A Student's History of England, v. 2: 1509-1689 / From the Earliest Times to the Death of King Edward VII

by Samuel Rawson Gardiner

Eastern Association, the, formation of, [539];
Cromwell's activity in, [540];
Manchester in command of the army of, [542]
Ecclesiastical Commission, the, established by James II., [639];
abolition of, [644]
Ecclesiastical Courts, the, attacks on, [385]
Edgehill, battle of, [537]
Edinburgh, burnt by Hertford, [409];
riot in St. Giles's in, [525];
Montrose executed at, [563];
surrenders to Cromwell, ib.
Edinburgh, treaty of, [433]
Edward VI., birth of, [397];
accession of, [412];
precocity of, [419];
death of, [420]
Ejectors, Commission of, [569]
Eleven Members, the, excluded from the House of Commons, [555]
Eliot, Sir John, attacks Buckingham, [504];
compares Buckingham to Sejanus, [505];
his policy compared with that of Wentworth, [508];
vindicates the privileges of the House, [512];
imprisonment and death of, [514]
Elizabeth, daughter of James I., intention of the Gunpowder plotters to crown, [483];
married to the Elector Palatine, [488]
Elizabeth, Queen, birth of, [392];
her succession acknowledged, [411];
sent to the Tower and afterwards removed to Woodstock and Hatfield, [423];
accession of, [428];
character and policy of, ib.;
modification of the title of, [429];
plays off France and Spain against one another, [431];
hesitates to assist the Scotch Protestants, [432];
assists the Lords of the Congregation, [433];
her ill-treatment of Catherine Grey, [435];
contrasted with Mary, Queen of Scots, ib.;
hopes to recover Calais by assisting the Huguenots, [436];
appoints commissioners to examine the case against Mary, [440];
detains Mary a prisoner, and suppresses a rising in the North, [441];
excommunicated by Pius V., ib.;
negotiates a marriage with the Duke of Anjou, [443];
her attitude towards the Puritans and towards Parliament, [444];
the Ridolfi plot against, [445];
proposes to marry the Duke of Alençon, [446];
intervenes in Scotland on behalf of James VI., [450];
refuses to restore Drake's plunder, [451];
her treatment of Ireland, [452];
kisses the Duke of Alençon, [454];
plot of Allen and Parsons to murder, ib.;
Throgmorton's plot to murder, [456];
Babington's plot to murder, [457];
hesitates to allow the execution of the Queen of Scots, ib.;
dismisses Davison, [458];
her triumph at the defeat of the Armada, [462];
allies herself with Henry IV., [464];
shows favour to Essex, ib.;
erects the Court of High Commission, [470];
sends Essex to Ireland, [475];
turns against Essex, [476];
withdraws monopolies, [478];
nature of the work of, [479];
death of, [480]
Elizabethan architecture, [465]
Empson and Dudley, execution of, [363]
Engagement, the, between Charles I. and the Scottish Commissioners, [556]
England, the Church of, relations of Henry VIII. with, [377];
dealings of Henry VIII. with, [386];
the clergy acknowledge the king supreme head of, [386];
becomes more national, [391];
Parliament acknowledges the king to be supreme head of, [393];
Cranmer's position in, [413];
ecclesiastical changes in, [414];
issue of the first Prayer Book of Edward VI. for, [415];
Zwinglian teaching in, [416];
issue of the second Prayer Book of Edward VI. for, [418];
reconciled to the see of Rome, [424];
Elizabeth's settlement of, [429];
position of, during Parker's archbishopric, [430];
Presbyterian movement in, [446];
Presbyterianism adopted by the Assembly of Divines for, [543];
restoration of episcopacy in, [583];
proposal to establish a modified episcopacy in, ib.;
promise of James II. to protect, [634]
Essex, Arthur Capel, Earl of, suicide of, [625]
Essex, Frances, Countess of, divorce and remarriage of, [486]
Essex, Robert Devereux, second Earl of, joins in the capture of Cadiz, [464];
sent to Ireland, [475];
placed in confinement on his return, [476];
insurrection of, [477];
trial and execution of, [478]
Essex, Robert Devereux, third Earl of, divorce of, [486];
appointed general of the Parliamentary army, [537];
commands at Edgehill, ib.;
takes Reading, [538];
relieves Gloucester and commands at the first battle of Newbury, [539];
escapes from Lostwithiel, [544];
resigns, [545]
Exclusion Bill, the, brought in, [617];
rejected by the House of Lords, [621];
lost by dissolution, ib.
Exeter, besieged by Fairfax, [549]
Exeter, Henry Courtenay, Marquis of, executed, [399]
Expenditure of the Crown, parliamentary inquiry into, [593]

Fairfax, Ferdinando, second Lord, defeated at Adwalton Moor, [538]
Fairfax, Thomas, third Lord Fairfax, as Sir Thomas Fairfax, is defeated at Adwalton Moor, [538];
wins a victory at Nantwich, [542];
appointed General of the New Model army, [545];
relieves Taunton, [547];
commands at Naseby, [548];
follows up his successes, [548], [549];
reduces the king's army in Cornwall, [550];
proposed as commander of the forces retained after the disbandment of the army, [553];
as Lord Fairfax, puts down the rising in Kent and takes Colchester, [557];
absents himself from the High Court of Justice, [559];
refuses to command in the war against Charles II., [563];
joins Monk, [576]
Falkland, Lucius Cary, Viscount, one of the leaders of the anti-Presbyterian party in the Long Parliament, [533];
death of, [539]
Fawkes, Guy, takes part in the Gunpowder Plot, [483]
Felton, John, affixes the Pope's excommunication to the door of the Bishop of London's house, [442]
Felton, John, murders the Duke of Buckingham, [510]
Ferdinand I., Emperor, inherits the German territories of Charles V., [426]
Ferdinand II., Emperor, loses and regains the crown of Bohemia, [490]
Ferdinand V. of Aragon, Italian wars of, [363];
conquers Navarre, [364];
death of, [366]
Feudal dues, bargain offered by James I. for, [484];
abolition of, [582]
Field of the Cloth of Gold, the, [369]
Fifth-Monarchy men, [567];
oppose Cromwell, [569]
Fire of London, the, [592]
Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, opposes the divorce of Henry VIII., [382];
sent to the Tower, [392];
execution of, [394]
Fitzmaurice, Sir James, lands in Ireland, [452]
Five Articles of Perth, the, [525]
Five Knights' case, the, [507]
Five Members, the, [535];
brought back to Westminster, [536]
Five Mile Act, the, [590]
Flamsteed, astronomer, [632]
Fleetwood named General by the army, [575]
Flodden, battle of, [364]
Forest, Friar, burnt, [398]
Forests, the, fines for encroaching on, [523];
the king's claims on, limited, [531]
Fotheringhay, execution of Mary Stuart at, [458]
Fox, Richard, Bishop of Winchester, minister of Henry VII. and Henry VIII., [363]
France, reign of Louis XII. in, [363];
attack of Henry VIII. on, [364];
in alliance with England, [366];
invaded by Henry VIII., [371];
peace with, [374];
Mary at war with, [426];
recovery of Calais by, [427];
civil wars in, [436]- [443];
Philip II. supports the League in, [464];
allied with James I., [501];
Charles I. breaks with, [506];
Charles I. makes peace with, [514];
allied with Cromwell against Spain, [572];
Danby's policy directed against, [610]
Francis I., king of France, his rivalry with Charles V., [366]- [369];
meets Henry VIII. on the Field of the Cloth of Gold, [369];
goes to war with Charles V. about Milan, [371];
captured at Pavia, [372];
liberated, [374]
Francis II., king of France, married as Dauphin to Mary Queen of Scots, [413];
accession and death of, [433]
Frederick V., Elector Palatine, marries Elizabeth, daughter of James I., [488];
elected King of Bohemia, [490];
driven out of Bohemia, ib.;
diplomatic efforts of James I., in favour of, [496];
loses the Palatinate, [497]
Frith burnt, [390]
Frobisher holds a command against the Armada, [460]
Furniture, improvement of, in Elizabethan houses, [465]

Galway, County, Wentworth punishes the jury of, [528]
Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, sent to Rome by Henry VIII., before he is a bishop, [382];
opposes farther innovations, [411];
excluded from the Council, [412];
sent to the Tower, [414];
deprived of his see, [416];
made Lord Chancellor by Mary, [421]
Geneva, establishment of Calvin's system at, [430]
Gentry, the country, [633]
George of Denmark, Prince, deserts James II., [645]
Geraldine rebellion, the, [402]
Gerard murders William of Orange, [456]
Gerard and Vowel's plot, [569]
Ghent, pacification of, [450]
Glamorgan, Edward Herbert, Marquis of, his secret mission to Ireland, [549]
Glasgow, the Assembly of, [526]
Glastonbury, the Abbot of, executed, [400]
Gloucester, raising of the siege of, [539]
Godfrey, Sir Edmund Berry, murder of, [615]
'Godly party,' the, [544]
Gondomar, Count of, negotiates a Spanish alliance with James I., [488], [490]
Goring, George Goring, Lord, defeated at Langport, [548]
Graham of Claverhouse, John, attempts to suppress the Covenanters, [620]
Grammar-schools, foundation of, [419]
Grand Remonstrance, the, [534]
Great Contract, the, [484]
Great Council, the, meets at York, [529]
Greenwood hanged, [472]
Grey, Arthur Lord, slaughters foreign soldiers at Smerwick, [453]
Grey, Lady Catherine, marriage and imprisonment of, [435]
Grey, Lady Jane, is proclaimed Queen, [420];
executed, [423]
Grey, Lord Leonard, becomes Lord Deputy of Ireland, [402];
conquers a great part of Ireland, [404]
Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury, suspension of, [450]
Grocyn encourages the study of Greek at Oxford, [367]
Guiana, Raleigh's voyage to, [489]
Guinegatte, battle of the Spurs at, [364]
Guise, Henry, Duke of, heads the French Catholics, [443];
conspires to murder Elizabeth, [454];
heads the League, [456];
murdered, [464]
Guise, Francis, Duke of, takes Calais, [427];
murder of, [436]
Guisnes, taken by the French, [427]
Gunpowder Plot, the, [483]

Habeas Corpus Act, [617]
Habeas corpus, writ of, dispute whether it ought to show the cause of imprisonment, [507]
Hales, destruction of the phial at, [398]
Hales, Sir Edward, holds an appointment by the dispensing power, [639]
Halifax, George Savile, Earl, afterwards Marquis of, supports the Duke of York's succession, [618];
persuades the House of Lords to reject the Exclusion Bill, [621];
advises Charles II. to summon Parliament, [626];
dismissed by James II., [638]
Halley, astronomer, [632]
Hamilton, James Hamilton, Duke of, as Marquis of Hamilton dissolves the Assembly of Glasgow, [526];
is defeated at Preston, [557]
Hamilton family support Mary, [440]
Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh assassinates the regent Murray, [441]
Hampden resists ship-money, [524];
calms the House of Commons after the passing of the Grand Remonstrance, [534];
one of the five members, [535];
death of, [538]
Hampton Court Conference, the, [482]
Harlech Castle, surrender of, [550]
Havre occupied and abandoned by Elizabeth, [436]
Hazlerigg, Sir Arthur, one of the five members, [535]
Heads of the Proposals, the, [555]
Henrietta Maria, Queen, negotiations for the marriage of, [500];
marries Charles I., [502];
a papal agent at the Court of, [521];
carries abroad the crown jewels, [536];
urges Charles not to abandon the militia, [552]
Henry VIII., character of, [361];
marries Catharine of Aragon, [363];
foreign policy of, ib.;
promotes Wolsey, ib.;
favours More, [368];
meets Francis I. on the Field of the Cloth of Gold, [369];
has Buckingham executed, ib.;
invades, France, [371];
his views on his relations with the Church, [377];
is named Defender of the Faith, [379];
thinks of obtaining a divorce, ib.;
urges Clement VII. to divorce him, [382];
demands a sentence of nullity, [383];
makes a victim of Wolsey, ib.;
gains the support of the House of Commons, [385];
consults the universities, and charges the clergy with being under a præmunire, ib.;
obtains from Convocation the title of Supreme Head, [386];
has no tenderness towards heresy, [383];
obtains the Act of Annates, ib.;
marries Anne Boleyn, and is divorced, [389];
attempts to suppress heresy, and obtains fresh powers from Parliament, [390];
sends More and Fisher to the Tower, [392];
Act of Supremacy in favour of, [393];
dissolves the smaller monasteries, [394];
marries Jane Seymour, [395];
issues the ten articles, and authorises the translation of the Bible, [396];
deals hardly with the Pilgrimage of Grace, [397];
begins the confiscation of the greater monasteries, ib.;
attacks relics and images, [398];
presides at Lambert's trial, [399];
obtains from Parliament the six articles, [399];
marries and divorces Anne of Cleves, [400]- [401];
marries and beheads Catherine Howard, [401];
marries Catherine Parr, ib.;
his government of Ireland, [401]- [404];
takes Boulogne, [405];
makes war with Scotland, [406];
debases the coinage, [409];
death of, [411]
Henry II., king of France, allied with Scotland, [413];
his attitude towards Elizabeth, [432];
death of, [433]
Henry III., King of France, proposes, as Duke of Anjou, to marry Elizabeth, [443];
accession of, [450];
murder of, [464]
Henry IV., King of France, his succession to the French crown disputed, [456];
overpowers the League, [464]
Henry, Prince of Wales, son of James I., intention of the Gunpowder plotters to blow up, [483];
death of, [488]
Hereford, besieged by the Scots, [549]
Heresy held to be punishable by the Common Law, [419]
Hertford, Earl of, see [Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of]
High Commission, the, Court of, erection of, [470];
its activity in the reign of Charles I., [520];
abolition of, [531]
High Court of Justice, the, proposal to constitute rejected by the Lords, [557];
constituted by the Commons, [558]
Highland Host the, [619]
Holland, province of, its influence in the Dutch Republic, [489]
Holmby House, Charles I. at, [553];
Charles I., removed from, [555]
Holmes, Admiral, attacks the Dutch fleet, [605]
Hopton, Sir Ralph, commands the Royalists in Cornwall, [537], [538];
fights on Lansdown, [538];
takes and loses Arundel Castle, [542];
is defeated at Cheriton, ib.
Holles takes part in holding down the Speaker, [514];
one of the five members, [535]
Holy League, the, [363]
Hooker, his Ecclesiastical Polity, [472]
Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, refuses to wear vestments, [417];
receives the bishopric of Worcester, [418];
speaks of his dioceses as the king's, [420];
burnt, [424]
Hotham, Sir John, shuts the gates of Hull against Charles I., [537]
Hough, chosen President of Magdalen College, [641]
Houghton, prior of the Charterhouse, execution of, [394]
Hounslow, James II. reviews regiments at, [643]
Howard of Effingham, Charles Howard, Lord, commands the fleet against the Armada, [460];
takes part in the capture of Cadiz, [464]
Howard of Escrick, Edward Howard, Lord, informs against the Whigs, [625]
Hudibras, [597]
Huguenots, the, supported by Elizabeth, [436];
Buckingham lends ships to fight against, [504]
Hull, its gates shut against Charles I., [537];
besieged by Newcastle, [542]
Huntley, George Gordon, fourth Earl of, overpowered by Mary, [437]
Humble Petition and Advice, the, [573]
Hurst Castle, Charles I. imprisoned in, [557]
Hyde, Anne, marries the Duke of York, [608]

Images, destruction of, [398]
Impeachment of Bacon, [496];
of Buckingham, Montague and Manwaring, [511];
of Strafford, [530];
of twelve bishops, [535];
of the five members, [536];
of Laud, [546];
of Danby, [616];
pardon not to be pleaded in bar of, [617]
Impositions, the New, first levy of, [484];
question of the legality of, [505];
act preventing the king from levying, [531]
Inclosures, More's attack on, [368];
Ket's rebellion directed against, [416];
cessation of complaints against, [464]
Independents, the, originally known as Separatists, [543];
driven from the House, and reinstated by the army, [555];
are unpopular after the Restoration, [584]
Infanta, the, see [Maria, the Infanta]
Instrument of Government, the, [568]
Inverlochy, battle of, [547]
Ipswich, Wolsey's college at, founded, [377];
sold by Henry VIII., [383]
Ireland, under Henry VIII., [401];
legislation of Henry VIII. in, [402];
destruction of relics and images in, ib.;
conquest of a great part of, [404];
Henry VIII. named king of, ib.;
under Edward VI. and Mary, [451];
introduction of English colonists into, [452];
landing of Sir James Fitzmaurice in, ib.;
the slaughter at Smerwick, and the Desmond rising in, [453];
O'Neill's rising in, [475];
Essex's invasion of, ib.;
Mountjoy's conquest of, [478];
plantation of Ulster in, [484];
Wentworth's government of, [527], [528];
army collected by Strafford in, [529];
insurrection in, [533];
massacre in, [534];
the confederate Catholics in, [541];
Glamorgan's mission to, [549];
Rinuccini in, [550];
soldiers asked to volunteer for, [553];
Cromwell in, [562];
Ireton and Ludlow in, [567];
act of settlement in, [595];
James II. supported by the Celtic population of, [640]
Ireton draws up The Heads of the Proposals, [555];
in Ireland, [563]
Italy, the French wars in, [363];
the French driven from, [364]

Jamaica, conquest of, [572]
James I., King of Great Britain (see [James VI.], king of Scotland), becomes king of England, [481];
imprisons Raleigh, ib.;
attacks the Puritans at Hampton Court, [482];
quarrels with his first House of Commons, ib.;
obtains a legal decision in the case of the Post-nati, [483];
his government of Ireland, [484];
his financial difficulties, ib.;
makes Somerset his favourite, [486];
offers to bargain with the Addled Parliament, [487];
negotiates a Spanish marriage for his son, [488];
makes Buckingham a favourite, ib.;
sends Raleigh to execution, [489];
watches the development of the Thirty Years' War, and summons Parliament to vote supplies, [490];
his views on the prerogative, [492];
sells peerages, [494];
improvement of the finances of, ib.;
revokes monopolies, [495];
sends Digby to Germany and dissolves Parliament, [496];
raises a benevolence, [497];
his last Parliament, [500];
seeks to marry his son to a French princess, [501];
death of, ib.
James II., as Duke of York, declares himself a Roman Catholic, [600];
his conversion known, [607];
resigns the Admiralty, ib.;
marriages of, [608];
attempt to exclude from the throne, [617];
his cruelty to the Scottish covenanters, [620];
is present at his brother's death, [627];
accession of, [634];
first acts of the reign of, [635];
marches against Monmouth, [637];
violates the Test Act and prorogues Parliament, [638];
claims the dispensing power and establishes an ecclesiastical commission, [639];
his government of Scotland and Ireland, [640];
issues a declaration of indulgence, ib.;
expels the Fellows of Magdalen and tries to pack a Parliament, [641];
issues a second declaration of indulgence, [642];
hears of the acquittal of the seven Bishops, [643];
birth of a son of, [644];
makes concessions on hearing of William's approach, ib.;
attempts to escape, [645];
embarks for France, [646];
alleged virtual abdication of, ib.
James (the old Pretender), birth of, [644]
James IV., King of Scotland, killed at Flodden, [364]
James V., King of Scotland, policy of, [404];
death of, [405]
James VI., King of Scotland, birth and accession of, [439];
assisted by Elizabeth, [450];
becomes the tool of Lennox, [454];
is captured by Protestant lords, [455];
becomes king of England, [481];
see [James I.], King of Great Britain
Jane Seymour marries Henry VIII., [395];
death of, [397]
Jaureguy tries to murder William of Orange, [454]
Jeffreys enforces the surrender of charters, [625];
sends Baxter to prison, [635];
is made Chief Justice, ib.;
conducts the Bloody Assizes, [637];
becomes Chancellor, [638]
Jesuits, the, origin of, [436];
land in England, [453];
Act of Parliament against, [456]
Jones, Inigo, buildings by, [632]
Jones, Michael, commands in Dublin, [562]
Joyce, Cornet, carries off Charles I. from Holmby, [555]
Julius II., papacy of, [363];
character of, [375]

Kent, rising in, suppressed by Fairfax, [557]
Keroualle, Louise de, see [Portsmouth, Duchess of]
Ket's rebellion, [415]
Kildare, Earl of, imprisonment of, [402]
Kilkenny, meeting of the Confederate Catholics at, [541]
Kilsyth, battle of, [549]
Kimbolton, Lord, see [Manchester, Earl of]
Kinsale, Spanish expedition to, [478]
Knighthood fines, [515];
prohibited, [531]
Knox, John, opinions of, [418];
urges on the Lords of the Congregation, [432];
writes The Monstrous Regimen of Women, ib.;
organises the Presbyterian Church, [434];
his treatment of Mary, [438]

Lambert burnt as a heretic, [399]
Lambert, Major-General, defeats Booth at Winnington Bridge, [575]
Langport, battle of, [548]
Langside, defeat of Mary at, [440]
Lansdown, battle of, [538]
Latimer made Bishop of Worcester, [390];
driven from his see, [400];
sermons preached at Court by, [417];
burnt, [425]
Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, character and opinions of, [516];
becomes Archbishop of Canterbury, and advises the republication of the Declaration of Sports, [517];
wishes that the communion table shall stand at the East end, ib.;
conducts a metropolitical visitation, [520];
unpopularity of, [521];
imprisonment of, [530];
execution of, [546]
Lauderdale, John Maitland, Earl of, strengthens the king's authority in Scotland, [602];
his management of Scotland, [619]
League, the, formed against Henry of Navarre, [456]
Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of, favoured by Elizabeth, [435];
made Earl of Leicester, [438];
commands an army in the Netherlands, [457]
Leighton punished by the Star Chamber, [514]
Leith, surrender of the French garrison of, [433]
Lely, Sir Peter, portraits by, [631]
Lennox, Esmè Stuart, Duke of, favourite of James VI., [455]
Lennox, Matthew Stuart, Earl of, Regent of Scotland, [443]
Lenthall, Speaker of the Long Parliament, [536]
Leo X., Pope, character of, [375]
Leopold I., Emperor, marries the daughter of Philip IV. of Spain, [592]
Leslie, David, overthrows Montrose, [549];
is defeated at Dunbar, [563]
Levellers, the, [561]
Leven, Alexander Leslie, Earl of, as Alexander Leslie, commands the Scots on Dunse Law, [526];
becomes Earl of Leven, and invades England, [542]
Leyden, relief of, [449];
congregation of English Separatists at, [489]
Linacre, promotes the study of Greek at Oxford, [367]
Lincoln, stormed by Manchester, [542]
Lindsey, Robert Bertie, Earl of, fails to relieve Rochelle, [510]
Lisle, Alice, execution of, [637]
Litany, the English, composed by Cranmer, [409]
Loch Leven Castle, Mary imprisoned in, [410]
London, Lady Jane Grey unpopular in, [420];
provides ships instead of money for the ship-money fleet, [523];
welcomes Charles I. on his return from Scotland, [534], [535];
declares against Charles I., [536];
sends out trained bands to Gloucester, [539];
attaches itself to the Presbyterian party, [555];
influences the Whigs in, [622];
Tory elections in, [623];
forfeiture of the charter of, [624];
growth of, [629];
condition of the streets of, [631];
restoration of the charter of, [644]
Lords, House of, results of the disappearance of the abbots from, [400];
a bill thrown out for removing the bishops from, [533];
bishops excluded from, [536];
refuses to join in constituting a High Court of Justice, [557];
dissolution of, [561];
imprisons Shaftesbury, [612];
discusses the abdication of James II., [646]
Lords of the Congregation, rise against Mary of Guise, [432];
are helped by Elizabeth, [433]
Louis XII., King of France, Italian wars of, [363];
marriage and death of, [364]
Louis XIII., King of France, negotiates for his sister's marriage, [501];
resistance of Rochelle to, [504];
besieges Rochelle, [506]
Louis XIV., King of France, buys Dunkirk from Charles II, [587];
gives a slight support to the Dutch against England, [591];
his designs on the Spanish inheritance, [592];
signs the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, [599];
obtains the treaty of Dover from Charles II., [600];
invades the Dutch territory, [605];
pensions Charles II., [611];
is successful in the Netherlands, [613];
sends money to Charles II. to prevent the summoning of a parliament, [627];
offers financial help to James II., [635];
revokes the Edict of Nantes, [638];
offers to send his fleet to help James II., [644]
Lowestoft, battle off, [590]
Loyola, Ignatius, founds the Jesuit Society, [437]
Ludlow, Edmund, in Ireland, [563]
Lunsford, Thomas, Lieutenant of the Tower, [535]
Luther, Martin, opposes the Papacy, [377];
has a controversy with Henry VIII., [379]
Lutheranism, character of, [376], [377];
its influence in England, [396]
Lutter, Christian IV. defeated at, [506]

Madrid, journey of Prince Charles to, [497]
Magdalen College, Oxford, expulsion of the Fellows of, [641];
restoration of the Fellows of, [644]
Maitland of Lethington, William, opposes the Presbyterian clergy, [434]
Major-generals, the, [571]
Manchester, Edward Montague, Earl of, impeached, as Lord Kimbolton, [535];
brought back to Westminster, [536];
becomes Earl of Manchester and is placed in command of the Eastern Association, [542];
attacked by Cromwell, [544];
resigns his command, [545]
Mansfeld, Count, failure of his expedition, [501]
Manwaring, Roger, impeached, [511];
receives a good living from Charles I., [512]
Margaret, daughter of Henry VII., excluded from the succession, [411]
Margaret Theresa, daughter of Philip IV., marries Leopold I., and renounces the Spanish succession, [592]
Maria, the Infanta, proposal to marry her to Prince Charles, [488];
shrinks from marrying a heretic, [497];
is courted by Charles, [498]
Maria Theresa, daughter of Philip IV., marries Louis XIV., and renounces the Spanish succession, [592]
Marignano, battle of, [366]
Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of, as Lord Churchill, deserts James II., [645]
Marprelate Tracts, the, [470]
Marston Moor, battle of, [543]
Mary I., daughter of Henry VIII., as princess, successively engaged to Francis I. and his second son, [374];
her place in the succession acknowledged by statute, [411];
protected by Charles V., [414];
popularity of, [420];
is proclaimed queen, [421];
her feelings and opinions, ib.;
wishes to restore the Church lands, [422];
is married to Philip II., [423];
obtains the reconciliation of England to the Roman see, [424];
supports the persecution of Protestants, ib.;
resolves to put Cranmer to death, [425];
deserted by her husband, [426];
declares war with France, [427];
death of, ib.
Mary II., birth of, [608];
her hand offered to William of Orange, [609];
marriage of, [613];
finds fault with Danby, [646];
the crown offered to, [647]
Mary, daughter of Henry VII., marriages of, [364];
her place in the succession acknowledged in exclusion of her sister Margaret, [411]
Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland, her contests with the Protestants, [432];
death of, [433]
Mary of Modena marries the Duke of York, [608]
Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, birth of, [405];
taken to France and married to the Dauphin, [413];
assumes the style of Queen of England, [433];
returns to Scotland, [434], [435];
character of, [437];
marries Lord Darnley, [438];
being charged with the murder of Darnley, marries Bothwell, [439];
imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle, [440];
escapes to England, ib.;
is retained as a prisoner, [441];
marriage with the Duke of Norfolk, proposed for, ib.;
Ridolfi's plot on behalf of, [445];
trial of, [457];
execution of, [458]
Massey, Roman Catholic Dean of Christchurch, [639]
Matthias, the Emperor, resistance of the Bohemians to, [490]
Maximilian I., Emperor, Italian wars of, [363];
death of, [369]
Mayflower, the, voyage of, [490]
Maynard, Sergeant, his answer to William III., [646]
Mayne, Cuthbert, execution of, [453]
Maynooth taken by Skeffington, [402]
Mazarin, Cardinal, makes an alliance with Cromwell, [572]
Medina Sidonia, Duke of, commands the Spanish Armada, [460];
is received by Philip II. after his defeat, [462]
Medway, the, the Dutch in, [593]
Melville, Andrew, insults James VI., [525]
Mendoza sent out of England by Elizabeth, [456]
Metropolitical Visitation, the, [520]
Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, Earl of, improves the finances of James I., [494];
impeachment of, [500]
Milan, struggle between Charles V. and Francis I. for, [371]
Militia, the, struggle for the command of, [536];
the Scots urge Charles I. to abandon, [552]
Millenary Petition, the, [482]
Milton writes Comus, [519];
writes Areopagitica, [546];
writes a sonnet on the Vaudois, [572];
publishes Paradise Lost, [596]
Mompesson, Sir Giles, flies from the kingdom, [495]
Monasteries, dissolution of the smaller, [394];
surrender of some of the greater, [397];
completion of the suppression of, [400]
Monk, see [Albemarle, Duke of]
Monmouth, Duke of, proposed as heir to the crown, [618];
defeats the Covenanters at Bothwell Bridge, [620];
refuses to take part in acts of violence, [624];
implicated in a Whig plot, [625];
rebellion and execution of, [637]
Monopolies, the, Elizabeth recalls some of, [478];
attacked by Parliament in the reign of James I., [494];
revocation of, [495];
Act of, [500]
Monro, Major-General Robert, holds Carrickfergus, [541]
Montague, Chief Justice, becomes Lord Treasurer, [494]
Montague, Ralph, accuses Danby, [616]
Montague, Richard, impeached, [511];
made a bishop, [512]
Montrose, James Graham, Marquis of, his campaign in the Highlands, [547], [549];
execution of, [563]
More, Sir Thomas, writes Utopia, [367];
in favour with Henry VIII., [368];
is Speaker of the House of Commons, [371];
becomes Chancellor, [387];
his displeasure with the Protestants, [388];
resigns the chancellorship, ib.;
is sent to the Tower, [392];
execution of, [394]
Morley, Bishop, sermons of, [548]
Mountjoy, Charles Blount, Lord, conquers Ireland, [478]
Mountnorris, Francis Annesley, Lord, court martial on, [528]
Munster, attempt to colonise, [475]
Münster, the Bishop of, overruns two Dutch provinces, [591]
Murray, Earl of, is driven into England, [438];
returns to Scotland, [439];
becomes Regent, [440];
produces the Casket letters, ib.;
assassinated, [441]

Nantwich, battle of, [542]
Naseby, battle of, [548]
Navarre conquered by Ferdinand of Aragon, [364]
Navigation Act, the, passing of, [565];
re-enactment of, [589]
Navy, the English, defeats the Spanish Armada, [460]- [464];
equipped by means of ship-money, [523];
desertion of part of, to the Prince of Wales, [557];
Blake in command of, [565];
its contests with the Dutch, [591];
deterioration in the discipline of, [605]
Netherlands, the, inherited by Philip II., [426];
Alva's government of, [443];
beginning of the Dutch Republic in, [449];
division into two parts, [450];
see [Netherlands], the [Spanish], and [Dutch] Republic
Netherlands, the Spanish, Alexander of Parma in, [450]
New Amsterdam captured by the English, [589]
New England, colonisation of, [489]
New Model Army, see [Army, the New Model]
New York, named after the Duke of York, [589];
secured to England, [593]
Newark surrenders to the Scots, [551]
Newburn, rout of, [529]
Newbury, first battle of, [539];
second battle of, [544]
Newcastle, Charles I. at, [551]
Newcastle, William Cavendish, Earl, afterwards Marquis of, commands a Royalist army in Yorkshire, and defeats the Fairfaxes at Adwalton Moor, [538];
is created Marquis, and besieges Hull, [542];
besieged in York, ib.;
defeated at Marston Moor, [543]
Newport, the treaty of, [557]
Newton, Sir Isaac, [632]
No Addresses, vote of, [556]
Non-resistance Bill, the, [611]
Norfolk, resistance to the Amicable Loan in, [372];
Ket's rebellion in, [415]
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, second Duke of, defeats the Scots, as Earl of Surrey, at Flodden, [364]
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, third Duke of, opposes Wolsey, [383];
charges Cromwell with treason, [401];
wastes the Scottish Borders, [405];
condemned to death, [411]
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, fourth Duke of, sent to the Tower, [441];
is liberated and proposes to marry Mary Stuart, [444];
arrested, [445];
executed, [446]
Norris, Sir John, joins Drake in sacking Corunna, [464]
North Foreland, battle off, [591]
Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of, as Earl of Warwick, overpowers Ket's rebellion, [416];
leads the government after Somerset's fall, ib.;
becomes Duke of Northumberland, [418];
supports Lady Jane Grey, [420];
execution of, [421]
Northumberland, Thomas Percy, Earl of, takes part in the rising of the North, [441]
Nottingham, Charles I. sets up his standard at, [537]
Nymwegen, peace of, [615]