| Water, and a little organic matter | 7.100 |
| Silica, as silicate and as silex | 59.800 |
| Peroxide of iron | 12.100 |
| Alumina | 12.300 |
| Lime | 4.100 |
| Magnesia | 2.100 |
| Soda | 0.724 |
| Chloride of sodium | 0.408 |
| Phosphoric acid | 0.117 |
| Carbonic acid | |
| Sulphuric acid | 0.082 |
| 99.681 | |
| Loss | .319 |
| 100.000 |
[122] "Tambo" is a Spanish corruption of the Quichua word Tampu, an inn or post-house.
[123] Almost all the woollen clothing of the Peruvian Indians is now imported from Yorkshire, and their shirtings from Lowell. Formerly it was all of home manufacture.
[124] Probably from the Quichua word Chiri—cold.
[125] El Peru en 1860, por Alfredo Leubel.
[126] The republic of Peru has had 37 years and 7 months of existence, of which 28 years and 8 months have been passed in peace, 2 years in foreign war, and 6 years and 11 months in civil dissensions.
| 1824 to 1828 inclusive | At peace. |
| Jan. to July, 1829 | At war with Colombia. |
| July, 1829, to the end of 1833 | At peace, under President Gamarra. |
| Jan. 1834, to Feb. 1836 | In civil dissensions. |
| Feb. 1836, to Aug. 1838 | At peace, under General Santa Cruz. |
| Aug. 1838, to Jan. 1839 | At war with Chile. |
| Jan. 1839, to Jan. 1841 | At peace, under President Gamarra. |
| Jan. 1841, to July, 1841 | In civil dissensions. |
| July, 1841, to June, 1842 | At war with Bolivia. |
| Aug. 1842, to July, 1844 | In civil dissensions. |
| July, 1844, to June, 1854 | At peace under Presidents Castilla and Echenique. |
| June, 1854, to Jan. 1855 | In civil war. |
| Jan. 1855, to Oct. 1856 | At peace, under President Castilla. |
| Oct. 1856, to March, 1858 | An insurrection at Arequipa. |
| March, 1858, to March, 1862 | At peace, under President Castilla. |
These are the plain facts of the case, which are preferable to vague and ignorant statements that Peru has been in a constant state of civil war ever since the War of Independence.
[127] The elevations were taken with one of Negretti and Zambra's boiling-point thermometers.
[128] So called from being covered with small round pebbles, like comfits.