[5] Gibbon.
[6] Chronicle of Nestor.
[7] S. Solov’ev, Istoriya Rossie. Karamzin, Histoire de Russie. Chronique de Nestor. Schiemann, Russland, Polen, und Livland. N. P. Barsov, Otcherke Rousskoy istoritcheskoy Geografie. V. Thomsen, The Relations between Ancient Russia and Scandinavia.
[8] Kiev was subsequently invested with a past of respectable antiquity, the consecration of its site being attributed to the Apostle Andrew; it makes its entry on the pages of the Chronicle, however, simply as a gorodok, or townlet.
[9] Chronicle of Nestor.
[10] Schiemann, Russland, Polen, und Livland.
[11] Members of war council.
[12] Kniaz, Prince; velikie-Kniaz, Grand Prince.
[13] Now Iskorosk, on the Usha.
[14] Solov’ev.