[15] Karamzin.
[16] Old Ladoga.
[17] Old Skandinavian name for Russia.
[18] See [genealogical table].
[19] Chronique de Nestor.
[20] Although loth to introduce a fresh spelling for a word which has already been rendered in some dozen or more forms by English, French, and German historians, I have thought it best to follow the Russian orthography of this Slavonic title.
[21] Karamzin, Solov’ev, Schiemann, Rambaud, Chronique de Nestor.
[22] See [Table I]. for Grand Princes of Kiev.
[23] The affix vitch signifies son of: Sviatoslavitch—son of Sviatoslav.
[24] Vseslav Briatcheslavitch.