In the Chiroptera the pes is pentedactylate, and the digits are terminated by long curved ungual phalanges. In some genera the toes have only two phalanges. The calcaneum is sometimes produced into a long slender process which helps to support the membrane between the leg and the tail.
Among the Primates Man has the simplest form of pes. In Man all five digits are well developed, the hallux being considerably the largest. Sesamoid bones occur only under the metatarso-phalangeal joint of the hallux.
In the other Primates the internal cuneiform has a saddle-shaped articulating surface for the hallux, which is obliquely directed to the side of the foot and opposable to the other digits. Two sesamoid bones are usually developed below each metatarso-phalangeal joint, and one below the cuboid. The second digit in Lemurs, and all except the hallux in Chiromys have pointed ungual phalanges; in all other cases the ungual phalanges are flat. In some of the Lemuroidea, especially Tarsius, the tarsus is curiously modified by the elongation of the calcaneum and navicular.
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