[114] Dr. Junghuhn has published two very interesting reports on the cultivation of the chinchona-plants in Java, in the Bonplandia, a German botanical journal: the first in Nos. 4 and 5 of 1858, and the second in the numbers for July and August, 1860. I have caused these reports to be translated and circulated for the information of those who are intrusted with, or interested in, the chinchona cultivation in India or Ceylon.
[115] Mr. Spruce's remark on the eventual necessity of cultivating the chinchona tree is important. He says, "I have seen enough of collecting the products of the forests to convince me that whatever vegetable substance is needful to man, he must ultimately cultivate the plant producing it."—Report, p. 83.
[116] It appears, by a government return, that 2051 lbs. of quinine were sent to India in 1856, and 1180 lbs. in 1857.
The Friend of India of December 10th, 1860, however, quoting from the Lancet, states that the consumption of quinine and bark in the government hospitals in India in 1857-8 was 6815 lbs., and that in 1858-9 it amounted to 5087 lbs. The writer of the article adds that the government druggists in India sell quinine at 1l. an ounce; but, taking the cost of an ounce of quinine at 10s., the expenditure on this medicine, according to the above figures, would amount to 54,520l. in 1857-8, and to 40,696l. in 1858-9!
[117] Nevertheless we now have plants of C. lancifolia, the species which should have been procured from New Granada, thriving in India. They have been received from Java, in exchange for other species, and were originally raised from seeds sent by Dr. Karsten.
[118] When it was founded by General La Fuente, then Prefect of Arequipa.—Castelnau, iii. p. 443.
[119] There is anchorage for 20 or 25 vessels in 10 or 12 fathoms; but there is always a rather heavy swell, so that a hawser is necessary to keep a vessels bow to it, even in fine weather.
[120] In the following proportions:—
| To England | Alpaca wool | 22,500 | cwts | worth | £192,729 |
| " | Sheep's wool | 18,669 | " | " | 67,306 |
| " | Vicuña wool | 72 | " | " | 1,537 |
| " | Copper | " | 333 | ||
| " | Bark | 1,365 | " | " | 12,383 |
| " | Specie | 34,706 | |||
| To France | Wool | 877 | " | " | 1,886 |
| " | Bark | 95 | " | " | 1,077 |
| To the United States | Wool | 8,054 | " | " | 24,884 |
| £336,842 |
[121] The analysis of this soil, by Dr. Forbes Watson, gave the following result:—