| 1. | With the ending en. | |
| Germany. | Scuzna, 8th cent., now the Schussen. | |
| Scuzen ant., now the Schozach. | ||
| 2. | With the ending er. | |
| Germany. | Scutara, 10th cent., now the Schutter, two rivers. | |
| Scuntra, 8th cent., now the Schondra and the Schunter. | ||
From the Germ. jagen, to hunt, to drive or ride fast, Bender derives the name of the Jaxt, in the sense of swiftness, suggesting also a comparison with the ancient Jaxartes of Asia. Förstemann considers both suggestions doubtful, but the former seems to me to be reasonable enough. The older sense of jagen is found in the Sansc. yug, to dart forth, formed on the simple verb ya, to go. And appellatives are found in the Finnic words jokk, jöggi, a river. As for the Jaxartes, I am rather inclined to think that the more correct form would be Jazartes, and that it contains the word jezer, before referred to.
| 1. | Russia. | The Jug. Joins the Dwina. |
| 2. | With the ending et. | |
| Italy. | Jactus ant. Affluent of the Po. | |
| Persia. | The Jaghatu. | |
| Germany. | The Jahde,[44] in Oldenburg. | |
| 3. | With the ending st. | |
| Germany. | Jagista ant., now the Jaxt or Jagst. | |
From the root vip, to move, p. [64], by the prefix s, is formed Old Norse svipa, Ang.-Sax. swîfan, Eng. sweep, &c. In these the sense varies between going fast and going round, and the same may be the case in the following names.
| France. | The Suippe. Joins the Aisne. |
| Germany. | Suevus, 2nd cent., now the Warnow, or, according to Zeuss, the Oder. |
| Suab(aha), 8th cent., now the Schwab(ach). |
From the Obs. Gael. sgiap, sgiob, to move rapidly, Eng. skip, may be the following.
| 1. | England. | The Sheaf, by Sheffield. |
| Germany. | Sciffa, 9th cent., now the Schupf. | |
| Asia Min. | Scopas ant., now the Aladan. | |
| 2. | With the ending en. | |
| England. | The Skippon. Joins the Wyre. | |
In the Gael. brais, impetuous, related perhaps to Lat. verso, we may find the root of the following.
| 1. | Germany. | The Birse. Prussia. |
| Switzerland. | The Birse. Cant. Berne. | |
| 2. | With the ending en. | |
| Ireland. | The Brosna. Leinster. | |
| Transylvania. | The Burzen. Joins the Aluta. | |
| Pruss. Pol. | The Prosna. | |
| 3. | With the ending el. | |
| France. | The Bresle. Enters the English Channel. | |
| 4. | With the ending ent. | |
| Germany. | The Persante. Pruss. Pom. | |
From the Sansc. rab or rav, to dart forth, whence (in a somewhat changed sense) Eng. rave, French ravir, Lat. rabidus, &c. The original meaning of a ravine was a great flood, or as Cotgrave expresses it—"A ravine or inundation of water, which overwhelmeth all things that come in its way."