[5] See V. Nash and H.L. Smith, The Story of the Dockers' Strike, London, 1890.
[6] See Sidney and Beatrice Webb, History of Trades Unionism, London, 1911.
[7] There are about 650,000 members in those unions that pay out-of-work benefits. The following table gives some conception of the magnitude of the out-of-work problem in England. It shows the sums expended by the unions for out-of-work relief:
| Year | Amount | |
| 1898 | £234,000 | |
| 1899 | 185,000 | |
| 1900 | 261,000 | |
| 1901 | 325,000 | |
| 1902 | 429,000 | |
| 1903 | 516,000 | |
| 1904 | 655,000 | |
| 1905 | 523,000 | |
| 1906 | 424,000 | |
| 1907 | 466,000 |
Out of a body of 15,000,000 workmen, Chiozza Money estimates that 500,000 are always out of work. Opus cit., p. 122.
[8] Members of Parliament received no pay until 1911, when the Radical-Liberal government passed a law giving each member a salary of $2,000 a year.
[9] A discussion of this case from the Fabian point of view is found in the Preface to Webb's History of Trades Unionism, edition of 1911. The labor unions and the Labor Party have issued pamphlets on these two decisions. The legal points are fully discussed in the official reports of the cases.
[10] There are 15,000,000 working men and women in Great Britain; 3,000,000 belong to co-operative enterprises, 2,500,000 to trade unions.
[11] See H.M. Hyndman, Autobiography, London, 1911.
[12] Dr. Wescott, Bishop of Durham, was the founder of the Christian Social Union. His pamphlet, Socialism, is a real contribution to the literature on the Church and its relation to labor. The present attitude of the Union may be gleaned from the following quotation taken from the letter written by Dr. Gore, Bishop of Birmingham, to his diocese, on the occasion of his transfer to the bishopric of Oxford. The letter was written during the railway and dockers' strike, in September, 1911: "There is a profound sense of unrest and dissatisfaction among workers recently. I cannot but believe that this profound discontent is justified, though some particular exhibitions of it are not. As Christians we are not justified in tolerating the conditions of life and labor under which the vast mass of our population is living. We have no right to say that these conditions are not remediable. Preventable lack of equipment for life among young, and later the insecurity of employment and inadequacy of remuneration, and consequent destitution and semi-destitution among so many people, ought to inspire in all Christians a determination to reform our industrial system."