[12] Proc. Royal Soc., 1868, p. 294.
INDEX.
——::——
The Fossils, the names of which appear in Italics, are figured in the Text.
ABBEVILLE, flint tools of, [152]
Aberdeenshire, granite of, [558]
Abich, M., on trachytic rocks, [504]
Acer trilobatum, Miocene, [220], [221]
Acrodus nobilis, Lias, [359]
Acrogens, term explained, [303]
Acrolepis Sedgwickii, Permian, [390]
Actæon acutus, Great Oolite, [345]
Actinocyclas, in Atlantic mud, [288]
Actinolite, [499], [502]
—— schist, [578]
Æchmodus Leachii, Lias, [358]
Adiantites Hibernica, Old Red, [441]
Agassiz on fish of Sheppey, [267]
—— on fish of the Brown-Coal, [540]
—— on fish of Monte Bolca, [544]
—— on Old Red fossil fish, [443], [447]
—— on Silurian fish, [460]
Age of metamorphic rocks, [597]
—— of Plutonic rocks, [564]
—— of strata, tests of, [123]
—— of volcanic rocks, [520]
Agglomerate described, [509]
Agnostus integer. A. Rex, [488]
Air-breathers of the Coal, [413]
Aix-la-Chapelle, Cretaceous flora of, [302]
Alabaster defined, [39]
Alberti on Keuper, [376]
Albite, [499], [500]
Aldeby and Chillesford beds, [192]
Alkali, present in the Palæozoic strata, [587]
Alpine blocks on the Jura, [169]
Alps, age of metamorphic rocks in, [599]
——, nummulitic limestone and flysch of, [77]
Alum schists of Norway and Sweden, [489]
Alluvial deposits, Recent and Post-pliocene, [151]
Alluvium, term explained, [99]
—— in Auvergne, [100]
Alternations of marine and fresh-water strata, [72]
Alum Bay beds, plants of the, [262]
Amblyrhynchus cristatus, a living marine saurian, [362]
America. See United States, Canada, Nova Scotia.
——, North, Glacial formations of, [182]
——, South, gradual rise of land in, [72]
——, Silurian strata of, [478]
American character of Lower Miocene flora, [238]
—— forms in Swiss Miocene flora, [223]
Amiens, flint tools of, [152]
Ammonites bifrons, Lias, [356]
—— Braikenridgii, Oolite, [351]
—— Bucklandi, Lias, [356]
—— Deshayesii, Neocomian, [311]
—— Humphresianus, Inferior Oolite, [351]
—— Jason, Oxford Clay, [340]
—— Noricus, Speeton, [312]
—— macrocephalus, Oolite, [352]
—— margaritatus, Lias, [357]
—— planorbis, Lias, [356]
—— rhotomagensis, Chalk marl, [298]
Amphibole group of minerals, [499], [502]
Amphistegina Hauerina, Vienna basin, [225]
Amphitherium Broderipii, in Stonesfield, [348]
—— Prevostii, Stonesfield slate, [347]
Ampullaria glauca, [56]
Amygdaloid, [507]
Analcime, [500]
Anamesite, a variety of basalt, [504]
Ananchytes ovatus, White chalk, [293]
——, with crania attached, [49]
Ancillaria subulata, Eocene, [57]
Ancyloceras gigas, [309]
—— spinigerum, Gault, [301]
—— Duvallei, Neocomian, [312]
Ancylus velletia (A. elegans), [55]
Andalusite, [500]
Andes, Plutonic rocks of the, [569]
Andreasburg, metalliferous vein of, [611]
Angelin, on Cambrian of Sweden, [489]
Angiosperms, [303]
—— of the Coal, [429]
Anglesea, dike cutting through shale in, [514]
Anodonta Cordierii, [54]
—— Jukesii, Upper Old Red, [441]
—— latimarginata, [54]
Anoplotherium commune, Binstead, [254]
—— gracile, Paris basin, [271]
Anorthite, [499], [501]
Annularia sphenophylloides, Coal, [425]
Antholithes, coal-measures, [429]
Anthracite, conversion of coal into, [408]
Anticlinal and synclinal curves, [74], [85]
Antrim, Chalk altered by a dike in, [516]
——, Lower Miocene, volcanic rocks of, [539]
Antwerp Crag, [204]
Apateon pedestris, a carboniferous reptile, [406]
Apatite, [500]
Apennines, Northern, metamorphic rocks of, [599]
Apes, fossil of the Upper Miocene, [215]
Apiocrinites rotundus, Bradford, [343]
Appalachians, long lines of flexures in, [92], [93]
——, vast thickness of successive strata in, [110]
Aptychus, part of ammonite, [336]
Aqueous rocks defined, [27], [35]
Araucaria sphærocarpa, Inferior Oolite, [348]
Arbroath, section of Old Red at, [74]
Archæopteryx macrura, Solenhofen, [338]
Archegosaurus minor and A. medius, coal measures, [406], [407]
Archiac, M. de, on nummulites, [277]
——, on chalk of France, [306]
Arctic Miocene Flora, [239]
Area of the Wealden, [319]
Areas, permanence of continental, [117]
Arenaceous rocks described, [35]
Arenicolites linearis, Arenig beds, [475]
Arenig or Stiper-Stones group, [474]
——, volcanic formations of, [549]
Argile plastique, [276]
Argillaceous rocks described, [36]
Argillite, Argillaceous schist, [579]
Argyll, Duke of, on Isle of Mull leaf-beds, [247]
Armagh, bone-beds in Mountain Limestone at, [437]
Arran, amygdaloid filled with spar near, [518]
——, erect trees in volcanic ash of, [546]
——, Greenstone dike in, [514]
Arthur’s seat, trap rocks of, [545]
Arvicola, tooth of, [165]
Asaphus caudatus, Silurian, [467]
—— tyrannus, A. Buchii, [474]
Ascension, lamination of volcanic rocks in, [595]
Ash, Mr., on fossils of Tremadoc beds, [483]
Ashby-de-la-Zouch, fault in coal field of, [91]
Aspidura loricata, Muschelkalk, [379]
Astarte borealis (=A. arctica=A. compressa), [176]
—— Omalii, Crag, [199]
Asterophyllites foliosus, Coal, [425]
Astrangia lineata (Anthophyllum lineatum), [229]
Astræa basaltiforme, Carboniferous, [432]
Astropecten crispatus, London clay, [266]
Atherfield clay, [309]
Atlantic mud, composition of, [287]
Atrypa reticularis, Aymestry, [462]
Aturia ziczac (Nautilus ziczac), [266]
Augite, [499], [502]
Auricula, recent, [55]
Austen, Mr. Godwin, on marine deposit of Selsea Bill, [182]
——, on boulders in chalk, [292]
Australian cave breccias, [158]
Australia, auriferous gravel of, [617]
Auvergne, alluvium in, [100]
——, chain of extinct volcanoes in, [495]
——, granite veins in, [610]
——, Lower Miocene of, [233]
——, Miocene volcanic rocks of, [540]
——, Post-pliocene volcanic eruptions in, [527]
——, springs from spent volcanoes in, [604]
Aveline Mr., on Tarannon shales, [468]
Avicula contorta, Rhætic beds, [366]
—— cygnipes, Lias, [355]
—— inæquivalvis, Lias, [355]
—— socialis, Muschelkalk, [379]
Aviculopecten papyraceus, coal measures, [405]
—— sublobatus, mountain limestone, [434]
Aymestry Limestone, [461]
Azoic period, supposed, [603]
Azores, Miocene lavas with shells, [539]
BACILLARIA paradoxa, [51]
Baculites anceps, Lower Chalk, [298]
—— Fauiasii, chalk, [286]
Baffin’s Bay, formation of drift in, [171], [173]
Bagshot sands, [258], [259], [262]
Baiæ, Bay of, subterranean igneous action in, [569]
Bakewell, Mr., on cleavage in Swiss Alps, [590]
Bala and Caradoc beds, [470]
Balistidæ, defensive spine of, [261]
Bangor, or Longmynd group, [485]
Banksia, seed and fruit of, Lower Miocene, [238]
Barmouth sandstones, [486]
Barnes, Mr. J., on insects in American coal, [416]
Barnstaple, Upper Devonian of, [450]
Barrande, M. Joachim, his “Primordial Zone,” [471], [482], [487]
——, on metamorphosis of trilobites, [471]
Barrett, Mr., on bird in Blackdown beds, [299]
Barton series sands and clays, [258]
—— shells, percentage of, common to London clay, [258]
Basalt, columnar, [511]
——, composition of, [504]
Basaltic rocks, poor in silica, [504]
——, specific gravity of minerals in, [504]
Basilosaurus, Eocene, United States, [280]
Basset, term explained, [83]
Basterot, M. de, on Bordeaux tertiary strata, [141]
Bath Oolite, [342]
Batrachian reptiles in coal, [406]
Bay of Fundy, denudation in coalfield in, [418]
Bean, Mr., on Yorkshire Oolite, [350]
Bear Island carboniferous flora, [441]
Beaumont, M. E. de, on island in Cretaceous sea, [305]
——, on mineral veins, [613]
——, on Jurassic plutonic rocks, [571]
——, on formation of granite, [553]
Beckles, Mr. S. H., on footprints in Hastings sands, [315], [330]
—— on Mammalia of Purbeck, [326]
Belemnitella mucronata, Chalk, [283]
Belemnites hastatus, Oxford clay, [340]
—— Puzosianus, Oxford clay, [341]
Belgium, Lower Miocene of, [241]
Bellerophon costatus, Mountain Limestone, [436]
Belosepia sepioidea, Sheppey, [266]
Belt, Mr., on subdivision of Lingula Flags, [484]
Bembridge beds, Yarmouth, [252]
Berger, Dr., on rocks altered by dikes, [515]
Berlin, Miocene strata near, [242]
Bernese Alps, gneiss in the, [599]
Berthier on isomorphism, [502]
Bertrich-Baden, columnar basalt of, [512]
Beyrich on term Oligocene for Lower Miocene, [244]
Billings, Mr., on trilobites, [471]
Binney, Mr., on Sigillariæ in volcanic ash, [546]
——, on Stigmaria, the root of Sigillaria, [426]
Biotite, [499], [501]
Bird in argile plastique, [276]
Bischoff, Professor, on Nile and Rhine mud, [154]
——, on conversion of coal into anthracite, [403]
——, on hydrothermal action, [586]
Blackdown beds, [301]
Blacklead of Borrowdale, [65]
Bog-iron-ore, [52]
Bohemia, Cambrian rocks of, [487]
——, silver veins in, [616]
Bolderberg, in Belgium, Upper Miocene of, [224]
Bone-bed of fish remains, Armagh, [437]
—— of Upper Ludlow, [450]
—— of the Trias, [367]
Boom, Lower Miocene of, [241]
Bordeaux, Upper Miocene of, [214]
Borrowdale, blacklead of, [65]
Bosquet, M. on chalk fossils, [283]
——, on Maestricht beds, [283]
Botanical nomenclature, [303]
Boucher de Perthes on Abbeville alluvium, [152]
Boulder-clay, whether formed by icebergs or land-ice, [166-73], [178]
Boulder-clay of Canada, [182]
—— fauna of, [176], [189]
Boulders and pebbles in chalk, [292]
Bournemouth beds (Lower Bagshot), [262]
Bovey Tracey, lignites and clays of, [246]
Bowerbank, Mr., on fossil fruits of London Clay, [265]
——, on fossil fruits of Sheppey, [265]
Bowman, Mr., on uniting of distinct coal-seams, [401]
Brachiopoda, preponderance of, in older rocks, [470]
——, mode of recognising shells of, [471]
Bracklesham beds and Bagshot Sands, [259]
Bradford encrinites, [342]
Breccias of Lower Permian, [391]
Brick-earth or fluviatile loam, [153]
Bridlington drift, [189]
Bristol, dolomitic conglomerate of, [373]
Bristow, Mr., on volcanic minerals, [500]
Brixham cave near Torquay, [158]
Brocchi on Italian tertiary strata, [141]
—— on subapennine strata, [208]
Brockenhurst, corals and shells of, [257]
Brodie, Rev. P. B., on Lias insects, [363]
Brodie, Mr. W. R., on Purbeck mammalia, [326]
Brongniart, M. Adolphe, on botanical nomenclature, [303]
——, on Lias plants, [364]
——, on flora of the Bunter, [380]
——, on flora of the coal, [420]
——, on fruit of Lepidodendron, [424]
——, M. Alex., on Tertiary series, [141]
Bronteus flabellifer, Devonian, [453]
Brora, oolitic coal formation of, [350]
Brown, Mr. Richard, on Stigmaria, [426]
——, on carboniferous rain-prints, [416]
Brown, Robert, on Eocene protaceous fruit, [264]
Brown, Reverend T., on marine shells in Scotch drift, [177]
Brown-coal of Germany, [540]
Bryce, Mr., on Scotch till, [176]
Bryozoa of Mountain Limestone, [433]
—— and polyzoa, terms explained, [197]
Buch, von. See Von Buch.
Buckland, Dr., on Kirkdale cave, [158]
——, on violent death of saurians, [362]
——, on spines of fish, [359]
——, on Eocene oysters, [268]
——, on pot-stones in chalk, [291]
Buddle, Mr., on creeps in coal-mines, [78]
Bulimus ellipticus, Bembridge, [253]
—— lubricus, Loess, [56]
Bullock, Capt., R.N., on Atlantic mud, [287]
Bunbury, Sir C., on leaf-bed of Madeira, [532]
——, on ferns of the Maryland coal, [421]
Bunter of Germany, [380]
—— or Lower Trias of England, [372]
Buprestis? Elytron of, Stonesfield, [346]
Burmeister on trilobites, [471]
CAINOZOIC, term defined, [123]
Caithness, fish beds of, [443]
Calamite, root of, [425]
Calamites Sucowii, coal, and restored stem, [424]
Calamophyllia radiata, Bath Oolite, [342]
Calcaire de la Beauce, age of the, [230]
—— grossier, fossils of the, [274]
—— siliceux of France, [273]
Calcareous matter poured out by springs, [604]
—— rocks described, [36]
—— nodules in Lias, [63]
Calcarina rarispina, Eocene, [275]
Calceola sandalina, Devonian, [453]
——, schiefer of Germany, [453]
California, aurifrous gravel of, [617]
——, gold in petrified wood of age of alluvium, [601]
Calymene Blumenbachii, Silurian, [466]
Cambrian Group, classification of the, [481]
Cambrian, Upper, [482]
——, Lower, [484]
——, of Sweden and Norway, [489]
——, strata of Bohemia, [487]
——, of North America, [489]
——, volcanic rocks, [549]
Campophyllum flexuosum, [431]
Canada, Cambrian of, [489]
——, Devonian of, [455]
——, trap-rocks of, [549]
Canadian drift, [182]
Canary, Grand, shelly tuffs of, [538]
Cantal, Lower Miocene of the, [231]
Cape Breton, rain-prints in coal-measures of, [416]
Cape Wrath, granite veins in gneiss at, [560]
Caradoc and Bala beds, [470]
Carbonate of lime in rocks, how tested, [37]
Carboniferous Group, subdivisions of the, [394]
—— flora, [420-30]
—— limestone, thickness of, [396]
——, marine fauna of the, [432]
—— Period, trap-rocks of, [545]
—— plutonic rocks, [572]
—— reptiles, [406]
—— insects, [405]
Carcharodon angustidens, Bracklesham, [262]
Cardiganshire, section of slaty cleavage in, [589]
Cardiocarpon Ottonis, Permian, [393]
Cardita (Venericardia) planicosta, [260]
—— sulcata, Barton, [259]
Cardium dissimile, Portland Stone, [336]
—— rhæticum, Rhætic Beds, [366]
—— striatulum, Kimmeridge clay, [336]
Carne, Mr. N., on Cornish lodes, [607]
Carpenter, Dr., on Atlantic mud, [288]
——, on Eozoon Canadense, [491]
Carrara, marble of, [599]
Carruthers, Mr., on Eocene proteaceous fruit, [265]
——, on cycads of the Purbeck, [332]
——, on leaves of calamite, [425]
——, on spores of carboniferous Lycopodiaceæ, [422]
——, on structure of sigillaria, [426]
——, on trees in volcanic ash, [547]
Cashmere, recent formations in, [146]
Cassian, St., Triassic strata of, [376]
Castrogiovanni, curved strata near, [86]
Catania, laterite formed in, [510]
——, Tertiary beds in, [206]
Catillus Lamarckii, White Chalk, [295]
Caucasus, absence of lakes in the, [187]
Caulopteris primæva, Coal, [421]
Cave-breccias of Australia, [158]
Cavern deposits with human and animal remains, [156]
Caves of Kirkdale and Brixham, [157]
Celts described, [152]
Cementing of strata, [61]
Cephalaspis Lyelli, Old Red, [446]
Ceratites nodosus, Muschelkalk, [379]
Cerithium concavum, Headon, [256]
—— elegans, Hempstead beds, [245]
—— (Terebra) Portlandicum, [335]
—— plicatum, Hempstead beds, [245]
—— melanoides, [268]
Cervus alces, tooth of, [164]
Cestracion Phillippi, Recent, [297]
Chabasite, [500]
Chalk, composition, extent, and origin of, [286]
—— of Faxoe, [286]
—— flints, origin of, [290]
—— fossils of the White, [293-6]
——, iceborne boulders in the, [292]
—— of North and South Europe, [305]
——, Lower White, without flints, [298]
—— marl, fossils of the, [298]
—— Period, popular error concerning, [288]
Chalk-pit with pot-stones, view of, [291]
Chama squamosa, Barton, [258]
Champoleon, junction of granite with Jurassic strata near, [571]
Chara elastica, C. medicaginula, [58]
—— tuberculata, Bembridge, [253]
Charpentier, M., on Alpine glaciers, [170]
——, on depression of Alps in Glacial Period, [185]
Chatham coal-field, [383]
Cheirotherium, footprints of, [372]
Chemical deposits in veins, [612]
—— and mechanical deposits, [60]
Chiapa, fall of volcanic dust at, [523]
Chichester, erratics near, [181]
Chili, copper pyrites with gold in, [616]
——, walls cracked by earthquake in, [87]
Chillesford and Aldeby beds, [192]
Chimæra monstrosa, Lias, [359]
Chlorite-schist, [579]
Chloritic series, or Upper Greensand, [298]
Christiania, Euritic porphyry at, [562]
——, granite veins in Silurian strata of, [572]
——, quartz vein in gneiss at, [561]
Chronological groups of formations, [129]
Chronology, test of, in rocks, [121]
Cinder-bed of the Purbeck, [325]
Cinnamomum polymorphum, Miocene, [219]
—— Rossmässleri, Miocene, [239]
Claiborne beds, Eocene fossils of, [279]
Clarke County, United States, Zeuglodon of, [279]
Classification of Tertiary formations, [137], [143]
——, value of shells in, [142]
Clausilia bidens, Loess, [56]
Clay defined, [36]
—— iron-stone defined, [404]
——, plastic, [267]
—— slate, [579]
——, Weald, [313]
Cleavage explained, [502]
——, crystalline theory of, [591]
——, mechanical theory of, [592]
—— of metamorphic rocks, [588]
Cleidotheca operculata, [483]
Clermont, metalliferous gneiss near, [586]
Climate of the Crags, [200]
—— of the Coal, [430]
—— of the Miocene in the Arctic regions, [240]
—— of the Post-pliocene period, [161]
Clinkstone, [506]
Clinton group, fossils of the, [479]
Clyde, buried canoes in estuary of, [146]
——, arctic marine shells in drifts of, [176]
Clymenia linearis, Devonian, [451]
Clymenien-Kalk of Germany, [450]
Coal, conversion into anthracite of, [403]
—— a land and swamp formation, [397]
——, cause of the purity of, [402]
——, conversion of lignite into, [403]
——, erect trees in, [411]
——, structure of the, [412]
——, vegetation of the, [420]
——, air-breathers in the, [405], [413]
Coal Period, climate of the, [430]
—— field of Virginia, [382]
—— measures of Nova Scotia, [408]
—— measures, thickness of, in Wales, [397]
—— pipes, danger of, [390]
——, rainprints in, [416]
—— seams, uniting of, [400]
Coalbrook-Dale, faults in, [88]
Cochliodus contortus, [437]
Cockfield Fell rocks, altered by dikes, [516]
Coelacanthus granulatus, Permian, [390]
Coleoptera of Œningen beds, [223]
Collyrites ringens, Inferior Oolite, [351]
Columnar structure of volcanic rocks, [510]
—— basalt in the Vicentin, [511]
Compact feldspar, [501]
Concretionary structure, [63]
Cone of Tartaret, [527], [542]
—— of Côme, [28]
Cones and craters described, [495]
——, absence of, in England, [30]
Conformable stratification, [39]
Conglomerate or pudding-stone, [36]
——, Dolomitic, of Bristol, [373]
Coniferæ of the coal-measures, [427]
Connecticut Valley, New Red Sandstone of, [381]
Conocephalus striatus, [488]
Conocoryphe striata, [488]
Conrad, Mr., on age of American cretaceous rocks, [307]
Consolidation of strata, [61]
Continents and oceans, permanence of, [117]
Contorted strata, in drift, [178]
Conularia ornata, Devonian, [453]
Conulus priscus, Coal, [415]
Conus deperditus, Bracklesham, [262]
Conybeare and Phillips on ninety-fathom dike, [90]
Conybeare, Mr., on reptiles of the Lias, [360]
Copper lode near Redruth, [607]
Coprolite bed of Chloritic Series, [299]
—— beds of Red and Coralline crags, [197], [198]
Coprolites of fish from the chalk, [298]
Coral Rag, fossils of the, [339]
Coralline of White Crag, [197]
Corals of the Devonian, [451]
—— of the Mountain Limestone, [433]
——, Neozoic type of, [431]
——, Palæozoic type of, [431]
Corbicella (Cyrena) fluminalis, [54]
Corbula pisum, Hempstead beds, [245]
Corinth, corrosion of rocks by gases near, [586]
Cornbrash or Forest Marble, [341]
Cornwall, granite veins in, [561], [582]
——, lodes in, [615]
——, mass of granite in, [552]
——, vertical sections of veins in mine, [607]
Cosequina volcano, burying of organic remains by, [523]
Crag, term defined, [192]
—— of Antwerp, [204]
——, fauna of, its relation to that of present seas, [201]
——, Norwich, [193]
——, Coralline or White, [197]
——, Red, [194]
——, tables of marine testacea in, [202]
—— deposits, climate of, [200]
Crania attached to a sea-urchin, [49]
—— Parisiensis, White Chalk, [294]
Crassatella sulcata, Barton, [259]
Craters and cones described, [495]
——, Theory of Elevation, [496]
Craven fault, [90]
Creeps in coal-mines, [78]
Cretaceous rocks of United States, [307]
—— Period, error as to continuity of, [288]
——, flora of the Upper, [302]
—— volcanic rocks, [544]
—— plutonic rocks, [570]
—— Period, distinct mineral character of rocks in, [292]
—— rocks, classification of, [282]
—— strata, connection between Upper and Lower, [301]
Crinoidea of Mountain Limestone, [433]
Croatia, Lower Miocene beds of, [242]
Croll, Mr., on amount of subaërial denudation, [114]
Cromer forest-bed, [191]
Crop out, term explained, [83]
Crossopterygidæ, or fringe-finned fish, [443]
Crowfoot, Mr., on shells of Aldeby beds, [192]
Crust of the earth defined, [26]
Crustaceans of Old Red Sandstone, [446]
Cryptodon angulatum, London Clay, [266]
Crystalline Limestone, [579]
—— rocks defined, [32]
—— schists, much alkali in the, [587]
—— theory of cleavage, [591]
Cup and Star corals, [431]
Curved strata, [73-76]
Cutch, salt-layers in the Runn of, [375]
Cuvier, M., on fauna of the Paris basin, [271]
——, on Mammalia of Paris gypsum, [231]
——, on Tertiary series, [141]
Cyathocrinus caryocrinoides, [433]
—— planus, [433]
Cyathophyllum cæspitosum, [451]
Cyclopean isles, beds of tuff and clay in, [529]
——, contorted strata in, [530]
Cyclopteris Hibernica, Old Red, [441]
Cyclostigma (Lepidodendron), Old Red, [441]
Cyclostoma elegans, Loess, [56]
Cylindrites acutus, Great Oolite, [345]
Cypress swamps of the Mississippi, [402]
Cyprides in the Weald Clay, [315]
Cypridina serrato-striata, [451]
Cypris in fresh-water deposits, [57]
—— gibbosa, C. tuberculata, C. leguminella, [324]
—— striato-punctata, C. fasciculata, C. granulata, [325]
—— Purbeckensis, Cypris punctata, [331]
—— spinigera, Weald Clay, [315]
Cyrena (Corbicella) fluminalis, [54]
—— cuneiformis, Woolwich Clays, [268]
—— obovata, [54]
—— semistriata, Hempstead beds, [245]
Cystideæ of Silurian rocks, [466]
Cythere inflata, coal-measures, [405]
DADOXYLON, fragment of coniferous wood, [428]
Dana, on volcanic minerals, [500]
Danish kitchen-middens, [146]
Dapedius monilifer, Lias, [358]
Darbishire on shells of Moel Tryfaen, [180]
Dartmoor, post-carboniferous granite of, [572]
—— intrusive granite at, [572]
Darwin, Mr., on foliation and lamination, [595]
——, on mammalia of South America, [160]
——, on marine saurian, [362]
——, on rise of part of South America, [72]
——, on sinking of coral reefs, [72]
——, on plutonic rocks of the Andes, [569]
——, on relationship of extinct to living types, [160]
Dates of discovery of fossil vertebrata, [464]
Daubeny, Dr., on decomposition of trachytic rocks, [586]
Daubrée, on formation of zeolites, [521]
——, on alkaline waters of Plombières, [584]
Davidson, Mr., on Spiriferina, [355]
Davis, Mr. E., on fossils of Lingula Flags, [484]
Dawkins, Mr. Boyd, on Hyæna spelæa, [158]
——, on mammalia of Cromer Forest-bed, [191]
——, on Triassic mammifer, [369]
Dawson, Dr., on Devonian flora and insects, [456], [457]
——, on Eozoon Canadense, [491]
——, on Nova Scotia coal-measures, [409]
——, on Nova Scotia coal-plants, [410], [412]
——, on Pupa vetusta, [415]
——, on reptiles and shells in Nova Scotia coal, [413]
——, on structure of calamite, [425]
——, on structure of sigillaria, [426]
Deane, Dr., on footprints in Trias, [382]
Debey, Dr., on flora and fauna of Aix, [302-04]
Dechen, M. von, on organic remains of the brown coal, [540]
——, on Cornish granite veins, [560]
De la Beche, Sir H., on granite of Dartmoor, [582]
——, on Carrara marble, [599]
——, on mineral veins, [616]
——, on Redruth copper-mine, [610]
——, on saurians of the Lias, [362]
——, on trap-rocks of New Red, [545]
——, on Welsh coal-measures, [397]
Delesse, on action of water in metamorphism, [585]
Deltas, strata accumulated in, [28]
Dendrerpeton in Coal, [413]
Denudation defined, [96]
——, subaërial, [97]
——, littoral, [102]
——, submarine, [105]
——, average annual amount of subaërial, [113]
—— of carboniferous strata, [396]
—— counteracting upheaval, [106-15], [108-15]
—— a means of exposing crystalline rocks, [563]
——, trap-dikes cut off by, [518]
—— and volcanic force antagonistic powers, [115]
Deposition, rate of, shown by fossils, [47]
Derbyshire, veins in Mountain Limestone, [608]
Derivative shells of the Red Crag, [195-203]
Desnoyers, M., on age of Faluns, [142]
——, on Eocene fossil footprints, [272]
Desor, M., on Celtic coins in lake-dwellings, [149]
Devonian Period, Upper, [450]
Middle, [450]
Lower, [453]
—— fossils of the Eifel, [534]
—— of Russia, [454]
—— of United States and Canada, [455]
—— insects of Canada, [457]
—— strata, classification of, [439-50]
Devonshire, cleavage of slate rocks in, [593]
Diabase, [505]
Diagonal, or cross-stratification, [42]
Diagram of fossiliferous rocks, [137]
—— of plutonic and sedimentary formations, [567]
Diallage, [500], [502]
Diastopora diluviana, Bath Oolite, [343]
Diatomaceæ forming tripoli, [51]
Diceras Lonsdalii, Neocomian, [310]
Didelphys Azaræ, Recent, [347]
Didymograpsus geminus, [476]
—— Murchisonii, [473]
Dike cutting through shale, Anglesea, [515]
—— cutting through chalk, Antrim, [515], [516]
Dikelocephalus Minnesotensis, [490]
Dikes defined, [30]
—— of Monte Somma, [526]
—— in Palagonia, ground-plan of, [532]
——, volcanic or trap, [513-7]
Diluvium, origin of term, [167]
Dinornis Palapteryx, of New Zealand, [160]
Dinotherium giganteum, [212]
Diorite, [505]
Dip and strike, terms explained, [80]
Diplograpsus folium, Llandeilo Flags, [474]
—— pristis, Llandeilo beds, [473]
Dirt-bed of the Purbeck, [331]
Dogger-bank described, [105]
Dolerite, a variety of basalt, [504]
Dolomite defined, [38]
Dolomitic conglomerate of Bristol, [373]
Downs, escarpments of North and South, [104]
Downton Sandstone, [459]
Dowson, Mr., on shells of Aldeby beds, [192]
Drew, Mr., on Hastings Sands, [316]
Drift of Ireland, [190]
—— of Norfolk cliffs, [190]
—— of Scandinavia, [174]
—— of Bridlington, [189]
—— carried by icebergs, [172]
—— shells in Canada, [183]
——, contorted strata in, [178]
——, marine shells in Scotch, [175]
Dudley Limestone, [465]
Dufrenoy, M., on granite of Pyrenees, [582]
Dumont, Professor, on Belgian Lower Eocene, [282]
Duncan, Dr., on Neozoic corals passing down to Devonian, [432]
Dundry Hill, near Bristol, section of, [130]
Dunker, Dr., on wealden of Germany, [319]
Dura Den, yellow sandstone of, [440]
EARTH’S crust defined, [26]
Echinoderms of Suffolk Crag, [200]
Echinosphæronites balticus, [472]
Egerton, Sir P., on fish of Headon series, [256]
——, on fish of the Permian, [389]
——, on fish of Penarth beds, [366]
Ehrenberg, Professor, on term Bryozoum, [197]
——, on Silurian foraminifera, [478]
——, on infusoria, [51]
Eifel Limestone, [453]
——, Lake-craters of, [534]
—— Miocene, volcanic rocks of, [539]
—— Pliocene, volcanoes of the, [534]
——, trass of the, [535]
Elephas antiquus, molar of, [163]
—— meridionalis, molar of, [163]
—— primigenius, molar of, [162]
Elevation craters, theory of, [496]
Elvans, term explained, [572]
—— of Ireland and Cornwall, [615]
Elytron of Buprestis? Stonesfield, [346]
Emmons, Professor, on jaws of Triassic quadruped, [383]
——, on Dromatherium, [383]
Encrinites of Bradford, [342]
Encrinus liliiformis, Muschelkalk, [379]
Endogens, term explained, [303]
Engihoul cave, human and animal remains in, [157]
England and Wales, glaciation of, [180]
Enstatite, [501]
Eocene areas of Europe, map of, [250]
—— foraminifera, [274]
—— formations of France, [270-6]
—— of England, [252]
—— period, volcanic rocks of, [543]
——, plutonic rocks of the, [568]
——, metamorphic rocks of the, [598]
—— of France, footprints in, [272]
—— and Miocene, line between the, [230], [250]
——, term defined, [143]
—— of the United States, [278]
Eozoon Canadense, oldest known fossil, [492]
Epidote, [500]
Eppelsheim, Dinotherium of, [225]
Equisetaceæ of the Coal, [424]
Equisetites columnaris, Keuper, [376]
Equus caballus, tooth of, [164]
Erratic blocks, nature of, [167]
—— of Greenland, [171]
—— near Chichester, [181]
—— in the Red Crag, [201]
Erratics, Alpine, [169]
Escarpments explained, [104]
Eschara disticha, White Chalk, [296]
Escharina oceani, White Chalk, [296]
Estheria minuta, Trias, [370]
—— ovata, Richmond, Virginia, [383]
Ethridge, Mr., on Atlantic mud, [288]
——, on Devonian series, in Devon, [450]
——, on Devonian fauna, [451], [454]
——, on mollusca of Bracklesham, [260]
——, on St. Cassian fossils, [377]
Etna, built up since Newer Pliocene, [204]
——, Pliocene lavas of, [529]
Ettingshausen on Sheppey Eocene fruit, [265]
Eunomia radiata, Bath Oolite, [342]
Eunotia bidens, Atlantic mud, [288]
Euomphalus pentangulatus, [435]
Eurite, [557], [578]
Euritic porphyry of Norway, [562]
Evans, Mr., on Archæopteryx, [337]
Exogens, [297]
Exogyra virgula, Kimmeridge Clay, [336]
Extracrinus (Pentacrinus) Briareus, Lias, [357]
FALCONER, Dr., on Miocene fauna of Siwalik Hills, [226]
——, on Brixham Cave flint knives, [157]
——, on Purbeck mammalia, [326]
Faluns of Loire, recent shells in, [214]
—— of Touraine, [211]
Farnham, phosphate of lime near, [299]
Fascicularia aurantium, Coralline crag, [199]
Faults in coal-measures of Coalbrook Dale, [88]
—— described, [87-92]
—— often the result of repeated movements, [90]
Fauna of the crag, its relation to that of our present seas, [201]
—— of the Mountain Limestone, [430]
—— of the Paris basin, [271]
Favosites cervicornis, Devonian, [451]
—— Gothlandica, Silurian, [465]
Favre, M. E., on glaciers and moraines of the Caucasus, [187]
Faxoe, chalk of, [285]
Feldspar-porphyry, [557]
Feldspar, varieties of, [499], [500]
Feldstone, [557]
Felis tigris, tooth of, [166]
Fenestella retiformis, Magnesian Limestone, [388]
Ferns of the coal, [421]
Fife, trap-dike in, [543]
Fish, fossil of the Carboniferous, [436]
——, Eocene of Monte Bolca, [544]
——, oldest known fossil, [463]
——, number of living, [445]
——, fresh-water and marine, [58]
—— of the Upper Ludlow, [459]
—— of the Old Red Sandstone, [443-5]
—— of the Permian marl slate, [389]
—— of the brown coal, [540]
—— of the Lias, [358]
Fisherton, Greenland lemming in drift of, [161]
Fissures, filled with metallic matter, [606]
Fitton, Dr., on the Neocomian strata, [314]
Fleming, Dr., on Parka decipiens, [448]
——, on trap-dike in Fife, [546]
Flints in the Chalk, [290]
Flisk dike of Fife, [546]
Flora of the Carboniferous, [420]
——, Devonian, compared to Carboniferous, [457]
—— of the Subapennines, [208]
——, Lower Miocene of Switzerland, [235]
——, Miocene of the Arctic Regions, [239]
——, Older Pliocene of Italy, [208]
—— of the Permian, [392]
—— of the Upper Cretaceous, [302]
——, Upper Miocene of Switzerland, [215-22]
—— of the Wealden, [320]
Fluvio-marine or Norwich Crag, [193]
Flysch of the Alps, [278]
——, plutonic rocks invading, [568]
Folding and denudation of Nova Scotia Carboniferous rocks, [417]
Folds of parallel strata, arrangement and direction of, [93]
Foliation of crystalline rocks, [595]
——, irregularities in, [596]
Folkestone and Hythe beds, [308]
Fontainebleau, Gres de, [230]
Footprints in Potsdam sandstone, [490]
—— of reptiles in Coal-measures, [408]
——, fossil in New red, [381]
—— in Paris gypsum, [272]
Foraminifera, Eocene, [275]
—— of Mountain Limestone, [437]
—— of the Chalk, [287]
Forbes, Mr. David, on glass cavities in quartz, [555]
——, on planes of foliation, [595]
——, on specific gravity of quartz, [500]
——, on volcanic minerals, [498]
Forbes, Professor E., on fossils of Bembridge beds, [252]
——, on Hempstead beds, [244]
——, on shells of the crag, [200]
——, on sphæronites, [472]
——, on subdivisions of the Purbeck, [333]
——, on testacea of the Faluns, [212]
——, on thickness of Upper Neocomian, [309]
Forest-bed at Cromer, [191]
—— marble or cornbrash, [341]
——, submerged, [103], [104]
——, fossil in Coal, [400]
——, fossil of Isle of Portland, [332]
Forfarshire, Cephalaspis beds of, [446]
——, contorted strata in, [178]
Formation, term defined, [27]
Fossil, term defined, [29]
—— trees erect in coal, [410]
—— Fish of Old Red Sandstone, [442]
Fossiliferous groups, table of succession of, [131]
Fossils, arrangement of, in strata, [47]
——, destruction of, in older formations, [139]
——, fresh-water and marine, [52]
—— obliterated by metamorphic action, [603]
——, recent, and Post-pliocene, [154-65]
—— of the drift, [176], [180], [192]
—— of the Crags, [193-203]
——, Upper Miocene, [214-29]
——, Lower Miocene of Switzerland, [236]
—— of the Hempstead Beds, [244]
——, Eocene, [253]
—— of the Barton Clay, [259]
—— of the White Chalk, [293]
—— of the Neocomian, [309]
—— of the Oolite, [324]
—— of the Stonesfield Slate, [347]
—— of the Lias, [354]
—— of the Trias, [370]
—— of the Magnesian Limestone, [387]
—— of the Coal, [405]
—— plants of the Coal, [421]
—— of the Mountain Limestone, [430]
——, Devonian, [449]
——, Silurian, [460]
——, Cambrian, [484]
—— Laurentian, [492]
Fournet, M. on metalliferous gneiss, [586]
——, on veins in granite, [610]
Fox, Rev. D., on Isle of Wight Eocene fossils, [254]
Fox, Mr. R., on lodes in Cornwall, [614]
Fractures of strata, and faults, [87]
Fragments, included, a test of age of plutonic rocks, [565]
——, included, a test of age of strata, [129]
—— a test of age in volcanic rocks, [524]
France, Eocene formations of, [270-6]
——, Lower Miocene of, [231]
——, Upper Miocene of, [211]
Freshfield, Mr., on absence of lakes in the Caucasus, [187]
Fresh-water strata, how distinguished from marine, [53-9]
—— formation of Auvergne, [233]
Fucoid sandstones of Sweden, [489]
Fulgur canaliculatus, Maryland, [228]
Fuller’s earth, fossils of the, [348]
Fundy, Bay of, fossil trees exposed in cliffs at, [412]
Fusilina cylindrica, [438]
Fusion of quartz, [500]
Fusus contrarius (Trophon antiquum), [196]
—— quadricostatus, Maryland, [228]
GABBRO, [505]
Gaillonella ferruginea, and G. distans, [52]
Galapagos Islands, living marine saurian in, [362]
Galeocerdo latidens, Bracklesham, [262]
Galerites albogalerus, White Chalk, [294]
Galestes in Middle Purbeck, [328]
Ganoids, the type of Old Red Sandstone fish, [443]
—— of the Wealden, [316]
—— of the Trias, [383]
Gaps in the sequence of fossil remains, [138]
Garnet, [500]
Gases, corrosion of rocks by, [586]
Gaudin on Lower Miocene of Switzerland, [236]
—— on Pliocene flora of Italy, [209]
—— on Proteaceæ in Bournemouth Eocene, [263]
Gault, thickness and fossils of, [300]
Geikie, Mr. A., on Ayrshire Permian trap-rocks, [545]
——, on subaërial denudation, [115]
——, on ice erosion of lake-basins, [187]
——, on Isle of Mull volcanic rocks, [539]
——, on Pentland Old Red volcanic rocks, [548]
——, on Silurian metamorphic rocks, [602]
——, on syenite of Skye, [568]
Geinitz, M., on Permian flora, [393]
Gemunder Maar, volcanic rocks of, [534]
Geneva, Lower Miocene of, [236]
Geology defined, [25]
Gergovia, tuffs and associated lacustrine strata of, [542]
Germany, Lower Miocene of, [242]
——, Triassic fauna of, [375]
Gers, Upper Miocene of, [215]
Gervillia anceps, Neocomian, [310]
—— socialis, Muschelkalk, [379]
Giant’s Causeway basalt, age of, [248]
——, laterite of the, [509]
——, columnar basalt of, [510]
Girgenti, Newer Pliocene of, [207]
Glacial drift, distribution and nature of, [166]
—— epoch in the Post-pliocene, [166]
—— formations of Pliocene age, [189-92]
Glaciation of Russia and Scandinavia, [174]
—— of Scotland, [175]
—— of Wales and England, [180]
—— of North America, [182]
Glaciers, transporting and abrading power of, [168]
Glasgow, marine strata near, [146]
Glauconie grossiere, [275]
Glen Tilt, junction of granite and schist at, [559]
Globiform pitchstone, [512]
Globigerina bulloides, [288]
Globular structure of volcanic rocks, [510]
Glyptostrobus, Europæus, Œningen, [223]
Gneiss, granite veins traversing, [560]
—— defined and figured, [577]
——, fundamental, of Scotland, [493]
Gold mines of Australia and Chili, [616]
—— veins of Russia, [616]
—— of California, of age of alluvium, [617]
Goldenberg, Professor, on Saarbrück coal insects, [406]
Goldfuss, Professor, on reptiles in coal, [406]
Goniatites crenistria, [436]
—— Listeri, coal-measures, [405]
Göppert, on American forms in Swiss Miocene flora, [223]
—— on petrification, [68]
—— on plants of coal-measures, [398]
Gorgonia infundibuliformis, Permian, [388]
Graham’s Island, forming ashy conglomerate, [549]
Grampians, Old Red conglomerates of, [73]
——, trap-rocks of the, [547]
——, former glaciers in the, [175]
Grand Canary, Upper Miocene, shelly tuffs of, [558]
Granite, composition of, [552]
——, graphic and columnar, [553], [554]
——, how far connected with trap-rocks, [558]
——, hydrothermal action in formation of, [555]
—— metamorphosing fossiliferous strata, [581]
——, porphyritic, [556]
——, oldest, [574]
——, protrusion of solid, [574]
——, passage of, into trap, [558]
——, schorly, [557]
—— veins, [559]
—— veins in talcose gneiss, [560]
Granton, angiosperm found in coal at, [429]
Graptolites of Llandeilo flags, [474]
Graptolites Murchisonii. Llandeilo flags, [473]
Graptolithus priodon, Silurian, [467]
Gray’s, Essex, pachyderms found at, [161]
Great (or Bath) Oolite, [342]
Greece, Upper Miocene formations of, [226]
Greenland, continental ice of, [170]
——, gradual sinking of, [72]
Greenstone, [505]
Gres de Beauchamp, Paris basin, [273]
Gres de Fontainebleau, age of the, [230]
Griffiths, Sir R., on yellow sandstone of Ireland, [441]
Grit defined, [36]
Groups, older, rise highest above the sea, [139]
—— why the newest to be studied first, [140]
Gryllacris lithanthraca, coal, [405]
Gryphæa coated with serpulæ, [48]
—— columba, Chloritic Sand, [300]
—— convexa, Chalk, [295]
—— incurva (G. arcuata), [54], [354]
—— virgula, Kimmeridge clay, [336]
Gryphite Limestone, [354]
Guadaloupe, glass cavities in quartz of, [555]
Gulf-Stream, probable abrading power of, [105]
Gümbel, M., on Rhætic beds, [366]
Gunn, Mrs., on pot-stones in the chalk, [291]
Gutbier, Colonel, on Permian flora, [393]
Gymnogens, term explained, [303]
Gypseous marls of Auvergne, [233]
Gypsum and gypseous marl defined, [38], [39]
Gyrolepis tenuistriatus, Rhætic beds, [367]