(FIGURE 54. UPPER SURFACE OF BRAIN OF CHIMPANZEE, DISTORTED (FROM
SCHROEDER VAN DER KOLK AND VROLIK.)
Scale half the diameter of the natural size.
A. Left cerebral hemisphere.
B. Right cerebral hemisphere.
C. Cerebellum displaced.)
(FIGURE 55. SIDE VIEW OF BRAIN OF CHIMPANZEE, DISTORTED (FROM
SCHROEDER VAN DER KOLK AND VROLIK.)
Scale half the diameter of the natural size.
e. The extension of the displaced cerebellum beyond the
cerebrum at d.)
(FIGURE 56. CORRECT SIDE VIEW OF CHIMPANZEE'S BRAIN (FROM
GRATIOLET).
Scale half the diameter of the natural size.
d. Backward extension of the cerebrum, beyond the cerebellum at e.
f. Fissure of Sylvius.)
(FIGURE 57. CORRECT VIEW OF UPPER SURFACE OF CHIMPANZEE'S BRAIN
(FROM GRATIOLET),
in which the cerebrum covers and conceals the cerebellum.
Scale half the diameter of the natural size.)
(FIGURE 58. SIDE VIEW OF HUMAN BRAIN (FROM GRATIOLET), NAMELY,
THAT OF THE BUSHWOMAN CALLED THE HOTTENTOT VENUS.
Scale half the diameter of the natural size.
A. Left cerebral hemisphere.
C. Cerebellum.
ff. Fissure of Sylvius.)
To illustrate the difference between the human and Simian brain, Professor Owen gave figures of the negro's brain as represented by Tiedemann, an original one of a South American monkey, Midas rufimanus, and one of the chimpanzee (Figure 54), from a memoir published in 1849 by MM. Schroeder van der Kolk and M. Vrolik.*
(* "Comptes rendus de l'Academie Royale des Sciences"
Amsterdam volume 13.)
The selection of Figure 54 was most unfortunate, for three years before, M. Gratiolet, the highest authority in cerebral anatomy of our age, had, in his splendid work on "The Convolutions of the Brain in Man and the Primates" (Paris, 1854), pointed out that, though this engraving faithfully expressed the cerebral foldings as seen on the surface, it gave a very false idea of the relative position of the several parts of the brain, which, as very commonly happens in such preparations, had shrunk and greatly sunk down by their own weight.*
(* Gratiolet's words are: "Les plis cerebraux du chimpanze y
sont fort bien etudies, malheureusement le cerveau qui leur
a servi de modele etait profondement affaisse, aussi la
forme generale du cerveau est-elle rendue, dans leurs
planches, d'une maniere tout-a-fait fausse." Ibid. page 18.)