A Manual of Elementary Geology / or, The Ancient Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants as Illustrated by Geological Monuments - Sir Charles Lyell

F.

Faluns of Touraine, [106.] [168.]
Faluns, comparison of, and crag, [170.]
Falconer, Dr., on Sewâlik Hills, [173.]
Falkland Islands, [88.]
Farnham, phosphate of lime near, [219.]
Fault, term explained, [62.]
Faults, origin of, [64.]
Faxoe, chalk of, [210.] and Postscript, [xv.]
Felixstow, remains of cetacea found near, [166.]
Felspar, [369.]
Ferns in coal-measures, [310.]
Fife, altered rock in, [383.]
Fifeshire, trap dike in, [434.]
Megalichthys found in Cannel coal in, [336.]
Fishes, fossil, of Upper Cretaceous, [214.]
of Old Red Sandstone, [343.]
of Wealden, [229.]
fossil, of brown coal, [416.]
Fissures filled with metallic matter, [490.]
See [mineral veins].
Fitton, Dr., on division of lower cretaceous formation, [219.]
cited, [227.] [231.] [233.] [237.] [244.] [247.]
Fleming, Dr., on scales of fish in Old Red, [343.]
on trap-rocks in coal-field of Forth, [432.]
on trap dike in Fifeshire, [434.]
Flora, carboniferous, [310.]
cretaceous, [223.]
Devonian, [349.]
of London Clay, [200.]
permian, [305.] [307.]
Flötz, term explained, [91.]
Flysch, explanation of term, [206.]
Footprints of birds, [297.] and Postscript, [xx.]
of reptilians, [337.]
fossil, [289.] [290.] [291.] [297.]
Foraminifera in chalk, [26.]
Eocene, [194.]
Forbes, Prof. E., on Caradoc sandstone, [359.]
on Cystideæ, [358.]
on shells in crag deposits, [162.]
on cretaceous fossil shells, [224.]
on fossils of the faluns, [169.]
on fossils in drift in South Ireland, [131.]
on deep-sea origin of Silurian strata, [360.]
on echinoderms of coralline crag, [166.]
on fauna of boulder period, [125.]
on migrations of mollusca in glacial period, [166.]
on fossils of Purbeck group, [231.] [233.]
on strata at Atherfield, [219.]
on changes of Wealden testacea, [235.]
on volcanic rocks of Oolite period, [432.]
on depth of animal life in Ægean, [35.] [137.]
cited, [225.]
Forbes, Prof. James, on zones in volcanic rocks, [480.]
on the Alps, [143.]
Forchhammer, on scratched limestone, [122.]
Forest, fossil, in Norfolk, [127.] [130.]
Forfarshire, Old Red Sandstone in, [479.]
Formation, term defined, [3.]
Fossil, term defined, [4.]
Fossils of chalk and greensand, figures of, [212.]
in chalk at Faxoe, [210.]
of coralline crag, [164.]
of Devonian system, [346.] and Postscript, [x.] [xi.]
of Eocene strata in United States, [207.]
in faluns of Touraine, [169.]
freshwater and marine, [27.]
of Isle of Wight, [198.]
of Lias, [274.]
of Ludlow formation, [352.]
of mountain limestone, [340.]
of London Clay, [200.]
of Maestricht beds, [209.]
of Lower Greensand, [220.]
of New Red Sandstone, [287.] and Postscript, [xiii.]
of Oolite, [259.] [266.]
of Red Crag, [164.]
of Silurian rocks, [353.] and Postscript, [vii.]
of Solenhofen, [260.]
of Upper Greensand, [218.]
of Wealden, [236.]
test of the age of formations, [98.]
Fossil fish of Permian limestone, [303.]
of Connecticut beds, [300.]
of Richmond, U. S., strata, [285.]
of Old Red Sandstone, [343.]
scales of Permian, figured, [305.]
footsteps, [289.] [290.] [291.]
ferns in carbonaceous shale, [271.]
forest in Nova Scotia, [321.]
forest near Wolverhampton, [319.]
forest in Isle of Portland, [233.]
plants in Wealden, [230.]
plants of Lias, [282.]
plants of Bunter sandstein, [288.]
trees erect, [317.]
wood, petrifaction of, [39.]
wood perforated by Teredina, [24.]
remains in caves, [154.]
shells from Etna, [401.]
shells near Grignon, [193.]
shells of Mayence strata, [178.]
shells in Virginia, [172.]
Fossiliferous strata, tabular view of, [361.]
Fournet, M., on mineral veins of Auvergne, [493.]
on disintegration of rocks, [476.]
on quartz, [439.]
Fox, Mr. R. W., [472.]
on Cornish lodes, [497.]
Fox, Rev. Mr., on extinct quadrupeds of Isle of Wight, [198.]
Freshwater beds of Isle of Wight, [197.]
deposits in valley of Thames, [146.]
land shells numerous in, [27.]
Freshwater formations of Auvergne, [186.]
Freshwater formation, how distinguished from marine, [27.] [28.] [30.]
remains of fish in, [32.]
associated with Norfolk drift, [127.]
Chara in, [31.]
Cypris in, [31.]
Freshwater shells in brown coal near Bonn, [417.]
Fucus giganteus, [217.]
vesiculosus, growth of, in Jutland, [217.]
vesiculosus in Lym-Fiord, [33.]
Fundy, Bay of, impressions in red mud of, [297.]

G.

Gaillonella fossil in Tripoli, [25.]
ferruginea in bog-iron ore, [26.]
Galapagos Islands, animals of, [279.]
Garnets in altered rock, [382.]
Gases, subterranean rocks altered by, [476.]
Gault, [218.]
Gavarnie, flexures of strata, [59.]
Geology defined, [1.]
Gergovia, hill of, [430.]
Giant's Causeway, columns at, [384.]
Gibbes, R. W., cited, [207.]
Glacial phenomena, northern, origin of, [132.]
Glaciers, Alpine, [140.]
Glaciers on Caernarvonshire mountains, [130.]
Glasgow, marine strata near, [148.]
Glen Roy, parallel roads of, [86.]
Glen Tilt, granite of, [442.]
Gneiss, altered by granite, [445.]
in Bernese Alps, [484.]
at Cape Wrath, [444.]
near Christiania, [446.]
described, [464.]
Gold, age of, in Ireland, [498.]
age of, in Ural Mountains, [499.]
Goldfuss, Prof., on reptiles in coal-field, [336.]
Göppert, Prof., on beds of coal, [316.]
on petrifaction, [40.]
Graham's Island, [389.] [407.]
Grampians, old red conglomerates in, [47.]
Granite described, [7.] [436.] [438.] [444.]
passage of into trap, [441.]
porphyritic, [439.]
and limestone, junction of in Glen Tilt, [442.]
syenitic, [440.]
talcose, [440.]
schorly, [440.]
of Cornwall and Dartmoor, [474.]
of Swiss Alps, [484.]
rocks in connection with mineral veins, [500.]
of Saxony, [459.]
Granites, oldest, [458.]
varieties of, [444.]
veins in Cornwall, [445.]
veins in Cape Wrath, [444.]
veins in Table Mountain, [443.]
vein in White Mountains, [450.]
of Arran, age of, [459.]
near Christiania, [457.]
dikes in Mount Battock, [443.]
Graphite, powder of, consolidated by pressure, [38.]
Graptolites, [357.]
Grateloup, M., on fossils in chalk, [223.]
Grauwacke, term explained, [350.]
Greenland, sinking of coast, [46.]
Greensand, upper, [218.]
fossils of, [212.]
Greensburg, Pennsylvania, footprints of reptile in coal strata at, [337.]
Greenstone or Dolerite, [372.]
dike of, in Arran, [379.]
Grès de Beauchamp, Paris Basin, [193.]
Grignon, fossil shells near, [193.]
Grit defined, [11.]
Guadaloupe, human skeleton of, [115.]
Guidoni on Carrara marble, [482.]
Gutbier, Col. von, on Permian flora, [305.] [307.]
Gryphæa, fossil figure of, [22.]
Gypseous marls, [186.]
series, [191.]
Gypsum defined, [13.]

H.

Hall, Sir Jas., experiments on fused minerals, [406.]
on curved strata, [48.]
Capt. B., cited, [378.] [401.] [443.]
Hamilton, Sir W., on eruption of Vesuvius, [405.]
Harris, Major, on salt lake in Ethiopia, [296.]
Hartz, Bunter sandstein of, [288.]
Hastings, Lady, fossils collected by, [198.]
Hastings sand, [229.]
bed, shells of, [229.]
Hautes Alpes, rocks of, [455.]
Haüy cited, [369.]
Hawkshaw, Mr., on fossil trees in coal, [317.]
Hayes, T. L., on icebergs, [123.]
Hébert, M., cited on Upper Eocene beds, [176.]
Hebrides, dikes of trap in, [379.]
Heidelberg, varieties of granite near, [444.]
Henfrey, Mr. A., on food of Mastodon, [138.]
Henslow, Prof., on fossil cetacea in Suffolk, [166.]
on fossil forests, [233.]
on dike and altered rock near Plas Newydd, [381.]
Henry, Mr., cited, [476.]
Herschel, Sir J., on slaty cleavage, [472.]
Hertfordshire pudding-stone, [35.]
Hibbert, Dr., on volcanic rocks, [428.]
on coal field at Burdiehouse, [325.]
cited, [419.]
High Teesdale, garnets in altered rock at, [382.]
Hildburghausen, footprints of reptile at, [289.] [290.]
Hippurite limestone, [221.]
Hitchcock, Prof., on footprints, [297.]
Hoffmann, Mr., on Lipari Islands, cited, [476.]
on cave near Palermo, [74.]
on Carrara marble, [482.]
Hooghly river, analysis of water, [41.]
Hopkins, Mr., on fractures in Weald, [251.]
Horizontality of strata, [15.]
of roads of Lochaber, [88.]
Hornblende, [369.]
schist, [464.] [478.]
Horner, Mr., on geology of Eifel, [415.]
on Megalichthys, [336.]
Hubbard, Prof., on granite vein in White Mountains, [450.]
Hugi, M., on Swiss Alps, [484.]
Humboldt, cited, [314.]
on uniform character of rocks, [486.]
Hungary, trachyte of, [442.]
volcanic rocks of, [421.]
Hunt, Mr., experiments on clay-ironstone, [326.]
Hutton, opinions of, [60.]
Huttonian theory, [92.]
Hypogene, term defined, [9.]
rocks, mineral character of, [485.]
or metamorphic limestone, [465.]

I.

Ibbetson, Capt., on chalk Isle of Wight, [215.]
Ice, rocks drifted by, [122.]
Icebergs, stranding of, [129.] [137.]
Iceland, icebergs drifted to, [137.]
Ichthyolites of Old Red Sandstone, [349.]
Ichthyosaurus communis, figure of, [277.]
Igneous rocks, [6.]
of Siebengebirge and Westerwald, [417.]
rocks of Val di Noto, [389.]
Iguanodon Mantelli, [227.] [229.]
India, cretaceous system in, [225.]
freshwater deposits of, [173.]
oolitic formation in, [285.]
Indusial limestone, Auvergne, [184.]
Infusoria in tripoli, [24.]
Inland sea-cliffs in South of England, [71.]
Insects in Lias, [281.]
Ireland, drift in, [131.]
Ischia, volcanic cones in, [403.]
Post-Pliocene strata of, [113.]
Isle of Wight, freshwater beds of, [197.]
Isomorphism, theory of, [370.]

J.

Jackson, Dr. C. T., analysis of fossil bones, [138.]
James, Capt., on fossils in drift South Ireland, [131.]
Java, stream of sulphureous water, [191.]
Jobert, M., on hill of Gergovia, [430.]
Joints, [469.]
Jorullo, lava stream of, [450.]
Jura, alpine blocks on, [142.]
limestone, [261.]
structure of, [55.]