Caenis, concubine of Vespasian, influence and intrigues of, [52], [115]
Caligula, wild schemes and profusion of, [32];his cruelty and insolence to Senators, [51];depraving example, [73];consults the oracle of Fortune at Antium, [472];apparitions at his burial, [490];claims of divinity, [615]
wild schemes and profusion of, [32];
his cruelty and insolence to Senators, [51];
depraving example, [73];
consults the oracle of Fortune at Antium, [472];
apparitions at his burial, [490];
claims of divinity, [615]
Calpurnia, Pliny’s wife, character of, and his love for her, [188], [189];literary taste of, [80]
character of, and his love for her, [188], [189];
literary taste of, [80]
Canabae legionis, at Lambesi, [208]
Canusium, Album of, [210];Herodes Atticus gave an aqueduct to, [225]
Album of, [210];
Herodes Atticus gave an aqueduct to, [225]
Captation, a regular profession, [72];result of plebeian poverty and aristocratic vice, [96];at Croton, in Petronius, [127];Regulus a captator, [156]
a regular profession, [72];
result of plebeian poverty and aristocratic vice, [96];
at Croton, in Petronius, [127];
Regulus a captator, [156]
Carnuntum, in Pannonia, a seat of Mithraism from 70 A.D., [591];its temples, [595];temple restored at, by the imperial house, in the fourth century, [619]
a seat of Mithraism from 70 A.D., [591];
its temples, [595];
temple restored at, by the imperial house, in the fourth century, [619]
Centumviral court, the, picture of, in Pliny’s Letters, [154] sqq.;he welcomes young aristocrats to, [187]
picture of, in Pliny’s Letters, [154] sqq.;
he welcomes young aristocrats to, [187]
Chaeremon, Alexandrian librarian, wrote a treatise on Isis, [568]
Charity, and munificence, provision for poor children by Trajan and later Emperors, [192], [193];private benevolence exemplified by Pliny, [193];his benefactions, [193] sqq.;other examples in the inscriptions, [193], [224];the Stertinii, [224];Dion Chrysostom and [pg 629]his father, [225];Herodes Atticus, enormous benefactions of, [ib.];munificence of the Emperors, Vespasian, Titus, Hadrian, [227], [228];private examples from inscriptions, [223], [229];ideals of the uses of wealth, [232];men ruin themselves by generosity, [245]
provision for poor children by Trajan and later Emperors, [192], [193];
private benevolence exemplified by Pliny, [193];
his benefactions, [193] sqq.;
other examples in the inscriptions, [193], [224];
the Stertinii, [224];
Dion Chrysostom and [pg 629]his father, [225];
Herodes Atticus, enormous benefactions of, [ib.];
munificence of the Emperors, Vespasian, Titus, Hadrian, [227], [228];
private examples from inscriptions, [223], [229];
ideals of the uses of wealth, [232];
men ruin themselves by generosity, [245]
Cicero, adorned by Pliny, [158];on augury, [445];on beneficence, [190];on superstition, [443];on legend, [495];on Delphi, [471];on immortality, [488]
adorned by Pliny, [158];
on augury, [445];
on beneficence, [190];
on superstition, [443];
on legend, [495];
on Delphi, [471];
on immortality, [488]
City life, splendour of, in the Antonine age, [4];weariness of life in the capital, [174];growth of, in Gaul, Spain, Dacia, and Asia, [200] sqq.
splendour of, in the Antonine age, [4];
weariness of life in the capital, [174];
growth of, in Gaul, Spain, Dacia, and Asia, [200] sqq.
Claudian, connects Mithra with Bel, [588];contempt for Greeks, [90]
connects Mithra with Bel, [588];
contempt for Greeks, [90]
Claudius, recruits the Senate from the provinces, [71], [72];Hellenism of, [89];his encouragement of trade, [264];his effort to revive the art of augury, [445];banishes the astrologers, [418];conservative in religion, [536];persecutes the Jewish and Druidic religions, [566]
recruits the Senate from the provinces, [71], [72];
Hellenism of, [89];
his encouragement of trade, [264];
his effort to revive the art of augury, [445];
banishes the astrologers, [418];
conservative in religion, [536];
persecutes the Jewish and Druidic religions, [566]
Claudius Etruscus, career of, and duties as minister, [109]
Clea, a priestess of Osiris at Delphi, [424]
Client, the, in Juvenal, [93], [94];change of the relation under the Empire, [ib.];the relation in the colleges, [273]
in Juvenal, [93], [94];
change of the relation under the Empire, [ib.];
the relation in the colleges, [273]
Clients, position in the time of Juvenal, [93] sq.;and Martial, [61]
position in the time of Juvenal, [93] sq.;
and Martial, [61]
Clodius, P., uses the colleges, [254]
Colleges, the, plebeian class in towns, [251];pride of free artisan class, [253];early history of Collegia, [254];danger from, [255];restrained by law, [ib.];an irresistible movement, [256];wish for pious burial, [257];evidence on, from inscriptions, [258];funerary colleges authorised, [259];consequences of the concession, [260];College of Diana and Antinous, its organisation, fees, etc. [260] sqq.;College of Aesculapius and Hygia, its regulations, [262];colleges founded on religion, [263];industrial colleges, great fair at Cremona, [264];wandering traders, collegia peregrinorum, [265];colleges at Lyons, Ostia, Arles, etc. [265] sq.;objects of association, [266] sqq.;favoured by masters, [267];colleges moulded on the model of the city, names of offices, etc. [269];gradation of rank in, its object, [270];how the schola was provided, [271];associations gather round it, gifts made to it, [272];College of Silvanus at Philippi, [ib.];patrons of, and their raison d’être, [273];colleges and their patrons of very different rank, [274];election of a patron, [ib.];colleges founded to guard a tomb, [276];provisions for permanent observances, [277];college feasts and sportulae, [277] sq.;regulations for decorum in, fines, [279];the college a family, in which the slave is an equal, [281];were colleges eleemosynary institutions? [282];military colleges of Lambesi, their organisation and objects, [283] sqq.;extinction of a college, [285]
plebeian class in towns, [251];
pride of free artisan class, [253];
early history of Collegia, [254];
danger from, [255];
restrained by law, [ib.];
an irresistible movement, [256];
wish for pious burial, [257];
evidence on, from inscriptions, [258];
funerary colleges authorised, [259];
consequences of the concession, [260];
College of Diana and Antinous, its organisation, fees, etc. [260] sqq.;
College of Aesculapius and Hygia, its regulations, [262];
colleges founded on religion, [263];
industrial colleges, great fair at Cremona, [264];
wandering traders, collegia peregrinorum, [265];
colleges at Lyons, Ostia, Arles, etc. [265] sq.;
objects of association, [266] sqq.;
favoured by masters, [267];
colleges moulded on the model of the city, names of offices, etc. [269];
gradation of rank in, its object, [270];
how the schola was provided, [271];
associations gather round it, gifts made to it, [272];
College of Silvanus at Philippi, [ib.];
patrons of, and their raison d’être, [273];
colleges and their patrons of very different rank, [274];
election of a patron, [ib.];
colleges founded to guard a tomb, [276];
provisions for permanent observances, [277];
college feasts and sportulae, [277] sq.;
regulations for decorum in, fines, [279];
the college a family, in which the slave is an equal, [281];
were colleges eleemosynary institutions? [282];
military colleges of Lambesi, their organisation and objects, [283] sqq.;
extinction of a college, [285]
Commodus, takes the tonsure of Isis and walks in an Isiac procession, [553];assumes the Mithraic title of Invictus, [618]
takes the tonsure of Isis and walks in an Isiac procession, [553];
assumes the Mithraic title of Invictus, [618]
Como, Pliny’s estates at, [145];his gifts to, [194];a suicide at, [184];honorarium of its curia, [209]
Pliny’s estates at, [145];
his gifts to, [194];
a suicide at, [184];
honorarium of its curia, [209]
Conversion, Seneca on, [34];result of the preaching of Apollonius, [347];conversion of Polemon, [ib.];of D. Chrysostom, [368];in Plutarch, [413]
Seneca on, [34];
result of the preaching of Apollonius, [347];
conversion of Polemon, [ib.];
of D. Chrysostom, [368];
in Plutarch, [413]
Corellius Rufus, suicide of, [184]
Cornelia, wife of Pompey, culture of, [80]
Cotta, M. Aurelius, liberality of, to a freedman, [119]
Country life, growing love of, [174];Roman country seats, their sites and architecture, [176];extent and grounds, [178];routine of life, [179];purchase and management of estates, [180];charm of the country in Roman literature, [197];yet contempt for it, [199];moral tone of, [2], [144], [147]
growing love of, [174];
Roman country seats, their sites and architecture, [176];
extent and grounds, [178];
routine of life, [179];
purchase and management of estates, [180];
charm of the country in Roman literature, [197];
yet contempt for it, [199];
moral tone of, [2], [144], [147]
Cremona, great fair at, [263];sack of, [264];colleges of youth at, [265];munificence of its citizens, [225]
great fair at, [263];
sack of, [264];
colleges of youth at, [265];
munificence of its citizens, [225]
Curatores, heard of first in the reign of Trajan, [222];control of municipal finance by, [248]
heard of first in the reign of Trajan, [222];
control of municipal finance by, [248]
Curia, the, composition of, illustrated by the roll of Canusium, [210];numbers, and qualification of, [214];its fate, [248]
composition of, illustrated by the roll of Canusium, [210];
numbers, and qualification of, [214];
its fate, [248]
Cynics, the, met a general demand for moral guidance, [340];description of, in Dion Chrysostom, [349];and in the literature of the age, [350] n.;the Cynic in Lucian’s Banquet, [ib.];attractions of the life of, [351];gross charges against; S. Augustine’s testimony, [352];causes of prejudice against, [ib.];death of Peregrinus as treated by Lucian, [355];affinity of, with Christian asceticism, [355], [361];evidently a great popular force, [358];a one-sided Stoicism, [359];Cynic ideal, [359] sq.;attitude to the Empire, [362] sq.;and to popular religion, [363];cultivated Cynics, [364] sqq.
met a general demand for moral guidance, [340];
description of, in Dion Chrysostom, [349];
and in the literature of the age, [350] n.;
the Cynic in Lucian’s Banquet, [ib.];
attractions of the life of, [351];
gross charges against; S. Augustine’s testimony, [352];
causes of prejudice against, [ib.];
death of Peregrinus as treated by Lucian, [355];
affinity of, with Christian asceticism, [355], [361];
evidently a great popular force, [358];
a one-sided Stoicism, [359];
Cynic ideal, [359] sq.;
attitude to the Empire, [362] sq.;
and to popular religion, [363];
cultivated Cynics, [364] sqq.
Dacia, organisation and town life of, [201];worship of Magna Mater in, [549];of Isis, [568];settlement of, by Trajan, a [pg 630]seat of Mithraism, [594];of the worship of Isis and Magna Mater, [549], [568]
organisation and town life of, [201];
worship of Magna Mater in, [549];
of Isis, [568];
settlement of, by Trajan, a [pg 630]seat of Mithraism, [594];
of the worship of Isis and Magna Mater, [549], [568]
Daemons, conception of, in Plutarch and Maximus of Tyre, [426];history of, in Greek literature from Hesiod, [427];use of the idea by Platonists, [425];Xenocrates first taught the existence of evil daemons, [431] sq.;employed by Plutarch to rehabilitate myth, [432];believed in by the Fathers, [433];a cause of oracular inspiration, [437];mortality of, [426];daemon of Socrates, [438];daemon a higher self, [439];daemonology an attempt to bridge the gulf between man and the Infinite Spirit, [603]
conception of, in Plutarch and Maximus of Tyre, [426];
history of, in Greek literature from Hesiod, [427];
use of the idea by Platonists, [425];
Xenocrates first taught the existence of evil daemons, [431] sq.;
employed by Plutarch to rehabilitate myth, [432];
believed in by the Fathers, [433];
a cause of oracular inspiration, [437];
mortality of, [426];
daemon of Socrates, [438];
daemon a higher self, [439];
daemonology an attempt to bridge the gulf between man and the Infinite Spirit, [603]
Dea Dia, worship of, [540]
Delation, history and causes of, [35];delators of every rank, [ib.];attractions of, wealth gained by, [36];Regulus a delator, [37], [155];Silius Italicus, [164];under Domitian, [35]
history and causes of, [35];
delators of every rank, [ib.];
attractions of, wealth gained by, [36];
Regulus a delator, [37], [155];
Silius Italicus, [164];
under Domitian, [35]
Delphi, temple of Osiris at, [424];Plutarch’s love of, [403], [435];decay of, in first century, [434];revival of, [435];why oracles were given in prose, [436];sources of its inspiration, [437];Nero’s violence to, [472];Hadrian tested, [ib.]
temple of Osiris at, [424];
Plutarch’s love of, [403], [435];
decay of, in first century, [434];
revival of, [435];
why oracles were given in prose, [436];
sources of its inspiration, [437];
Nero’s violence to, [472];
Hadrian tested, [ib.]
Demetrius, the Cynic, life of, [361];a cultivated ascetic, [362];knew Apollonius of Tyana, [ib.];attitude to the Empire, beards Nero and Vespasian, [ib.]
life of, [361];
a cultivated ascetic, [362];
knew Apollonius of Tyana, [ib.];
attitude to the Empire, beards Nero and Vespasian, [ib.]
Demonax, attitude to popular religion, [363];origin, education, and philosophic tone of, [364];fashion of his life and teaching, [365];epigrams and sarcasms, [365] sq.;his personal magnetism, and reverence for him after his death, [366]
attitude to popular religion, [363];
origin, education, and philosophic tone of, [364];
fashion of his life and teaching, [365];
epigrams and sarcasms, [365] sq.;
his personal magnetism, and reverence for him after his death, [366]
Dendrophori, dedications by, to Magna Mater, [549];in the inscriptions, [551];at Lyons, [557]
dedications by, to Magna Mater, [549];
in the inscriptions, [551];
at Lyons, [557]
Dion Chrysostom, view of the Cynics, [349];early history, exile, conversion, and preaching of, [367] sq.;orations of, [368];simple philosophy, and view of the time, [369], [370];warning to Tarsus, [370];sermon at Olbia, [371] sq.;picture of city life in Asia Minor, its vices and jealousies, [372] sqq.;gospel of social charity, [373];scorn for the Alexandrian character, [374];his prose idyll on virtuous rural life in Euboea, [375] sq.;view of prostitution and slavery, [376];ideal of monarchy, parable of the Two Peaks, [377] sqq.;oration at Olympia, [379] sq.;suggested by Olympian Zeus of Pheidias, [380];Dion’s discussion on natural theology and anthropomorphism, [381];makes Pheidias defend representation of the Infinite in human form, [382];his Zeus a moral ideal and spiritual power, [383]
view of the Cynics, [349];
early history, exile, conversion, and preaching of, [367] sq.;
orations of, [368];
simple philosophy, and view of the time, [369], [370];
warning to Tarsus, [370];
sermon at Olbia, [371] sq.;
picture of city life in Asia Minor, its vices and jealousies, [372] sqq.;
gospel of social charity, [373];
scorn for the Alexandrian character, [374];
his prose idyll on virtuous rural life in Euboea, [375] sq.;
view of prostitution and slavery, [376];
ideal of monarchy, parable of the Two Peaks, [377] sqq.;
oration at Olympia, [379] sq.;
suggested by Olympian Zeus of Pheidias, [380];
Dion’s discussion on natural theology and anthropomorphism, [381];
makes Pheidias defend representation of the Infinite in human form, [382];
his Zeus a moral ideal and spiritual power, [383]
Domitian, delators under, [35];his belief in astrology, [45];secret of his reign, [52];value of the authorities on, [52 n.];good traits in his character, [53];his encouragement of literature and political merit, [ib.];his Hellenism, [89];a moral reformer, [54], [74];causes of his unpopularity, [54];contradictions in his character, [55];replenishes the treasury by confiscation, [56];his terror at the end, [56], [57], [450];his funereal banquet, [57];founds a quinquennial competition in literature, [171];his superstition, [450];a conservative in religion, [536];celebrated the Quinquatria of Minerva, [538];his victories, [542];escaped from the capital in the vestments of Isis in 69 A.D., [567];built a temple to Isis, [ib.];first called Dominus et Deus, [615]
delators under, [35];
his belief in astrology, [45];
secret of his reign, [52];
value of the authorities on, [52 n.];
good traits in his character, [53];
his encouragement of literature and political merit, [ib.];
his Hellenism, [89];
a moral reformer, [54], [74];
causes of his unpopularity, [54];
contradictions in his character, [55];
replenishes the treasury by confiscation, [56];
his terror at the end, [56], [57], [450];
his funereal banquet, [57];
founds a quinquennial competition in literature, [171];
his superstition, [450];
a conservative in religion, [536];
celebrated the Quinquatria of Minerva, [538];
his victories, [542];
escaped from the capital in the vestments of Isis in 69 A.D., [567];
built a temple to Isis, [ib.];
first called Dominus et Deus, [615]
Dreams, in temples of healing, [460];dream-oracles, [461];prescriptions in, [463], [464];treatise of Artemidorus on, [467] sqq.;his faith in, [468];his absurdities, [470];Pliny on, [452], [490]
in temples of healing, [460];
dream-oracles, [461];
prescriptions in, [463], [464];
treatise of Artemidorus on, [467] sqq.;
his faith in, [468];
his absurdities, [470];
Pliny on, [452], [490]
Education, Vespasian endows, [148];influence of Quintilian on, [149];Pliny helps to endow a school at Como, [193];culture in Asia Minor, [372];among freedmen, [131], [134]
Vespasian endows, [148];
influence of Quintilian on, [149];
Pliny helps to endow a school at Como, [193];
culture in Asia Minor, [372];
among freedmen, [131], [134]
Empire, the, its temptations, [31];the influence of the Emperor’s example illustrated, [31];how waste led to cruelty and confiscation, [33];the secret of the imperial terror, various theories, [37];the ideal of the Empire, [39], [43];constant danger from pretenders, [40], [41], [44];the fiction of Augustus, the Emperor’s real power, [41];checks upon it, [42];its tolerance of municipal liberty, [203]
its temptations, [31];
the influence of the Emperor’s example illustrated, [31];
how waste led to cruelty and confiscation, [33];
the secret of the imperial terror, various theories, [37];
the ideal of the Empire, [39], [43];
constant danger from pretenders, [40], [41], [44];
the fiction of Augustus, the Emperor’s real power, [41];
checks upon it, [42];
its tolerance of municipal liberty, [203]
Entellus, gardens of, [112]
Epicharis, freedwoman, refuses to betray the Pisonian conspirators, [47]
Epictetus, his ideal of the Cynic philosopher, [359];men the soldiers of God, [393];gospel of renunciation in, [ib. n. 5];on augury and divination, [455];early history of, [503];attitude to belief in immortality, [504];reference to female Platonists, [80];preaching of gratitude and resignation, [393]
his ideal of the Cynic philosopher, [359];
men the soldiers of God, [393];
gospel of renunciation in, [ib. n. 5];
on augury and divination, [455];
early history of, [503];
attitude to belief in immortality, [504];
reference to female Platonists, [80];
preaching of gratitude and resignation, [393]
Epicurus, Seneca quotes, and defends to Lucilius, [306];Aelian anathematises, [456];Epicureans at Abonoteichos oppose Alexander, [476];orders banquets to his shade, [456];influence of, in last age of Republic, [530]
Seneca quotes, and defends to Lucilius, [306];
Aelian anathematises, [456];
Epicureans at Abonoteichos oppose Alexander, [476];
orders banquets to his shade, [456];
influence of, in last age of Republic, [530]
Epidaurus, temple of Asclepius at, [462], [539];social life of the patients, [463]
temple of Asclepius at, [462], [539];
social life of the patients, [463]
Equites, in provincial towns, [215];freedmen raised to the rank of, [113];Juvenal’s [pg 631]contempt for, [70];general low estimate of, [113];displace freedmen as imperial secretaries, [107];employment by Vitellius, Domitian, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius, [ib.]
in provincial towns, [215];
freedmen raised to the rank of, [113];
Juvenal’s [pg 631]contempt for, [70];
general low estimate of, [113];
displace freedmen as imperial secretaries, [107];
employment by Vitellius, Domitian, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius, [ib.]
Espionage, under the Empire, [34];under Domitian, [56]
under the Empire, [34];
under Domitian, [56]
Euboea, D. Chrysostom’s description of rural life in, [375]
Euhemerus, translated by Ennius, [530];Plutarch on, [425]
translated by Ennius, [530];
Plutarch on, [425]
Euphrates, Pliny’s sketch of, [151];suicide of, [356]
Pliny’s sketch of, [151];
suicide of, [356]
Evil, Plutarch’s theory of, [430]
Extravagance, of Nero, [20], [32];of Domitian, [55], [56];of Vitellius, [32];of Caligula, [32];under the Republic, [67]
of Nero, [20], [32];
of Domitian, [55], [56];
of Vitellius, [32];
of Caligula, [32];
under the Republic, [67]
Fannia, widow of Helvidius Priscus, Pliny’s admiration for, [152]
Finance, profusion of Caligula, [32];straits of Domitian, [56];economy of Vespasian, [32], [148];Nero’s waste and plunder, [20] sq.;Nerva’s retrenchment, [32];waste of Vitellius, [32];finance of provincial towns, [220], [248]
profusion of Caligula, [32];
straits of Domitian, [56];
economy of Vespasian, [32], [148];
Nero’s waste and plunder, [20] sq.;
Nerva’s retrenchment, [32];
waste of Vitellius, [32];
finance of provincial towns, [220], [248]
Fortuna Augusti, [618]
Freedmen, the, their rise a great movement, [100];prejudice against, [101] sqq.;why it was natural, [103];contempt of literary men for vulgar wealth, [104];yet the rise of the freedmen a promising movement, [105];rise of, in the imperial household, [106];become great ministers, [107];replaced gradually by Equites, [107];early freedmen ministers worthy of their place, [108];career of Claudius Etruscus and Abascantus, [109] sqq.;of Narcissus and Pallas, [110], [111];how their wealth was gained, [112], [129];their politic splendour, [112];romantic career of a freedman, [113];yet freedmen despised and ostracised, [ib.];sometimes made great marriages, [114];doubtful position of women of this class, [114];yet some had great influence, [115];Panthea, mistress of L. Verus, picture of, by Lucian, [ib.];lower freedmen in the imperial service, [116];transition from slavery to freedom, how freedmen rose, [118]-[120];grossness and ostentation of their wealthy class, [129] sqq.
their rise a great movement, [100];
prejudice against, [101] sqq.;
why it was natural, [103];
contempt of literary men for vulgar wealth, [104];
yet the rise of the freedmen a promising movement, [105];
rise of, in the imperial household, [106];
become great ministers, [107];
replaced gradually by Equites, [107];
early freedmen ministers worthy of their place, [108];
career of Claudius Etruscus and Abascantus, [109] sqq.;
of Narcissus and Pallas, [110], [111];
how their wealth was gained, [112], [129];
their politic splendour, [112];
romantic career of a freedman, [113];
yet freedmen despised and ostracised, [ib.];
sometimes made great marriages, [114];
doubtful position of women of this class, [114];
yet some had great influence, [115];
Panthea, mistress of L. Verus, picture of, by Lucian, [ib.];
lower freedmen in the imperial service, [116];
transition from slavery to freedom, how freedmen rose, [118]-[120];
grossness and ostentation of their wealthy class, [129] sqq.
Freedom and Necessity, Plutarch’s views of, [412];Seneca’s, [311]
Plutarch’s views of, [412];
Seneca’s, [311]
Gaius, on the law of Colleges, [254]
Galen, early history and training of, [505];eclecticism of, [ib.];views of immortality, [ib.];relations with M. Aurelius, [506]
early history and training of, [505];
eclecticism of, [ib.];
views of immortality, [ib.];
relations with M. Aurelius, [506]
Genii, invented for every corporation and scene in Roman life, [386];tales of, in Britain and on the Indian Ocean, [420], [426];wide-spread cult of, [479] sq.
invented for every corporation and scene in Roman life, [386];
tales of, in Britain and on the Indian Ocean, [420], [426];
wide-spread cult of, [479] sq.
Gladiators, municipal shows of, in Petronius, [134];Trajan provides 10,000 on his Dacian triumph, [234];protests against, by Seneca and Demonax, [235];schools of, [236], [241];shows began in Campania, [ib.];school of, at Pompeii, [237];notices in the inscriptions, [238];enthusiasm for, [ib.];shows in remote places, [239];after battle of Bedriacum, [240];less popular in Greece, except at Corinth, [241];various cost of, [241];classes who furnished gladiators, attractions of the profession, [242] sq.;organisation of a school; a college of gladiators, [243]
municipal shows of, in Petronius, [134];
Trajan provides 10,000 on his Dacian triumph, [234];
protests against, by Seneca and Demonax, [235];
schools of, [236], [241];
shows began in Campania, [ib.];
school of, at Pompeii, [237];
notices in the inscriptions, [238];
enthusiasm for, [ib.];
shows in remote places, [239];
after battle of Bedriacum, [240];
less popular in Greece, except at Corinth, [241];
various cost of, [241];
classes who furnished gladiators, attractions of the profession, [242] sq.;
organisation of a school; a college of gladiators, [243]
God, new conceptions of, [5];in Seneca, [305];God of the Stoics, varying conceptions of, [307];demand for a moral God, [389];Stoicism fades into Platonism, [391];the Stoic god has no claim to worship, [ib.];vague higher conceptions of, [396], [603];a transcendent Deity, [397];Plutarch’s highest idea of, [418];man’s relation to, according to Maximus of Tyre, [421];relation of, to daemons, [425] sqq.
new conceptions of, [5];
in Seneca, [305];
God of the Stoics, varying conceptions of, [307];
demand for a moral God, [389];
Stoicism fades into Platonism, [391];
the Stoic god has no claim to worship, [ib.];
vague higher conceptions of, [396], [603];
a transcendent Deity, [397];
Plutarch’s highest idea of, [418];
man’s relation to, according to Maximus of Tyre, [421];
relation of, to daemons, [425] sqq.

Hadrian, letter of, to Servianus, [397];tests the omniscience of Delphi, [435];dabbled in astrology, and other dark arts, [450], [503];his love of travel, [503];his faint belief in immortality, [503];a sceptic, [536];the Canopus of, at his villa at Tibur, [567];conspiracy against, [41];character of, [503]
letter of, to Servianus, [397];
tests the omniscience of Delphi, [435];
dabbled in astrology, and other dark arts, [450], [503];
his love of travel, [503];
his faint belief in immortality, [503];
a sceptic, [536];
the Canopus of, at his villa at Tibur, [567];
conspiracy against, [41];
character of, [503]
Hellenism, various aspects of, reaction against, from the times of the elder Cato, [88];Hellenism of early Emperors, [88], [89];Roman prejudice against Greeks, [90];why Greeks succeeded under the Empire, [91];Greek grammatici, [91];Greeks as doctors, [92];Greek parasites, [93];love of Greek in Pliny’s days, [166] sq.
various aspects of, reaction against, from the times of the elder Cato, [88];
Hellenism of early Emperors, [88], [89];
Roman prejudice against Greeks, [90];
why Greeks succeeded under the Empire, [91];
Greek grammatici, [91];
Greeks as doctors, [92];
Greek parasites, [93];
love of Greek in Pliny’s days, [166] sq.
Helvidius Priscus, violence of, [40];flouts Vespasian, [ib.]
violence of, [40];
flouts Vespasian, [ib.]
Herculaneum, temple of Magna Mater at, [548];frescoes of, illustrating the worship of Isis, [578]
temple of Magna Mater at, [548];
frescoes of, illustrating the worship of Isis, [578]
Herodes Atticus, gifts of, to many communities, [225] sqq.;friend of Demonax and Plutarch, [364], [403];on the uses of wealth, [232];claimed descent from the Aeacidae, [225]
gifts of, to many communities, [225] sqq.;
friend of Demonax and Plutarch, [364], [403];
on the uses of wealth, [232];
claimed descent from the Aeacidae, [225]
Herodotus, identifies Greek and Egyptian deities, [561];on Mithra, [589]
identifies Greek and Egyptian deities, [561];
on Mithra, [589]
Hesiod, on daemons, [427]
Holconii, the, of Pompeii, public honours and benefactions of, [223]
Horace, love of the country, and memories of Mount Vultur in, [196], [198];journey to Brundisium, [206];on beneficence, [190]
love of the country, and memories of Mount Vultur in, [196], [198];
journey to Brundisium, [206];
on beneficence, [190]
Hortensius, Q., luxury of, [71];poverty of his descendants, [ib.]
luxury of, [71];
poverty of his descendants, [ib.]
Icelus, raised to rank by Galba, [107];journey of, to Spain, [206]
raised to rank by Galba, [107];
journey of, to Spain, [206]
Immortality, ideas of, depend on ideas of God, [484];“We know not what we shall be,” [485];faith in the Manes, [486];evidence of epitaphs on, [487] sqq.;Lemures, [488] sq.;the Mundus, [489];mingled elements in Virgil’s Inferno, [491] sqq.;Roman longing for posthumous sympathy, [488];Orphic and Pythagorean influences on Virgil, [494];evidence of inscriptions on belief in, [496] sqq.;Epicurean negation of, [498] sq.;philosophic opinion on, [449] sqq.;Lucretius and Julius Caesar on, [500], [501];attitude of Epictetus, [504];Galen’s ideas of, [505] sq.;M. Aurelius on, [507] sqq.;Seneca on, [514] sq.;Apollonius of Tyana on, [518] sq.;Plutarch on, [521] sqq.;Platonic imagery of the future world, and its influence on Plutarch, [523] sq.;belief in, fostered by Isiac worship, [575], [583];and by Mithraism, [609]
ideas of, depend on ideas of God, [484];
“We know not what we shall be,” [485];
faith in the Manes, [486];
evidence of epitaphs on, [487] sqq.;
Lemures, [488] sq.;
the Mundus, [489];
mingled elements in Virgil’s Inferno, [491] sqq.;
Roman longing for posthumous sympathy, [488];
Orphic and Pythagorean influences on Virgil, [494];
evidence of inscriptions on belief in, [496] sqq.;
Epicurean negation of, [498] sq.;
philosophic opinion on, [449] sqq.;
Lucretius and Julius Caesar on, [500], [501];
attitude of Epictetus, [504];
Galen’s ideas of, [505] sq.;
M. Aurelius on, [507] sqq.;
Seneca on, [514] sq.;
Apollonius of Tyana on, [518] sq.;
Plutarch on, [521] sqq.;
Platonic imagery of the future world, and its influence on Plutarch, [523] sq.;
belief in, fostered by Isiac worship, [575], [583];
and by Mithraism, [609]
Inns, poor and disreputable, [207]
Isis, prescriptions of, in dreams, [461];transformation of her worship by the Ptolemies, [560];at the Peiraeus, [ib.];influence of Greek settlers in Egypt, and of Greek mysticism, [561], [563] sq.;lofty conception of, in Apuleius, [563];date of her introduction in Italy, [ib.];power over women, [565];repeated persecution of her worshippers, first century, B.C., [565];in the reign of Tiberius, [566];favoured by Otho and the Flavians, [567];Domitian builds a temple to, in 92 A.D., classes who propagated the worship of, [567] sq.;spread through all Western Europe, [568] sq.;secret of her fascination, [569];highest conception of, [572];a real spiritual power, [574];gives the hope of immortality, [575];impressive ritual of, [576];daily offices, [577] sq.;her rites in frescoes of Herculaneum, [578];great festivals of, the procession to the shore described, [578] sq.;her priesthood, including women, [580], [582];sacred guilds, Isiaci, Pastophori, etc., [581];syncretism of her worship, [ib.];her priesthood a separate caste, their presbyteries, and ascetic life, [582]
prescriptions of, in dreams, [461];
transformation of her worship by the Ptolemies, [560];
at the Peiraeus, [ib.];
influence of Greek settlers in Egypt, and of Greek mysticism, [561], [563] sq.;
lofty conception of, in Apuleius, [563];
date of her introduction in Italy, [ib.];
power over women, [565];
repeated persecution of her worshippers, first century, B.C., [565];
in the reign of Tiberius, [566];
favoured by Otho and the Flavians, [567];
Domitian builds a temple to, in 92 A.D., classes who propagated the worship of, [567] sq.;
spread through all Western Europe, [568] sq.;
secret of her fascination, [569];
highest conception of, [572];
a real spiritual power, [574];
gives the hope of immortality, [575];
impressive ritual of, [576];
daily offices, [577] sq.;
her rites in frescoes of Herculaneum, [578];
great festivals of, the procession to the shore described, [578] sq.;
her priesthood, including women, [580], [582];
sacred guilds, Isiaci, Pastophori, etc., [581];
syncretism of her worship, [ib.];
her priesthood a separate caste, their presbyteries, and ascetic life, [582]
Jerome, S., account of the grades of initiation in Mithraism by, [611];genealogies in, [70]
account of the grades of initiation in Mithraism by, [611];
genealogies in, [70]
Jews, growing influence of, in the first century A.D.;especially under the Flavian dynasty, [83];spread of Jewish observances, [84];foster superstition, [84]
growing influence of, in the first century A.D.;
especially under the Flavian dynasty, [83];
spread of Jewish observances, [84];
foster superstition, [84]
Julian, his hatred of Oenomaus of Gadara, [364]
Jumentarii, at the gates of towns, [206]
Juvenal, his views of society compared with Tacitus, [58];social rank and early training of, [59];experience as a client, [ib.];bitterness of, [60];dates of his Satires, [60];he and Martial have a common stock of subjects, [60], [61];plebeian pride, and old Roman prejudice, combined with the moral feeling of a later age, [63];attitude to religion, [64];extravagant pessimism, his ideal in the past, [65];great movements of society described by, and sometimes misunderstood, [69];decay of the noble class described by, [69];contempt for new men, [70];signs of aristocratic poverty, [72];his ideal of senatorial dignity, [74];treatment of women in the Sixth Satire, its faults, [76];condemns mere eccentricities and even laudable tastes, [77];distrusts growing culture of women, [79], [80];fighting a lost battle, [81];scorn for women’s devotion to eastern cults, [82];pessimism about women had some justification, [84] sqq.;his judgments must be taken with some reserve, [87];indignation at the invasion of the Greeks, [88];humiliation of the client, [93];general poverty, [95];the cry of the poor, and Roman contempt for industry and trade, [98];Juvenal compared with Pliny, as a painter of society, [141]
his views of society compared with Tacitus, [58];
social rank and early training of, [59];
experience as a client, [ib.];
bitterness of, [60];
dates of his Satires, [60];
he and Martial have a common stock of subjects, [60], [61];
plebeian pride, and old Roman prejudice, combined with the moral feeling of a later age, [63];
attitude to religion, [64];
extravagant pessimism, his ideal in the past, [65];
great movements of society described by, and sometimes misunderstood, [69];
decay of the noble class described by, [69];
contempt for new men, [70];
signs of aristocratic poverty, [72];
his ideal of senatorial dignity, [74];
treatment of women in the Sixth Satire, its faults, [76];
condemns mere eccentricities and even laudable tastes, [77];
distrusts growing culture of women, [79], [80];
fighting a lost battle, [81];
scorn for women’s devotion to eastern cults, [82];
pessimism about women had some justification, [84] sqq.;
his judgments must be taken with some reserve, [87];
indignation at the invasion of the Greeks, [88];
humiliation of the client, [93];
general poverty, [95];
the cry of the poor, and Roman contempt for industry and trade, [98];
Juvenal compared with Pliny, as a painter of society, [141]
Lambaesis, the camp at, how it grew into a municipium, [208];military colleges at, [283];temple of Isis at, [568];worship of Mithra at, [595]
the camp at, how it grew into a municipium, [208];
military colleges at, [283];
temple of Isis at, [568];
worship of Mithra at, [595]
Lanuvium, college at, [260]
Lemuria, the, described, [489]
Libraries, restocked with MSS. by Domitian, [53];Trimalchio’s Greek and Latin libraries, [131];rapid production of books, [156]
restocked with MSS. by Domitian, [53];
Trimalchio’s Greek and Latin libraries, [131];
rapid production of books, [156]
Literature, in the Antonine age, [3];in Pliny’s days, [157];literary amateurs abound, [ib.];Pliny’s poetry, [159];love of Cicero, [158];the plague of readings, [160], [172];decadence of, [163], [173];Silius Italicus, [164] sq.;composition in Greek, [166];Titinius Capito, a historian, [167];devotion to poetry, and its causes, influence of the Augustan tradition, [pg 633][169];fashion of the archaic style, [170];Domitian founds a literary competition, its influence, [171];literary men generally born in provincial places, [196];Demonax rebukes literary archaism, [367]
in the Antonine age, [3];
in Pliny’s days, [157];
literary amateurs abound, [ib.];
Pliny’s poetry, [159];
love of Cicero, [158];
the plague of readings, [160], [172];
decadence of, [163], [173];
Silius Italicus, [164] sq.;
composition in Greek, [166];
Titinius Capito, a historian, [167];
devotion to poetry, and its causes, influence of the Augustan tradition, [pg 633][169];
fashion of the archaic style, [170];
Domitian founds a literary competition, its influence, [171];
literary men generally born in provincial places, [196];
Demonax rebukes literary archaism, [367]
Livy, on decay of augury, [445];on the Bacchanalian scandal, [563];on the apocryphal books of Numa, [564]
on decay of augury, [445];
on the Bacchanalian scandal, [563];
on the apocryphal books of Numa, [564]
Lucan, on the worship of Isis, [568];betrays his mother, his death, [471];style of, referred to in the Satiricon of Petronius, [123]
on the worship of Isis, [568];
betrays his mother, his death, [471];
style of, referred to in the Satiricon of Petronius, [123]
Lucian, his war against the Cynics, [337];yet sometimes approaches their view of life, [337] sq.;the Charon of, [338];the Hermotimus of, witnesses to a moral movement, [341] sqq.;the Cynic in his Banquet, and Fugitives, [350];his treatment of the character of Peregrinus, [354] sqq.;visit to Olympia at the time of the Cynic’s suicide, [355];how he regarded it, and watched the growth of a myth, [357] sq.;description of the new oracle of Abonoteichos, [474] sqq.;ridicule of superstition in the Philopseudes, [490];reference to Mithra, [590]
his war against the Cynics, [337];
yet sometimes approaches their view of life, [337] sq.;
the Charon of, [338];
the Hermotimus of, witnesses to a moral movement, [341] sqq.;
the Cynic in his Banquet, and Fugitives, [350];
his treatment of the character of Peregrinus, [354] sqq.;
visit to Olympia at the time of the Cynic’s suicide, [355];
how he regarded it, and watched the growth of a myth, [357] sq.;
description of the new oracle of Abonoteichos, [474] sqq.;
ridicule of superstition in the Philopseudes, [490];
reference to Mithra, [590]
Lucretius, on immortality, [500], [501];on Magna Mater, [547]
on immortality, [500], [501];
on Magna Mater, [547]
Luxury, Juvenal’s view of, [65];Roman luxury in Republican times, [67];luxury a relative term, [68];luxury of the Roman villa, chiefly in marbles, [177];the luxury of travelling, progresses of Nero, [206]
Juvenal’s view of, [65];
Roman luxury in Republican times, [67];
luxury a relative term, [68];
luxury of the Roman villa, chiefly in marbles, [177];
the luxury of travelling, progresses of Nero, [206]