Pagan and Christian Rome

by Rodolfo Amedeo Lanciani

• Hadrian, Emperor, [49], [99]
  • attitude toward Christianity, [11]
• Hadrian's Mole, and apartments built by Paul III., [247]
• Hair, restoration of, ascribed to Minerva, [63]
• Haran, or Charan, [355]
• Helena, tomb of, [197] (cut), [198] (plate)
• Henry IV. of France, column of, [36]
• Hercules, [104]
  • labors of, [25]
  • bronze statue of, [69]
• Hermes Trismegistos, [25]
• Hermione, Claudia, her tomb, [129]
• Herod, King, profaned the tomb of David, [205]
• Herodes Atticus. See Atticus
• Hierones, [67]
• Hippolytus, statue of, [141], [143] (cut)
• Hispellum, temple dedicated to Constantine, [22]
• Honorius I., Pope, [137]
• Horace, the Carmen Sæculare, [78], [81]
• Horrea publica, [44]
  • advertisement for leasing and regulations for use found, [45]
• House of a patrician, discovered in the Farnesina gardens, [263] (cut)

• Improvvisatori, [281], [283]
• Innocent VIII., Pope, his tomb, [145], [242] (plate)
• Inscription, to Acilius Glabrio (cut), [4]
  • to Pomponius, [9]
  • found near Porta del Popolo in 1877, [15] (cut)
  • to M. Anneus Paulus Petrus, [16] (cut)
  • to Publia Ælia Proba, [19]
  • to Petro Lilluti Paulo, [18] n.
  • on arch of Constantine, [20]
  • on the pyramid of Louis XIV., [36]
  • on the column of Henry IV., [37] n.
  • in baths of the churches of SS. Sylvester and Martin, [38]
  • in temple of Hercules Tivoli, [40]
  • on pagan tombs relating to libations, [42]
  • inventory of works of art in the temple of Diana Nemorensis, [55]
  • tariff for sacrifices, [57]
  • mentioning the Roma Quadrata, [71]
  • altar of Aius Locutius, [72]
  • to the Genius of Rome, [72]
  • descriptive of the Ludi Sæculares, [73], [79] (text in appendindex)
  • of the Ara Incendii Neroniani, [84]
  • on the foundation walls of the temple of Jupiter, [88]
  • pedestal of statue of Semo Sancus, [106]
  • on the label of a dog's collar, [153]
  • S. Paul's tombstone, [157] (cut)
  • spurious inscriptions, [301]
  • the immense number that have been lost, [320]
  • military inscriptions, from the Prætorian camp, [351]
  • See, also, Epitaphs Graffiti
• Iseum. See Temple of Isis
• Isis, altar to, in church of Aracœli, [27]
  • statue of, [55]
• Italians, tolerant in matters of religion, [16]

• Januarius, S., his grave in the Catacombs, [322] (cut)
• Jerome, S., on the celebration of S. Peter's day, [44]
• Jesuits, expelled from Portugal, Spain, and France, [251]
• Jews, position in the Roman Empire, [12]
  • toleration enjoyed in Rome, [16], [309]
  • responsible for the first Christian persecution, [311]
• Johannipolis, [153]
• John III., Pope, [38]
• John VIII., Pope, builds the defences of S. Paolo, [154]
  • defeats the Saracens off Cape Circeo, [154]
• John X., Pope, death and burial, [235]
• Jubilee of 1350, [166]
• Julian the Apostate, [355]
• Jupiter, statue of, in Constantine, Algeria, [56]

• Labyrinths, in church pavements, [31]
• Lamps, ornamented with figure of the Good Shepherd, [18] (cut)
  • found in the Catacombs, [218]
• Lance, Holy, story of, [243]
• Laocoön, fragments found under the church of S. Pudentiana, [113]
• Lateran museum, [141]
• Lateran palace, its early occupation by the Church, [21]
• Leo I. (the Great), 155 his tomb, [223]
• Leo IV., Pope, [137]
• Leo X., Pope, [93]
• Leto, Pomponio, his academy, [359]
• Licentius, a pupil of S. Augustine, his career, [14]
  • his tomb discovered, [14]
• Licinianus, Calpurnius, [278]
• Licinii Calpurnii, their tomb, [276]
  • their history, [277]
• Linus, the successor of Peter and Paul, [125]
  • his tomb discovered, [130]
• Lipsanotheca, [166]
• Locanda della Gaiffa, [181]
• Loretto, Santa Casa, [25]
• Louis XIV., pyramid of, in Rome, [36]
• Love-feasts, [42]
• Lucca, Cathedral, [31]
• Lucina, a Christian matron, [9]
• Ludi sæculares. See Secular games
• Ludi Tarentini, [75]
• Luke, cardinal, his tomb, [159]

• Mamertine prison, [163]
• Map of Rome, the author's, [163] n.
• Marius, pillages the ruins of the Temple of Jupiter, [87]
• Mark, Pope, [50]
• Marriages, mindexed, in pagan Rome, [15]
  • Tertullian on, [15]
• Martial, Valerius, house of, [192]
• Martyrs, early, [3]
  • their alleged stupidity, [7]
  • stones said to be tied to the necks of, [39], [41]
  • love-feasts celebrated near their tombs, [42]
  • their tombs decorated with flowers, [49]
  • their burial and tombs, [119]
  • scene of the first martyrdoms, [127]
  • churches connected with their houses, [158]
  • their tombs in the Catacombs, [322]
  • their bodies translated from suburban cemeteries to the city, [325]
  • bas-relief representing an execution, [339] (cut)
• Mausolea. See Tombs
• Mellini, Pietro and Mario, [166]
• Memoriæ, [42]
• Messalina, [277]
• Meta, its signification lost, [128]
• Meta di Borgo, [27]
• Michael, archangel, summits of hills consecrated to, [226]
  • the statue on the mausoleum of Hadrian, [227], [228] (cut)
• Michelangelo, his first design for S. Peter's, [146]
• Military inscriptions from the Prætorian camp, [351]
• Military service of Christians under the Roman Empire, [18]
• Minerva in Christian art, [25]
  • honored as a restorer of hair, [63]
• Monastery of S. Alessio, [235]
  • of S. Andrew, [229], [230] (cut)
• Monte Mario, [165]
• Monte Testaccio, [181]
• Mosaics, in church of S. Paolo alle Tre Fontane, [25]
  • in church of S. Andrea, [29] (cut)
  • in church of S. Pudentiana, [113]
  • in S. Peter's, [139]
• Mundus muliebris, [204]
• Museo delle Terme, [268]
• Museums. See Capitoline, Lateran, Vatican
  • also dei Conservatori, under Palaces
• Music, religious, school of, established by Gregory, [229]

• Naples, church of the Olivetans, [25]
• Nemi, the site of a temple of Diana, [60] (cut)
• Neptunium. See Temple of Neptune, [99]
• Nereus and Achilleus, martyrs, [337]
• Nero, [127], [287]
  • relation to Christianity, [11]
  • deserted by the legions, [185]
  • head of, [186] (cut)
  • his flight and death, [187]
  • his funeral, [189]
  • his tomb, [189]
• Nerva, [177]
• Nicomachus Flavianus, attempt to restore paganism, [97]

• Oaths, [105]
• Obelisks, discovered in Rome, [92], [97], [172]
  • of Rameses the Great, discovered in 1883, [95]
• Oils, [218]
• Oratories, private, of the early Christians, [109]
• Orientation of churches, [120], [152]
• Orpheus, in Christian art, [23] (cut)
• Ossaria, [256]
• Ostia, imperial palace at, [25]
  • granary at, [47] (cut)
• Otho II., his tomb, [136]

• Pacuvius, [69]
• Pætus, Lucilius, tomb of, [283]
• Pagan rites and customs adopted by the Church, [23]
• Paintings, fresco in S. Clemente, translation of Cyril's remains, [32] (plate)
  • in a patrician house in the Farnesina gardens, [263], [264] (plate), [265] (cut)
  • in the Catacombs, discovered in 1714, [330]
  • in the Villa Amaranthiana, [335]
  • of the Saviour with SS. Paul and Peter in the Catacomb ad Duas Lauros, [356]
  • of the story of Jonah and the Symbolic Supper, [356], [357] (cut)
  • illustrations of the Gospel in the Catacombs, [358]
  • battle between Constantine and Maxentius, frontispiece
• Palaces: Albani del Drago, [30]
  • Altieri, [101]
  • Caffarelli, [85]
  • dei Conservatori, [30], [53], [77], [100], [185] (see also Capitoline museum)
  • Farnese, [100]
  • Fiano, [82]
  • Lateran (see Lateran)
  • Maraini, [280]
  • Moroni, [88]
  • Odescalchi, [100]
• Pammachius, [158]
• Pantheon, [56]
• Parenzo, Dalmatia, basilica of, [30]
• Paschal I., Pope, [326]
• Passion-plays in Rome, [181]
• Paul, the apostle, his friendship with Seneca, [17]
  • silver-gilt statue of, [26]
  • proofs of his death in Rome, [123]
  • position of his tomb, [151]
  • place of his execution, [156]
  • his grave and tombstone, [157] (cut)
  • portrait head, [212] (cut)
  • his liberty to preach in Rome, [311]
  • his friend Ampliatus, [343]
  • his body transferred temporarily to the Catacombs, [345]
• Paul, S., basilica of. See S. Paolo fuori le Mura, under Churches
• Paul and Peter, names on a pagan tomb, [16]
• Paul III., tomb, [245]
  • character, [246]
  • his patronage of art, [247]
  • his apartments on Hadrian's Mole, [247]
  • and Cellini, [247]
  • excavates the Baths of Caracalla, [249]
• Paul V., Pope, [48], [136], [144]
• Paulinus of Nola, [43]
  • his epistles to Licentius, [14]
• Pavements, basilica of Parenzo, [30]
• Pavia, Church of S. Michele Maggiore, [31]
• Pelagius II., Pope, [121]
• Pentecost, celebration of, [50]
• Perpetua, Acts of, [49]
• Persecution under Claudius, [310]
  • under Nero, [312]
  • under later emperors, [313]
  • under Diocletian, [314]
• Peter, S., celebration of the feast of, [43]
  • his presence in Rome proved by documents, [123]
  • by monumental evidence, [125]
  • the exact place of his execution determined, [127]
  • his tomb, [129]
  • his chair, [140] (cut)
  • the bronze statue, [141], [142] (cut)
  • his body probably still under the altar in his church, [148]
  • portrait head, [212] (cut)
  • his body transferred temporarily to the Catacombs, [345]
• Peter and Paul, houses connected with their stay in Rome, [110], [112]
• Petronilla, [3], [200]
  • her burial-place, [340]
  • represented in a fresco, 341 (cut)
  • not a daughter of S. Peter, [342]
• Phaon, Nero's flight to villa of, [186]
  • remains of villa of, [188] (map)
• Philip the Arab, Emperor, a Christian, [13]
• Philip the Younger, son of Philip the Arab, bust, [13] (cut)
• Piacenza, church of S. Sevino, [31]
  • votive tablet to Minerva found at, [63]
• Piazza di S. Maria Maggiore, [172], [182]
  • di Santa Maria in Trastevere, [220]
  • della Minerva, [95], [97]
  • del Pantheon, [95]
  • di Pietra, [99]
  • del Quirinale, [172]
  • della Rotonda, [92], [97]
  • della Stazione, [97]
  • di Termini, [48]
• Pilate, house of, [180]
• Pincian Hill, palace of the Acilii Glabriones, [5]
• Piso Frugi Licinianus, L. Calpurnius, [277]
• Platorinus, C. Sulpicius, his tomb, [265], [268] (plate)
• Poetical contests on the Capitol, [282]
• Polla, Lucilia, tomb of, [283]
• Polla, Minasia, [267] (plate)
• Pompeius Magnus, son of Licinius Crassus, [277]
  • his epitaph, [279]
• Pomponius Lætus, [246]
  • his academy, [359]
• Ponderaria, in churches, [39]
• Pons Vaticanus, [126]
• Ponte Nomentano, [187] (cut)
• Pontius, Bishop, [167]
• Popes, their portraits in the basilicas of Rome, [209]
  • their tombs, [213]
• Porta Sanqualis, [104]
• Portico of the Argonauts, [99]
  • of church of S. Paolo, [156]
  • of the Danaids, [71], [80]
• Poseidonion. See Temple of Neptune
• Præsens, Bruttius, [10]
• "Preaching of Peter," [124]
• Priscilla, wife of Abascantus, tomb of, [300]
• Pudens, [110]
  • his house, [112], [114] (cut), [115] (cut)
• Pudens, L. Valerius, [282]
• Pyramids on the Via Triumphalis, [271]

• Quadragesima Sunday, [50]
• Quietus, Postumius, [9]
• Quindecemviri, call for the celebration of the Secular games, [75]

• Ravenna, church of S. Vitale, [31]
• Regilla, Annia, wife of Herodes Atticus, [290]
  • her supposed tomb, [291] (cut)
• Renaissance, the interest in archæology, [101]
• Renzo di Maitano, [32]
• Rhodismos, [49]
• Ricci, Lorenzo, [252]
• Rienzi, [155]
  • his funeral pyre, [179]
  • his birthplace, [180]
• Robigalia, [165]
• Roma Quadrata, [70]
• Rome, its transformation to a Christian city, [1]
  • early Christian buildings, [3]
  • the freedom enjoyed by the church, [11]
  • the change gradual, [19]
  • evidences of it, [20]
  • artistic feeling among the lower classes, [32]
  • substitution of chapels and shrines for the aræ compitales, [33]
  • monumental crosses, [35]
  • warehouses, [44]
  • the calamities of the year 605, [46]
  • pagan shrines and temples, [51]
  • capture by the Gauls, b. c 390, [73]
  • the conflagration under Nero, [83]
  • occupation by the Saracens in 846, [149]
  • the author's archæological map of, [163] n.
  • population under Augustus, [175]
  • public improvements in his time, [176]
  • the city in the time of Gregory the Great, [226]
  • the charming surroundings of the city, [286]
  • the invasions of the Goths in the 5th and 6th centuries, [324]
  • the itineraries of pilgrims, [327]
• Rosaria, [48]
• Rosationes, [49]
• Rose, symbolism of, [49]
  • the golden rose of Quadragesima Sunday, [50]
• Rossi, De, discovers the crypt of the Acilii Glabriones, [4]
  • discovers tomb of Cornelius, [215]
  • discovers a fresco in the Catacomb ad Duas Lauros, [356]
• Rousalia, [49]
• Rues de Jerusalem, [31]
• Rusalky, [49]
• Rusticus, Junius, [40]