- Sabinianus, Pope, sold the grain in the church's granaries, [47]
- Sabinus, Flavius, [337]
- Sacellum Sanci, [104]
- Sacrifices, right to perform, granted to civilians, [57]
- tariff for, [57]
- Saint-Omer, church at, labyrinth, [31]
- Sallust, gardens of, [276]
- Sancus, worship of, [104]
- Sannazzaro, tomb of, [25]
- Saracens in Rome, in 846, [149]
- defeated off Cape Circeo, by John VIII., [154]
- Sarcophagi of the Calpurnii, [279], [280] (cut)
- from the cemetery of Cyriaca, [352]
- Sarcophagus, of the empress Helena, [198] (plate)
- of S. Constantia, [198]
- Saturus, martyr, [49]
- Scholæ, [42], [116]
- Scirtus, charioteer, [260]
- Seasons, the four, in Christian art, [25]
- Secular games, the inscription describing them found in 1890, [73] (cut)
- Semo Sancus, worship of, [104] statue, [105] (cut)
- Senate, resolutions relating to the Secular games, [80]
- Senate house, [163]
- Seneca, his friendship for Paul, [17]
- Septimius Severus, [12]
- Sergius II., Pope, [149]
- Serræ, citizens of, their banqueting-hall, [41]
- Severus Alexander, relation to Christianity 11, [13]
- Shoemakers, [274]
- Shrines, in Rome, [33]
- of Semo Sancus, [104]
- See also Altars
- Sibyls in Christian art, [24]
- Siena, Duomo, [25], [32]
- Silvio Antoniano, an improvvisatore, [283]
- Simon the Magician, confused with Semo Sancus, [104], [161]
- Simplicius and Faustinus, martyrs, [332]
- their bodies translated to S. Biviana, [333]
- Siricius, Pope, [112], [152]
- Sindextus II., Pope, [117]
- Sindextus V., Pope, the dome of St. Peter's, [146]
- Skeletons found in tombs, [273], [286]
- Solomon, Judgment of, represented in a Roman tomb, [270], [271] (cut)
- Sponges, found in tombs, [303] n.
- Statues, their immense number in ancient Rome, [52]
- ---- to Acilius Glabrio, [5]
- of Antinous, [240], [241] (cut)
- of Constantine, [164] (cut)
- of Gregory the Great, [225] (cut)
- of Hercules, [69]
- of Hippolytus, [141], [143] (cut)
- of Isis, [55]
- of Jupiter, [56]
- of Marcia Furnilla, [267]
- of S. Paul, [26]
- of S. Peter, [141], [142] (cut)
- of Semo Sancus, [105] (cut)
- the sphinx of Amasis, [94] (cut)
- of Tiberius, [268]
- of Vortumnus, [104]
- Stephen III., Pope, [48]
- Street-shrines in Rome, [33]
- Streets (ancient): Alta Semita, [190], [191] (cut)
- Streets (modern): Bocca della Verità, [181]
- Borgo Nuovo, [271]
- Coronari, [35]
- Corso, [180], [182]
- Corso d' Italia, [276]
- Corso Vittorio Emanuele, [75], [78]
- Ferratella, [293]
- SS. Giovanni e Paolo, [229]
- S. Ignazio, [92], [94]
- S. Lucia in Selci, [35]
- Marmorata, [181]
- Minerva Medica, [62]
- Porta S. Paolo, [181]
- Quattro Cantoni, [35]
- Quirinale-Venti Settembre, [190]
- Salara, [181]
- Strada di Monte Mario, [127]
- Vigne Nuove, [188]
- Sublician bridge, [33]
- Sulla, reconstructed the Capitolium, [87]
- his body burned, [253]
- Sulpicius Maximus, Q., his tomb, [280], [282] (plate)
- his story, [281]
- Sutores, [274]
- Sylvester I., [221]
- Sylvester II., his tomb, [236]
- Symmachus, Pope, [37], [135]
- Syringes, [321]
- Tablinum, [114]
- Tabularium, [53]
- Tarpeian Rock, [89]
- Tempietto del Bramante, [128]
- Temples, standards of weights and measures kept in, [40], [51]
- the art treasures collected in them, [52]
- commonly ornamented with hangings, etc., [56]
- evidence obtained from their vaults or favissæ, [58]
- invariably turned into Christian churches, 160.
- of Antoninus and Faustina, [163]
- of Apollo, [56], [71]
- its treasures of art, [52]
- Augusteum at Aneyra, [173]
- of Augustus, [101], [163]
- of Bacchus (so called), [199] (cut)
- of Ceres and Faustina, [292], [294] (cut)
- of Claudius, [160]
- of Concord, [53] (cut), [163]
- of Diana, [70]
- of Diana Nemorensis, [59]
- an inventory of its works of art discovered, [54]
- of the God Rediculus, [291] (cut)
- of Health, [69]
- of Hercules, [69]
- of Hercules, near Porta S. Lorenzo, [59]
- of Isis and Serapis, [92]
- of Janus Quadrifrons, [163]
- of Juno, at Veii, [64]
- of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, [56], [80], [84]
- literature, [84] n.
- architecture of the old temple, [86]
- destroyed by fire, [86]
- its restorations, [87]
- its platform and foundation walls, [87], [88] (cut)
- plan, 86 (plate)
- early notices of its remains, [89]
- plundered by the Vandals, [90]
- represented in pictorial reliefs, [90] (plate)
- public acts, etc., posted here, [91]
- of Jupiter Tonans, [80]
- of Malakbelos, [57]
- of Minerva Medica, [62]
- of Neptune, [99], [161]
- its bas-reliefs, [100] (cut)
- of Peace, [56]
- of Piety, [5]
- Sacræ Urbis, [28] (cut), [162]
- of the Sibyl at Tivoli, [161]
- of Venus, [161]
- of Venus and Rome, [56]
- Terebinth of Nero, [27]
- Terentum, the pool, [74]
- Thebes, the tombs of the kings, [321]
- Theresa, Empress of Brazil, excavations at Veii, [65], [66]
- Tiber, ex-votos probably to be found in, [62]
- Tiberius, Emp., [11], [96]
- statue, [268]
- Tiles of the roof of S. Peter's, [139]
- Tivoli, mensæ ponderariæ found at, [40]
- temple of the Sibyl, [161]
- Toilet-box, in the sarcophagus of Crepereia Tryphæna, [303]
- Tombs of Christians of high rank in Rome, [10]
- of Christian prætorians, [18]
- inscriptions on, [42], [261]
- the word meta applied to, [128]
- discovered in 1614-[16], in the vicinity of S. Peter's, [129]
- occasion of their destruction, [131]
- in S. Peter's, [145]
- of Christian emperors, [196], [200] (cut)
- of the popes, [213]
- the pontifical crypt, [269]
- cost, [257]
- the immense number surrounding the city, [260]
- on the Via Aurelia, [262]
- near the Villa Pamfili-Doria, [269]
- on the Via Triumphalis, [270]
- on the Via Salaria, [275]
- their inviolability under Roman law, [307]
- the early Christian tombs not concealed, [315]
- See also, Burial Catacombs Cemeteries Sarcophagi
- ---- of Ampliatus, [342]
- of M. Anneus Paulus Petrus, [16]
- of Annia Regilla, [291] (cut)
- of Augustus, [172], [177], [179], [181]
- of Benedict VII., [234]
- of Ceadwalla, [232]
- of Claudia Ecloge, [190]
- of Clement XIII., [249], [250] (plate)
- of S. Constantia, [198], [199] (cut)
- of Pope Cornelius, [215] (cut), [218] (plate)
- of Crepereia Tryphæna, [302] (plate)
- of the Flavians, [190], [316] (cut), [338]
- of Geta, [196] (cut)
- of Gregory the Great, [221], [223]
- of Hadrian, [227], [228] (cut)
- of Helena, mother of Constantine, at Torre Pignattara, [197] (cut)
- of Helius, the shoemaker, [273], [274] (cut)
- of other shoemakers, [275]
- of the horse of Lucius Verus, [272]
- of Innocent VIII., [242] (plate)
- of Leo the Great, [223]
- of Licentius, [14]
- of the Licinii Calpurnii, [276]
- of Linus, [130]
- of Lucilia Polla, [283]
- its vicissitudes, [284]
- of Luke, card. of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, [159]
- of Maria, wife of Honorius, [203]
- of Nero, [189]
- of kings Offa of Essex and Coenred of Mercia, [233]
- of Otho II., [136]
- of S. Paul, [157]
- of Paul III., [245], [246] (plate)
- of S. Peter, [129]
- of Sannazzaro, [25]
- of Q. Sulpicius Maximus, [280], [282] (plate)
- of Sulpicius Platorinus, [265], [268] (plate)
- of Silvester II., [236]
- of Urban VI., [146]
- Torre Marancia, [335]
- Torre Pignattara, [197] (cut)
- Totila, siege of, a. d. 546, [46]
- Trajan, instructions in regard to the persecution of Christians, [313]
- Triopium, [290]
- Tryphæna, Crepereia, her tomb discovered in 1889, [302]
- objects found in the sarcophagus, [303]
- Tubilustrium, [275]
- Tulliola, daughter of Cicero, [300] (plate)
- Tusculum, Roman expedition against, [177]
- Urania, daughter of Herodes Atticus, [9]
- Urban VI., Pope, desecration of his tomb, [146]
- Urbino, Sphæristerion, [97]
- Urns, cinerary, [266]
- Ustrinum of the imperial family, [170]
- Val d' Inferno, [287]
- Valle della Caffarella, [286]
- Valle dei Morti, [178]
- Vases, found in the tomb of Maria, [205]
- Vassalectus, an inscription of, [238] (cut)
- candelabrum and other works, [239] (cut)
- Vatican district, its early topography, [127]
- Vatican museum, [26], [93], [105], [106], [182], [185], [198]
- Vedjovis, shrine of, [85]
- Vegetus, Valerius, house of, [192]
- Veii, its capture by Camillus, [64]
- site of a temple of Juno, [65] (cut)
- Verus, Lucius, tomb of his horse, [272]
- Vestal virgins, [33], [81]
- Via Appia, [172], [215]
- its tombs, [286] (plate)
- the body of a girl discovered in 1485, [295], [298] (cut)
- ---- Ardeatina, [315]
- ---- Aurelia, tombs on, [262]
- ---- Clodia, [127]
- ---- Cornelia, [127], [128]
- ---- Labicana, [172], [354]
- ---- Latina, [116], [178]
- ---- Merulana, [62]
- Nomentana, [188], [197]
- ---- Ostiensis, [150], [151]
- ---- Sacra, [82], [161]
- ---- Salaria, [4] (map), [7], [172], [221]
- tombs on, [275]
- ---- Triumphalis, [127]
- tombs on, [270]
- Via Dolorosa of Jerusalem, imitated at Rome, [181]
- Viatrindex, S., [334] (cut)
- Victor, S., Pomponio's academy placed under his patronage, [359]
- Vigilius, Pope, [46]
- repaired the damages done by the Goths in the Catacombs, [325]
- Vigna Barberini, [162]
- Vigne Nuove, [287]
- Villa Amaranthiana, [335]
- Virgin, immagine di Ponte, [35]
- Volesus, founds the Ludi Tarentini, [74]
- Volkanalia, [84]
- Vortumnus, [104]
- Votive head, to Minerva, [63] (cut)
- Votive offerings. See Ex-votos
- Warehouses, [44]
- Wedding presents, of Maria, wife of Honorius, [204]
- of Projecta, wife of Turcius Asterius Secundus, [206]
- Wilpert, Joseph, his skill in tracing old paintings, [358]
- Xerxes and the battle of Salamis, [289]
FOOTNOTES:
[1] The relations between the Empire, the Christians, and the Jews have been discussed by really numberless writers, beginning with the Fathers of the Church. I have consulted, among the moderns: Mangold: De ecclesia primæva pro cæsaribus et magistratibus romanis preces fundente. Bonn, 1881.—Bittner: De Græcorum et Romanorum deque Judæorum et christianorum sacris jejuniis. Posen, 1846.—Weiss: Die römischen Kaiser in ihrem Verhältnisse zu Juden und Christen. Wien, 1882.—Mourant Brock: Rome, Pagan and Papal. London, Hodder & Co. 1883.—Backhouse and Taylor: History of the primitive Church. (Italian edition.) Rome, Loescher, 1890.—Greppo: Trois mémoires relatifs à l'histoire ecclésiastique.—Döllinger: Christenthum und Kirche.—Champagny (Comte de): Les Antonins, vol. i.—Gaston Boissier: La fin du paganisme, etc., 2 vols. Paris, Hachette, 1891.—Giovanni Marangoni: Delle cose gentilesche trasportate ad uso delle chiese. Roma, Pagliarini, 1744.—Mosheim: De rebus Christianis ante Constantinum.—Carlo Fea: Dissertazione sulle rovine di Roma, in Winckelmann's Storia delle arti. Roma, Pagliarini, 1783, vol. iii.—Louis Duchesne: Le liber pontificalis. Paris, Thorin, 1886-1892.—G.B. de Rossi: Bullettino di archeologia cristiana. Roma, Salviucci, 1863-1891.
[2] See de Rossi: Bullettino di archeologia cristiana, 1888-1889, p. 15; 1890, p. 97.—Edmond Le Blant: Comptes rendus de l'Acad. des Inscript., 1888, p. 113.—Arthur Frothingham: American Journal of Archæology, June, 1888, p. 214.—R. Lanciani: Gli horti Aciliorum sul Pincio, in the Bullettino della commissione archeologica, 1891, p. 132; Underground Christian Rome, in the Atlantic Monthly, July, 1891.
[3] See Ersilia Lovatelli: Il Monte Pincio, in the Miscellanea archeologica, p. 211.—Rodolfo Lanciani: Su gli orti degli Acili sul Pincio, in the Bullettino di corrispondenza archeologica, 1868, p. 132.
[4] A description of the beautiful villa of Herodes, adjoining the Catacombs of Prætextatus, will be found in chapter vi. pp. 287 sqq.