Pure Shintō,” i., 66.
• “Quarterly Review,” ii., [247].
• Radishes, i., 286, 383; ii., [215].
• Raffles, Sir Stamford, i., 272; ii., [110]-112, [195], [196], [202], [208]-210.
• Rain-coats, i., 375; ii., [143].
• Rain-maker, Priestly, i., 276.
• Rank, The distinction of, i., 60.
• Rationalists.
• See Jūdo.
• Rebecca, American ship, ii., [206].
• “Recollections of Japan,” ii., [194], [195].
• Reed, ——, ii., [345].
• Regamey, ——, ii., [345].
• “Relation du Japon,” i., 224.
• “Religions of Japan, The,” i., 74; ii., [344].
• Religious sects and beliefs, i., 65-74, 138, 139, 194, 195, 207, 261, 291; ii., [65].
• Rémusat, Abel, i., 70; ii., [146], [165], [169].
• Resanoff, Count, ii., [196]-199.
• Rhus succedanea, ii., [125].
• Rhus vernix, i., 76; ii., [125].
• Rice, i., 76, 257, 343; ii., [47], [59], [136], [159].
• Riess, Dr. L., i., 178, 240.
• Rikord, Captain, ii., [226]-243.
• Riordan, R., and Takayanagi, T., ii., [344].
• Rivers, i., 384, 385; ii., [50], [63].
• Road-books, i., 376; ii., [13].
• Roanoke, U. S. steamer, ii., [336].
• Rodriguez, Father, i., 32, 60, 63, 133, 136, 156, 158, 162, 165.
• Roofs, i., 339, 392; ii., [52], [130], [303], [306], [321].
• Rowing, Method of, i., 389.
• Rubia cordata, ii., [124].
• Rundall, ——, i., 225, 230, 240.
• Russian American Company, ii., [203].
• Russian relations with Japan, ii., [190]-192, [196]-199, [203], [212]-244, [323].
• Ryōzayemon, a Russian prisoner, ii., [226]-229.
• Saddles, i., 371, 377.
• Sadono-Kami, president of Prince Hideyori’s council, i., 201.
• Saga, capital of Hizen, ii., [46], [47], [129].
• Sagami, Cape, ii., [283].
• Saguer, a rare tree, ii., [11].
• Saikaidō, i., 381.
• Sakai, i., 95, 118, 215; ii., [49].
• Sakana, ii., [38].
• Sake, i., 76, 216, 343; ii., [54], [324].
• Sakhalin, i., 123, 124, 265; ii., [212].
• Salt butter as a remedy, ii., [127].
• Salutation, Ceremony of, i., 210.
• Samisen, i., 212; ii., [315].
• Sancian Island, i., 13.
• “San Francisco Herald,” ii., [313].
• San Jacinto, American steamer, ii., [325].
• San Philip, Spanish galleon, i., 151, 152, 154, 159, 160, 180.
• Santvoort, Melichor von, i., 203, 244.
• Sao harbor, ii., [70].
• Saramang, English frigate, ii., [259].
• Saratoga, American sloop, ii., [282].
• Saris, Captain John, i., 196, 207-225, 229, 232, 343.
• Satow, ——, i., 66, 86, 135; ii., [354].
• Sawaas (or Sowas), i., 330, 344.
• Sayer, agent of English East India Company, i., 230.
• Scherer, J. A. B., ii., [344].
• Scheuchzer, Dr. I. G., i., 290.
• Schools, ii., [135].
• Science, Study of, i., 77.
• Scurvy, ii., [229].
• Sea-weeds, Edible, ii., [213].
• Segaki, ii., [26].
• Seimei, and the table of unfortunate days, ii., [41]-44.
• Seminary at Goa, i., 41, 49, 55.
• Serfs, i., 59.
• Serqueyra, Father Louis (Bishop of Japan), i., 227, 242.
• Servants, i., 354; ii., [177].
• Sesamum orientale, ii., [125].
• Settsu-no-Kami, governor of Nagasaki, i., 347; ii., [100].
• “Seven Gods of Happiness,” i., 359.
• Shaëp, Captain, i., 263, 265.
• Shigemi, S., ii., [344].
• Shikimi (anise-tree), ii., [126].
• See also Hanashikimi.
• Shikoku Island, i., 123, 124.
• Same as Sikoku Island.
• Shimabara Fortress, i., 94, 248, 261.
• Shimada, ii., [71].
• Shimo, i., 27, 57, 93, 97, 98, 119, 124, 125, 145, 164, 213, 228.
• Shimoda, town and river, ii., [301], [302], [305], [316]-324, [326].
• Shimonoseki, i., 368, 381; ii., [48], [49].
• Shinagawa, ii., [75], [247], [248].
• Shintō, i., 66-70, 138, 139, 342, 359, 360, 399; ii., [65].
• Shintō clergy, i., 74, 342, 359, 360, 398; ii., [65].
• Shintō temples (Miya), i., 67, 342, 399; ii., [65].
• Shiota, ii., [129].
• See also Shiwota.
• Ships and Harbor Guard, Nagasaki, i., 312, 348.
• Ships and boats, i., 77, 387-390; ii., [72].
• Shōgun-Sama, i., 230, 247.
• Shōguns, The, i., 58; ii., [158], [166]-173.
• Shooting of birds, ii., [308].
• Shops, i., 394; ii., [11], [52], [77], [247], [319]-323.
• Shotten, Timothy, i., 169.
• “Sidney Gazette,” ii., [258].
• Siebold, Dr. Philipp Franz von, i., 8, 9, 31, 33, 123, 338, 351; ii., [43], [46], [125], [149], [237], [248], [250]-254, [274], [310].
• Signs, ii., [320], [323].
• Sikoku Island, i., 57, 119.
• Same as Shikoku.
• Silk, i., 76, 101, 321.
• Sitting posture, ii., [133], [303].
• Sloane, Sir Hans, i., 290.
• Small-pox, i., 400.
• Smilax China, ii., [124].
• Smoke-holes, i., 3.
• Smoking articles, ii., [37], [38].
• Smuggling, i., 300, 314, 328, 332, 333, 353, 397; ii., [115], [116], [275].
• Soap, ii., [126].
• Soil, i., 76.
• Soldiers, ii., [223], [224].
• See also Armies and Soldiery.
• Solis, Jean de, i., 135, 136, 142, 143.
• Sotelo, Father Louis, i., 203-205, 245, 246.
• “Soul of the Far East, The,” ii., [344].
• Sowaas.
• See Sowas.
• Sowas (or Sawaas), i., 330, 344, 377.
• Soy, ii., [13], [119], [159].
• Spanish in the East, i., 56, 134-136, 142, 143, 147, 148, 151-154, 159, 160, 166, 167, 179, 180, 191, 197, 199, 202-204, 208, 209, 221, 228, 237, 241, 261, 270, 271.
• Spex, Jacob, i., 197, 198, 202, 203, 206.
• Spinola, ——, i., 241.
• Spirea, ii., [142].
• Springs, ii., [46], [129].
• Spy Guard, Nagasaki, i., 312, 348.
• State’s Island, i., 124, 265.
• Sterling, Admiral, ii., [323].
• Stevens, Thomas, ii., [350], [351].
• Stewart, Captain, ii., [193]-196.
• St. Michael, patron saint of Japan, i., 98.
• Stockings, ii., [143].
• Story, ——, ii., [351].
• “Story of Japan,” ii., [158], [344].
• Street-government of cities, i., 188, 349-353, 356, 361-363; ii., [51], [80], [330].
• “Suburb of Yedo, A,” ii., [345].
• Sugar, ii., [117], [275].
• Sun-Goddess (Tenshō-daijin), i., 66, 67, 69, 224, 357-359.
• “Sunrise Stories,” ii., [344].
• Superstitions, i., 48, 74, 207, 401; ii., [68], [223].
• Suruga, i., 163, 186, 190, 217; ii., [71].
• Susquehanna, American frigate, ii., [282], [291], [314], [315].
• Suwa, Festivals of, i., 296, 356-365.
• Suwa, Temple of, i., 356, 357.
• Suyematsu, ——, ii., [345].
• Sweetmeats, ii., [13], [29], [331].
• Swine, ii., [138].
• Swords, i., 59, 106, 185, 210, 290, 349, 369; ii., [149], [155], [168], [243].
• Taikō-Sama. See Hashiba.
• Taikō-Sama, Castle of, i., 118; ii., [54].
• Taikō-Sama, Temple and Tomb of, i., 193.
• Takayanagi, T., and Riordan, R., ii., [344].
• “Tales of Old Japan,” ii., [344].
• Tanners, i., 334, 349.
• Tartars, i., 5-10.
• Tashima, Legend of, ii., [42].
• Taxes, i., 258, 355, 356.
• Tea, i., 76, 216; ii., [13], [14], [128], [158], [220].
• Teisuke, Murakami, ii., [221], [223], [226], [239].
• Temples, i., 67, 68, 71, 161, 193, 194, 216, 218, 222, 275, 342, 356, 357, 397-399; ii., [59], [69], [75], [79], [104]-108, [304], [307], [316].
• “Temples of Riches,” i., 275.
• Tennōji, ii., [54].
• Tenriū, River, i., 385.
• Tenshō-daijin.
• See Sun-Goddess.
• Tenza, The, i., 164.
• Tera (Buddhist temples), i., 71, 275, 342, 397, 398; ii., [65], [304].
• Terazawa, i., 145, 146, 156.
• Theatrical representations, i., 77, 212, 213, 360-365; ii., [53], [160].
• Thevenot, ——, i., 243, 261, 265; ii., [354].
• Threshing, ii., [158].
• Thunberg, Charles Peter, i., 60, 290, 376, 391, 392; ii., [16], [114]-163, 169, 210, 213, 254.
• Thuya dolebrata, ii., [141].
• Tiger, English ship, ii., [353], [354].
• Tillage of the soil, i., 76, 381, 386, 387; ii., [134], [136]-138, [317].
• Time, Division of, i., 351.
• Time-measurers, ii., [126], [251].
• Titsingh, Isaac, i., 59, 79, 98, 230, 240, 257, 276, 281, 351, 357, 376; ii., [43], [81], [85], [112], [146], [147], [163]-189.
• Tobacco culture, ii., [123].
• Tōkaidō, i., 382; ii., [15], [23].
• Toko, or cupboard, ii., [4], [7], [178].
• Tokowaki, or side cupboard, ii., [5].
• Tolls, i., 385.
• “Tomb of Ears,” ii., [108].
• Tomb of Taikō-Sama, i., 193, 194.
• Torey (Stewart, Captain), ii., [196].
• Torment of the Fosse, i., 246, 247.
• Torres, Cosme de, i., 52, 54-56, 87, 91, 97.
• Toshitoku, i., 359.
• Towns and villages, i., 394, 395; ii., [57], [74].
• “Townsend Harris,” ii., [325].
• Toyohashi (Yoshida), ii., [70].
• Toyotomi Hideyoshi, ii., [54].
• See also Hashiba.
• Trade, i., 77; ii., [202], [274], [275].
• Transactions and Proceedings of the Japan Society, London, i., 376.
• Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, i., 32, 66, 86, 117, 135, 145, 178, 204, 226, 257, 290, 352, 359; ii., [7], [77], [112], [144], [149], [154], [174], [183], [199], [206], [210], [315], [346], [354].
• Translations, i., 121, 122, 158, 222, 223, 280; ii., [122], [123], [164], [165], [210], [222].
• Transportation in the interior, i., 216, 347, 371-385.
• Travellers on the highways, ii., [15]-36, [41], [42], [41], [45], [58], [329].
• Trays, ii., [333].
• Trial by torture, i., 353, 354.
• Trials, i., 78, 355; ii., [218].
• Trigault, Nicholas, i., 232.
• Tsadanil trees, ii., [57].
• Tsubaki, ii., [125].
• Tsuchi Yama, ii., [69].
• Tsuitachi, or first day of the month, ii., [58].
• Tsuni Yoshi, Emperor, ii., [85].
• Turks, i., 16.
• Ukondono, i., 117-119, 129, 229.
• Umenoki, ii., [68].
• “Unbeaten Tracks in Japan,” ii., [344].
• Unicorns’ horns, ii., [117], [118].
• United States’ relations with Japan, ii., [193]-196, [206], [255]-258, [260]-273, [276]-339.
• Uraga, i., 218.
• Utensils and dishes, ii., [8].
• Vaccinia, ii., [142].
• Valignani, Father Alexander, i., 100-103, 121, 126-136, 138, 143, 162, 165; ii., [349].
• Van Braam, ——, ii., [164].
• Vandalia, ii., [293].
• Van Linschoten, John Huigen, ii., [351], [352].
• Van Sturlen, director of the Company, ii., [250].
• Varnish-tree, i., 76; ii., [125].
• Vasco da Gama, i., 11.
• Vault, for fire protection, ii., [52].
• Vaz, Alvares, i., 49, 50.
• Vega, Lopo de, Spanish poet, i., 231.
• Vegetables, i., 76; ii., [124], [159], [317].
• Verhagen’s fleet (Dutch), i., 169-177.
• Verhœven fleet (Dutch), i., 182, 196, 198.
• Viburna, ii., [142].
• Vicia faba, ii., [124].
• Vilela, Father Gaspard, i., 89, 94, 95, 97, 133, 165; ii., [189].
• Vincennes, American frigate, ii., [261]-265, 283.
• Vivero, Don Rodrigo de, governor of Manila, i., 180, 185-261, 265, 266; ii., [118], [355].
• Volcanoes, ii., [46], [170], [173], [305].
• “Voyage around the World, A,” ii., [203].
• “Voyages au Nord,” i., 250, 254, 261, 265, 266; ii., [118], [355].
• “Voyages Curieuse,” i., 261.
• “Voyages des Indes,” i., 243, 252, 254, 261; ii., [355].
• Waardenaar, Heer, ii., [207], [208].
• Wada Iga-no-kami, i., 96, 97.
• Wadenaar, Heer, ii., [195].
• Waganaar, of the Dutch East India Company, i., 265, 266.
• Walnuts, ii., [144].
• Warm drinks, i., 216.
• Water-clocks, ii., [251].
• Water supply, i., 293, 343; ii., [54].
• Weapons, ii., [149].
• Webster, Daniel, ii., [276]-281.
• Weddell, Admiral, i., 255.
• “Wee Ones of Japan, The,” 344.
• Weights and measures, i., 23, 59, 249, 272.
• Whale fishery, i., 255.
• Wheat, i., 76, 216.
• Wheeled vehicles, ii., [137], [138].
• Whiskey, ii., [206].
• Whiting, Lieut., ii., [302].
• Whitney, Dr., ii., [144].
• Williams, S. W., ii., [255], [258], [284], [310], [318]-323.
• Windows, i., 391; ii., [4], [130], [131], [322].
• Wine, ii., [206].
• Wittert, Admiral, i., 197.
• Women, i., 98, 120, 127, 149, 161, 211, 212, 214, 243, 259, 260, 279, 292, 340, 341, 345, 361; ii., [23], [24], [29], [30], [47], [58], [70], [91], [96], [97], [120]-122, [127], [153]-156, [161], [167], [169], [174]-183, [211], [225], [231]-233, [242], [249], [304], [315], [329], [330].
• Wormwood, ii., [125], [146].
• Written language, i., 77, 78.
• Xavier, Francis, i., 38, 39, 41-43, 46-55, 64, 71, 72, 81-88, 98; ii., [353].
• Yakushi, patron of physicians, ii., [68].
• Yamabu.
• See Yamabushi.
• Yamabushi, or mountain priests, i., 74; ii., [23]-25, [72].
• Yamaguchi, capital of Nagato, i., 82, 89, 90, 96.
• Yams, ii., [124].
• Yebisu, patron of fishermen, i., 359.
• Yebumi (figure-treading, which see), i., 352.
• Yedo, i., 163, 186, 187, 218, 230, 265, 380; ii., [76]-83, [324], [326], [330].
• “Yedo Kagami” (“Mirror of Yedo”), i., 257.
• Yezo Island.
• See Matsumaye Island.
• Yodo, ii., [50], [57].
• Yokkaichi, ii., [69].
• Yokohama.
• See Kanagawa.
• Yoritomo, Prince, ii., [28]-30.
• Yoshida, ii., [70].
• Yoshimune, i., 119, 120, 125, 127, 144, 145.
• “Young Japan” (Black), ii., [345].
• “Young Japan” (Scherer), ii., [344].
• Zelandia, Fort, in Formosa, i., 262, 302.
• Zeni, i., 372, 373; ii., [309].
• Zipangu, i., 1, 3-6, 14.

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