| 1. | Scotland. | The Rasay. Rosshire. |
| Ireland. | The Ross. | |
| Germany. | The Riss. Wirtemberg. | |
| Switzerland. | The Reuss. Joins the Aar. | |
| Russia. | The Rasa. | |
| Spain. | The Riaza. | |
| Asia Min. | Rhesus of Homer not identified. | |
| India. | Rasa, the Sanscrit name of a river not identified. | |
| 2. | With the ending el. | |
| Germany. | The Rossl(au). Joins the Elbe. | |
| 3. | With the ending et. | |
| Germany. | The Rezat. Joins the Rednitz. | |
From the Gael. garbh, Welsh garw, violent, Armstrong derives the name of the Garonne and other rivers.[39] The root seems to be found in Sansc. karv or karp, Latin carpo, &c., implying violent action. The Lat. carpo is applied by the poets to denote rapid progress, as of a river, through a country. So likewise more metaphorically to the manner in which a bold and steep mountain rises from the valley. As also one of our own poets has said—
Behind the valley topmost Gargarus
Stands up and takes the morning—
Hence this root is found in the names of mountains as well as rivers—e.g., the Carpathians (Carpātes), and the Isle of Carpăthus, which "consists for the most part of bare mountains, rising to a central height of 4,000 feet, with a steep and inaccessible coast."[40]
| 1. | Scotland. | Garf water, a burn in Lanarkshire. |
| The Gryffe. Renfrew. | ||
| Germany. | The Grabow. Pruss. Pom. | |
| Danub. Prov. | Carpis, Herodotus, see p. [73]. | |
| 2. | With the ending en. | |
| Scotland. | The Girvan. Ayr. | |
| Italy. | The Carpino. Joins the Tiber. | |
| The Gravino. Naples. | ||
| 3. | With the ending el. | |
| Italy. | Cerbalus[41] ant., now the Cervaro—here? | |
From the Sansc. su, to shoot forth, sûs, sûtis, rushing or darting, Gr. σουσις, cursus, I take to be the following. Among the derived words, the Gael. sûth, a billow, seems to be that which comes nearest to the sense required.
| 1. | Switzerland. | The Suss. |
| Denmark. | The Suus(aa). | |
| Bohemia. | The Saz(awa). Joins the Moldau. | |
| Portugal. | The Souza. | |
| Siberia. | The Sos(va), two rivers. | |
| India. | The Sut(oodra), or Sutledge—here?[42] | |
| 2. | With the ending en. | |
| France. | The Suzon. | |
| Russia. | The Sosna, two rivers. | |
Probably to the above we may put a form sest, sost, found in the following.
| 1. | Germany. | The Soeste. Oldenburg. |
| Italy. | Sessites ant., now the Sesia. | |
| Persia. | Soastus or Suastus ant. | |
| 2. | With the ending er. | |
| Russia. | The Sestra. Gov. Moskow. | |
| Germany. | The Soster(bach). Joins the Lippe. | |
To the above root I also place the following, corresponding more distinctly with Old High German schuzzen, Ang.-Sax. sceotan, Eng. shoot, Obs. Gael. and Ir. sciot, dart, arrow.[43]