The famous Turquoise Mine is in New Mexico, near the Arizona line. It comprises two enormous open quarries, perhaps 200 feet in depth at the deepest point, and covering an area of several acres. They must have been produced with great labor, since there are no traces anywhere of the use of tools or gunpowder. Tradition refers these workings to a period of greater antiquity than the Spanish occupation, and declares them to have been executed by the Aztec inhabitants of the regions who preceded the present Indian races. Stone hammers have been found in these quarries, but no tools of any metal. The trachyte is seamed and fissured throughout, at small intervals, and in every direction; and there is no reason to doubt that hammers, wedges, and levers would be quite sufficient to remove the solid masses. The turquoise occurs fully in the fissures, in the form of narrow seams and plates, rarely or never exceeding the fraction of an inch in thickness. The majority of the seams now exposed show the impure green variety, which is worthless. The Pueblo Indians, like civilized people, value the light-blue turquoise only.

Stage arrives at Florence every morning at 7 A. M. from Tucson, and leaves half an hour later for Yuma; stage from Yuma arrives every evening at 6 P. M., and leaves for Tucson half an hour later. Stage to Globe City leaves every Tuesday at 8 A. M., and arrives at 8 P. M. Saturday. Phœnix and Prescott stages leave every other day at 7 A. M., and arrive alternate days at 12 midnight. Stage for Silver King leaves every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 7 A. M., and arrives every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 4 P. M.

The military-geographical surveys, up to the fall of 1876, under Lieut. Wheeler, in central and western Arizona, have covered a total area of 17,954.6 square miles, or 11,490,944 acres. Of this total, it is estimated that 25 per cent., or 4,488 square miles, being 2,875,238 acres, are fit for agricultural purposes, mostly requiring irrigation. The timber is set down at 10 per cent., or 1,149,094 acres. For grazing, the estimate is 30 per cent., and as barren, 35 per cent. The total available land in the area surveyed is thus set down at 65 per cent., being 11,670.6 square miles, or 7,469,114 acres.

Temperatures and Rainfall.

Camp Apache. Fort Bowie. Camp Grant. Camp Lowell. Camp Mcdowell. Camp Mojave. Camp Verde. Fort Whipple. (Prescott). Fort Yuma. (Yuma City).
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Deg. Deg. Inch. Deg. Inch. Deg. Inch. Deg. Inch. Deg. Inch. Deg. Inch. Deg. Inch. Deg. Inch.
July 60-104 71-103 0.50 58-109 1.70 39-113 0.08 72-113 0.00 47-118 0.00 48-113 0.14 65- 91 1.56 69-112 0.00
August 66- 88 64- 97 1.34 55-102 5.20 46-104 2.73 65-108 0.56 52-116 3.80 58-102 2.52 64- 85 4.78 71-106 1.60
September 52- 92 67- 99 0.01 53- 99 2.50 52-103 0.62 54-110 0.00 45-108 0.00 41- 97 0.26 50- 82 0.30 59-104 0.00
October 28- 92 42- 96 0.03 35-100 0.46 21-101 0.00 33-108 0.00 27-105 0.00 21- 95 0.00 33- 81 0.00 48-100 0.00
November 25- 81 33- 85 1.12 31- 81 3.38 30- 91 1.32 33- 99 0.21 36- 89 0.50 20- 74 0.74 29- 72 0.80 46- 86 0.00
December 6- 62 20- 70 2.02 21 82 1.75 25- 78 0.97 27- 83 4.70 29- 67 2.80 6- 57 3.26 10- 65 2.55 39- 61 0.64
January 6- 68 21- 67 2.33 20- 85 1.58 19- 78 1.76 24- 83 3.10 27- 70 0.19 5- 59 2.65 17- 67 5.51 37- 72 0.55
February 10- 65 20- 67 5.40 16- 80 2.87 21- 75 1.66 18- 78 2.86 29- 69 5.00 12- 60 2.05 10- 55 5.68 35- 70 0.85
March 18- 72 32- 79 1.50 28- 86 2.45 30- 79 1.19 31- 79 1.06 39- 80 0.20 19- 72 1.05 20- 65 3.56 40- 82 0.20
April 31- 88 32- 82 0.35 30- 93 0.58 34- 97 0.43 43- 97 1.30 54- 96 0.10 27- 87 1.48 34- 75 1.70 45- 95 0.00
May 38- 94 48-100 0.00 30-101 0.07 42-103 0.07 43-105 0.30 63-107 0.90 34-102 0.08 41- 82 0.65 50-102 0.00
June 57-101 67-100 0.00 54-105 0.00 44-108 0.00 54-114 0.00 75-111 0.00 43-107 0.00 55- 88 0.00 66-108 0.00
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14.60 22.54 10.83 14.09 13.40 14.19 27.09 3.84

At Florence, July, 1877, the thermometer stood at 100 to 115 deg.

In Gila Valley, near the mouth of San Pedro, August and September, 1876, 50 deg. at sunrise; 105 deg. at 2 P. M.; early in October, 30 deg. at sunrise—90 deg. at 2 P. M.; close of October, 15 deg. at sunrise—90 deg. at 2 P. M.

In Gila Valley, on the New Mexico and Arizona line, October 17th, 1876, at sunrise, 28 deg.—at base of mountain range, ten miles distant, 40 deg.; Oct. 18th, at sunrise, 14 deg.—4,500 feet altitude; Oct. 19th, at sunrise, 40 deg.—5,200 feet altitude.

At Mineral Peak, during June and July, 1877, the thermometer repeatedly reached 100 deg.