[11] Rubinow, Economic Condition of the Jews in Russia (Washington, 1907), p. 500.

[12] Cf. [table IA], p. 158.

[13] Cf. [table IB], p. 158.

Rubinow, op. cit., p. 501.

[14] Margolin puts the number at 600,000.

[15] Ruppin, Die Sozialen Verhältnisse der Juden in Russland (Berlin, 1906), p. 59.

[16] Rubinow, op. cit., p. 537.

[17] Rubinow, op. cit., p. 542.

[18] Ibid., p. 553.

[19] Ruppin, op. cit., p. 62.