Francis Drake and the California Indians, 1579

by Robert F. Heizer

[96] Barrett, Ceremonies, pp. 412, 431; Loeb, The Western Kuksu Cult, p. 118.

[97] Kroeber, Handbook, table 10, p. 876.

[98] Kelly, "Coast Miwok Ethnography."

[99] The ground squirrel and Point Reyes mountain beaver have been variously identified as Fletcher's "conies." See Wagner, Drake's Voyage, p. 492-493, n. 42.

[100] See photograph in McAdie, "Nova Albion—1579," fig. 1.

[101] Kelly, "Coast Miwok Ethnography."

[102] Kroeber, Handbook, p. 277.

[103] These "burnt offerings" are ascribed to the Trinidad Bay Yurok by Wagner (Drake's Voyage, p. 157), but there is no need to look so far afield for parallels when the Coast Miwok-Pomo area fits the case so well.

[104] Memorial ceremonies for the dead are a characteristic feature of central California culture; see Loeb, The Western Kuksu Cult, p. 117 (Coast Miwok).

[105] Heizer and Elmendorf, "Francis Drake's California Anchorage."