FIG. PAGE
1.[Opening Temple-Doors by Steam, b. c. 200]6
2.[Steam Fountain, b. c. 200]7
3.[Hero’s Engine, b. c. 200]8
4.[Porta’s Apparatus, a. d. 1601]14
5.[De Caus’s Apparatus, a. d. 1605]15
6.[Branca’s Steam-Engine, a. d. 1629]17
7.[Worcester’s Steam-Fountain, a. d. 1650]21
8.[Worcester’s Engine, a. d. 1665]22
9.[Wall of Raglan Castle]22
10.[Huyghens’s Engine, 1680]26
11.[Savery’s Model, 1698]34
12.[Savery’s Engine, 1698]35
13.[Savery’s Engine, a. d. 1702]37
14.[Papin’s Two-Way Cock]42
15.[Engine Built by Desaguliers in 1718]43
16.[Papin’s Digester, 1680]48
17.[Papin’s Engine]50
18.[Papin’s Engine and Water-Wheel, a. d. 1707]53
19.[Newcomen’s Engine, a. d. 1705]59
20.[Beighton’s Valve-Gear, a. d. 1718]63
21.[Smeaton’s Newcomen Engine]65
22.[Boiler of Newcomen Engine, 1763]67
23.[Smeaton’s Portable-Engine Boiler, 1765]73
24.[The Newcomen Model]84
25.[Watt’s Experiment]89
26.[Watt’s Engine, 1774]98
27.[Watt’s Engine, 1781]104
28.[Expansion of Steam]108
29.[The Governor]115
30.[Mercury Steam-Gauge and Glass Water-Gauge]117
31.[Boulton & Watt’s Double-Acting Engine, 1784]119
32.[Valve-Gear of the Albion Mills Engine]121
33.[Watt’s Half-Trunk Engine, 1784]122
34.[The Watt Hammer, 1784]123
35.[James Watt’s Workshop]129
36.[Murdoch’s Oscillating Engine, 1785]134
37.[Hornblower’s Compound Engine, 1781]136
38.[Bull’s Pumping-Engine, 1798]139
39.[Cartwright’s Engine, 1798]141
40.[The First Railroad-Car, 1825]144
41.[Leupold’s Engine, 1720]148
42.[Newton’s Steam-Carriage, 1680]149
43.[Read’s Steam-Carriage, 1790]150
44.[Cugnot’s Steam-Carriage, 1770]151
45.[Murdoch’s Model, 1784]153
46.[Evans’s Non-Condensing Engine, 1800]156
47.[Evans’s “Oruktor Amphibolis,” 1804]157
48.[Gurney’s Steam-Carriage]163
49.[Hancock’s “Autopsy”, 1833]168
50.[Trevithick’s Locomotive, 1804]175
51.[Stephenson’s Locomotive of 1815. Section]187
52.[Stephenson’s No. 1 Engine, 1825]191
53.[Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railroad, 1815]192
54.[The “Novelty,” 1829]197
55.[The “Rocket,” 1829]198
56.[The Atmospheric Railroad]202
57.[Stephenson’s Locomotive, 1833]203
58.[The Stephenson Valve-Gear, 1833]206
59.[The “Atlantic,” 1832]210
60.[The “Best Friend,” 1830]211
61.[The “West Point,” 1831]212
62.[The “South Carolina,” 1831]213
63.[The “Stevens” Rail and Enlarged Section]215
64.[“Old Ironsides,” 1832]216
65.[The “E. L. Miller,” 1834]217
66.[Hulls’s Steamboat, 1736]226
67.[Fitch’s Model, 1785]236
68.[Fitch & Voight’s Boiler, 1787]238
69.[Fitch’s First Boat, 1787]238
70.[John Fitch, 1788]239
71.[John Fitch, 1796]240
72.[Miller, Taylor & Symmington, 1788]242
73.[Read’s Boiler in Section, 1788]245
74.[Read’s Multi-Tubular Boiler, 1788]245
75.[The “Charlotte Dundas,” 1801]247
76.[The “Comet,” 1812]248
77.[Fulton’s Experiments]253
78.[Fulton’s Table of Resistances]254
79.[Barlow’s Water-Tube Boiler, 1793]256
80.[The “Clermont,” 1807]258
81.[Engine of the “Clermont,” 1808]258
82.[Launch of the “Fulton the First,” 1804]262
83.[Section of Steam-Boiler, 1804]264
84.[Engine, Boiler, and Screw-Propellers used by Stevens, 1804]265
85.[Stevens’s Screw Steamer, 1804]265
86.[John Stevens’s Twin-Screw Steamer, 1805]269
87.[The Feathering Paddle-Wheel]272
88.[The “North America” and “Albany,” 1827-’30]274
89.[Stevens’s Return Tubular Boiler, 1832]275
90.[Stevens’s Valve-Motion]276
91.[The “Atlantic,” 1851]290
92.[The Side-Lever Engine, 1849]291
93.[Vertical Stationary Steam-Engine]308
94.[Vertical Stationary Steam-Engine. Section]309
95.[Horizontal Stationary Steam-Engine]312
96.[Horizontal Stationary Steam-Engine]313
97.[Corliss Engine]319
98.[Corliss Engine Valve-Motion]320
99.[Greene Engine]321
100.[Thurston’s Greene-Engine Valve-Gear]322
101.[Cornish Pumping-Engine, 1880]329
102.[Steam-Pump]331
103.[The Worthington Pumping-Engine, 1876. Section]333
104.[The Worthington Pumping-Engine]334
105.[Double-Cylinder Pumping-Engine, 1878]335
106.[The Lawrence Water-Works Engine]336
107.[The Leavitt Pumping-Engine]337
108.[Babcock & Wilcox’s Vertical Boiler]341
109.[Stationary “Locomotive” Boiler]342
110.[Galloway Tube]343
111.[Harrison’s Sectional Boiler]345
112.[Babcock and Wilcox’s Sectional Boiler]346
113.[Root Sectional Boiler]347
114.[Semi-Portable Engine, 1878]348
115.[Semi-Portable Engine, 1878]349
116.[The Portable Steam-Engine, 1878]354
117.[The Thrashers’ Road-Engine, 1878]355
118.[Fisher’s Steam-Carriage]356
119.[Road and Farm Locomotive]357
120.[The Latta Steam Fire-Engine]361
121.[The Amoskeag Engine. Section]363
122.[The Silsby Rotary Steam Fire-Engine]364
123.[Rotary Steam-Engine]365
124.[Rotary Pump]366
125.[Tank Engine, New York Elevated Railroad]369
126.[Forney’s Tank-Locomotive]370
127.[British Express Engine]371
128.[The Baldwin Locomotive. Section]372
129.[The American Type of Express Engine, 1878]374
130.[Beam Engine]380
131.[Oscillating Steam-Engine and Feathering Paddle-Wheel]381
132.[The Two “Rhode Islands,” 1836-1876]383
133.[A Mississippi Steamboat]384
134.[Steam-Launch, New York Steam-Power Company]386
135.[Launch-Engine]387
136.[Horizontal, Direct-acting Naval Screw Engine]389
137.[Compound Marine Engine. Side Elevation]390
138.[Compound Marine Engine. Front Elevation and Section]391
139.[Screw-Propeller]400
140.[Tug-Boat Screw]401
141.[Hirsch Screw]401
142.[Marine Fire-Tubular Boiler. Section]403
143.[Marine High-Pressure Boiler. Section]404
144.[The Modern Steamship]407
145.[Modern Iron-Clads]410
146.[The “Great Eastern”]415
147.[The “Great Eastern” at Sea]416

PORTRAITS.

NO.PAGE
1.[Edward Somerset, the Second Marquis of Worcester]20
2.[Thomas Savery]31
3.[Denys Papin]46
4.[James Watt]80
5.[Matthew Boulton]94
6.[Oliver Evans]154
7.[Richard Trevithick]174
8.[Colonel John Stevens]178
9.[George Stephenson]183
10.[Robert Fulton]251
11.[Robert L. Stevens]270
12.[John Elder]393
13.[Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford]434
14.[James Prescott Joule]439
15.[Prof. W. J. M. Rankine]443

[“A Machine, receiving at distant times and from many hands new combinations and improvements, and becoming at last of signal benefit to mankind, may be compared to a rivulet swelled in its course by tributary streams, until it rolls along a majestic river, enriching, in its progress, provinces and kingdoms.

“In retracing the current, too, from where it mingles with the ocean, the pretensions of even ample subsidiary streams are merged in our admiration of the master-flood, glorying, as it were, in its expansion. But as we continue to ascend, those waters which, nearer the sea, would have been disregarded as unimportant, begin to rival in magnitude and share our attention with the parent stream; until, at length, on our approaching the fountains of the river, it appears trickling from the rock, or oozing from among the flowers of the valley.

“So, also, in developing the rise of a machine, a coarse instrument or a toy may be recognized as the germ of that production of mechanical genius, whose power and usefulness have stimulated our curiosity to mark its changes and to trace its origin. The same feelings of reverential gratitude which attached holiness to the spot whence mighty rivers sprang, also clothed with divinity, and raised altars in honor of, inventors of the saw, the plough, the potter’s wheel, and the loom.”—Stuart.]