As these pages are going to press, I am able to add that I have seen in Paris a very interesting and striking restoration of the appearance in the flesh or during life of the head of the man of the Chapelle-aux-Saints, carefully modelled in Professor Boule’s laboratory by a young sculptor, by applying his clay to a cast of the completed restoration of the skull. It is, I understand, proposed to publish this restoration firstly as strictly determined by anatomical fact and devoid of hair, and then to add the hair of the scalp, the eyebrows, eyelashes, and beard, and to place artificial eyes in position. We shall thus get a representation of this ancient race or species of man, based on the sure foundation of the actual bones. Fanciful portraits of “primitive man” have before to-day been produced by some imaginative artists, but this will be the first portrait of him with an inner framework of truth.
[INDEX]
- Amœba, term applied to proteus animalcule, [194]
- Andrews, discoveries of, with regard to ozone, [252]
- Animalcules, bell, unicellular structure exemplified in, [197-199]
- ciliated unicellular, graceful movements of, [207]
- dried, examples of “suspended animation” in, [168], [169]
- proteus, processes of protoplasm in, [195]
- sun, processes of protoplasm in, [195]
- unicellular plants and, essential differences between, [204-207]
- Animals, aquatic, excess of egg production to ensure survival to maturity, [143], [144]
- aversions and cautious proceedings of, [269]
- blindness of, congenital, [272], [273]
- colour-protection and invisibility of, [304], [312]
- “concealment” and “warning” marks, distinction between, [310-313]
- destructive invasions made by various, [339], [340]
- devices adopted for protection of young by, [138], [139], [144]
- domesticated, reasons for continued congenital defects in, [271], [272]
- hibernation of, [165], [166]
- lower, various thread-producing, [293], [294]
- mankind and, causes of congenital defects in, [273]
- parthenogenetic powers possessed by certain, [330], [331]
- poisonous, methods of self-protection used by, [101]
- “warning” coloration possessed by, [107]
- propagation of, [132-137], [144-145], [329-330]
- sleep of, salient features connected with, [161-164]
- structure of multicellular and unicellular, comparisons between, [207-208]
- unicellular, uses made of cilia by, [194-197], [207]
- wild, congenital defects less obvious in, [271], [272]
- wood-boring, [346], [347]
- Anopheles Gnat, [3]
- Ants, aphides and, friendship between, [324], [325]
- Aphides—
- enemies of, [319], [325]
- hop-blight caused by species of, [317], [319]
- parthenogenetic propagation of, [326-327], [330], [334], [336]
- rapid propagation of, [326], [338]
- relationship of Coccidæ to, [322], [323]
- secretive productions of, [323-325]
- various species of, [322]
- Archæology, discoveries in connection with pre-historic man, [371-372], [391], [394-395], [398], [400], [402]
- Art, knowledge compatible with, [45]
- Astronomers, stupendous nature of work, [224]
- Astronomy, Halley’s discoveries in connection with, [226]
- Newton’s discovery of law of gravitation as affecting, [230]
- photography as affecting study of, [222]
- spectroscope as affecting study of, [224], [225]
- Atavism, feeble-mindedness resulting from, suggestion as to, [274]
- Athletes, experiments as to possible use of pure oxygen by, [260-263]
- Auzout, M., astronomical predictions attempted by, [229], [230]
- Bacon, Lord, quotation from, [1], [14]
- Bacteria, destructive invasion made by, [340]
- microscopic observation of, improvement in, [239]
- Balfour, Rt. Hon. Arthur, speech at Manchester by, [6], [7] (quotation)
- Bananas, cultivated varieties of, [369]
- plantains and, identity of, [368]
- Bayeux tapestry, [231]
- Becquerel, M., experiments of, [183]
- Beetles, book-worm, depredations of, [350-351]
- death-watch, tapping made by, [351], [352]
- wood-boring, [351], [352]
- wood-boring, [349-350]
- lady-bird, beneficial activity of, [319], [325], [326]
- origin of name, [325]
- perforation of soft metal by grubs of, [353]
- Bell-animalcules, [197]
- Birth-rate, increased, amongst poorer classes, [285], [286]
- Blood, lack of red colour in, cause of, [148], [149]
- red-coloured, cause and special duty of, [148]
- Bonaparte, Prince Roland, French representative at Darwin Centenary Celebration, [39]
- Book-worm beetle, [350]
- Boulenger, Charles, Egyptian fresh-water jelly-fish described by, [64]
- Boys, C. V., fine quartz threads spun by, [294], [295]
- Caddis-worms, movable cases made by grubs of, [343]
- Calandruccio, discovery of young of the eel by, [71-72]
- Cambridge—Darwin Centenary Celebration, Address by Sir Ray Lankester at, [33-37]
- held at, [18], [33], [38]
- notable representatives at, [33], [38], [39]
- Cave-men, ancient, artistic skill of, [80], [81]
- horse mastered and muzzled by, [80], [81]
- Caves, care taken in excavation of, [388]
- discoveries of human remains in deposits of, [371], [374], [383], [393], [395], [402], [407-409]
- discovery of bones of ancient men in, rarity of, [372-374]
- French and English, evidences of human occupation found in, [78-79]
- Cells, definition and origin of term, [170-173], [328]
- egg-cell, process of fertilisation, [202-204], [330], [332]
- important part played by nucleus in life of, [198-200], [328], [329]
- individual character and co-ordinated activity of, [170], [180-182], [184], [328]
- process of division, [200-202], [328]
- “Cell-theory,” explanation of Professor Schwann’s, [174-176]
- Chapelle-aux-Saints, discovery at, important, [371], [374], [390], [402]
- Children, feeble-minded, number attending schools provided for, [278]
- result of neglect to provide supervision for, [279-281]
- China, introduction of opium smoking into, [366], [367]
- Chinese primrose, similarity between poisonous properties of Rhus toxicodendron and, [104]
- Cholera, bacillus of, organisms favouring or checking growth, [242], [243], [246-249]
- carriers of, [245]
- causes of, [237]
- Metchnikoff’s and Pettenkofer’s experiments in connection with, [240-241]
- definition of word, [237], [238]
- germs, destruction of, [244], [245]
- Indian, active development of sanitation in Great Britain, due to panic caused by, [239]
- date of first appearance in England, [238]
- diffusion through water-supply, [239]
- discovery by Koch of bacillus producing, [240]
- epidemic nature of, [238]
- Europeans first attacked by, [238]
- recognition of, by Hindu writers, [238]
- precautions to be observed for prevention of, [244], [245], [246]
- Cholera-bacillus. See Cholera
- Christmas fare, origin of, [356-358]
- Cilia, animals provided with, and action of, [194], [195], [207]
- definition of term, [194]
- uses made of, by unicellular animals, [195-197], [207]
- “Cirrhipedes,” Darwin’s discovery with regard to, [23], [24]
- Civilisation, scientific knowledge as affecting, [16]
- Clothes moths, [341]
- Coccidæ, relationship of aphides to, [323]
- Colour, in bird’s feathers, [55], [56]
- nature and properties of light as affecting, [52-55]
- Comets, ancient records of, exaggeration in, [227], [229]
- composition of, [234], [235]
- Donati’s, imposing size of, [227]
- early superstitions with regard to, [227], [228]
- elliptical orbits of, [233]
- Halley’s—Chinese astronomical observations relating to antiquity of, [230]
- length and breadth of orbit, [233]
- length of tail, [227]
- predicted recurrences by discoverer of, [226], [230]
- recent appearance of, [226], [230], [236]
- significance of date of return, [228], [229]
- superstition and consternation caused by, [230], [231]
- William the Conqueror’s “star,” identical with, [231]
- important, various, [227]
- Milton’s reference in Paradise Lost to, [228], [229]
- periodic and wandering, distinction between, [233], [234]
- photographs obtained at Royal Observatory, Greenwich, of new, [225], [226]
- shooting stars and, connection between, [235], [236]
- signification of name, [227]
- superstitions with regard to, [229]
- Corrèze skull, [371]
- Cromagnards, designation of Reindeer men as, reason for, [390]
- Cuba, measures adopted for prevention of yellow fever and malaria in, [2], [3]
- Darwin Centenary Celebration at Cambridge, [18], [33], [38]
- Darwin, Charles—
- comparison between theories of Lamarck and, [19], [20]
- connection with University of Cambridge, [36]
- establishment of “natural selection” theory, [34]
- extent of time spent in experiments and observations, [18-19], [22-23]
- friendly relations between Wallace and, [13], [37]
- geological discoveries of, [24]
- Henslow’s influence upon, [36]
- “Natural selection” theory explained, [27-29]
- study of disease influenced by discoveries and research of, [39], [40]
- Darwinism (Wallace), [15], [16] (quotation)
- Death-rate, diminished, reasons accountable for, [284], [285]
- health of locality determined by, [283]
- records of, methods of keeping, [283], [284]
- Death-watch beetle, [351], [352]
- De Lastic, Vicomte, carvings from caves in collection of, [79]
- Dewar, Sir James, experiments of, [183]
- Divers, Mediterranean, suggested inhalation of pure oxygen gas by, [261]
- Diving, Fleuss apparatus, diluted oxygen supply to, [263-265]
- Donati’s comet, [227]
- Dragon, heraldic, description of, [114], [115]
- Dragons, classification of, by heralds, [120]
- conventional, probable sources of, [126]
- probable origin, [121-123]
- snakes and, connection between, [120-123]
- tradition of, reasons for discrediting suggested, [118-120]
- Drugs, individual variability (idiosyncrasy) with regard to, [102]
- Eau-de-Cologne, volatile oils from aromatic plants of Riviera used in manufacturing, [47]
- “Eel-fare,” term for annual “running up” of young eels, [67], [70], [73], [75]
- Eel-fisheries, regulation and encouragement by Danish Government of inland, [65]
- German Government of inland, [65], [66]
- Eels, age of, knowledge resulting from power of telling, [69]
- shown by scales, [69]
- common, period when change from “yellow” to “silver” takes place in, [67], [69], [70]
- reproduction, migrations and habits of, [66-67], [69-76]
- “leptocephalus-young-phase” or tadpole of, [71-73], [75]
- migrations of, geological changes as affecting, [74]
- Petersen’s researches with regard to “silver,” [68], [69]
- popularity of, abroad, [65], [66]
- rare occurrence of, in river Danube, [74], [75]
- “Elvers,” term for young eels, [66], [67], [70], [71], [73], [75], [76]
- Europe, iron, stone, and bronze ages of, [375-377]
- Evelyn, diary of, [229] (quotations)
- Feeble-minded, distinctions between lunatics and, [274-276]
- laws relating to lunatics and, need for improvement in, [275]
- necessity for state guardianship of, [276-278]
- Feeble-minded children, [278]
- Feeble-mindedness, atavism suggested cause of, [274]
- hereditary transmission of, [277]
- occurrence of cases in all classes of community, [276]
- views of Government Commission on origin of, [281]
- Festivals, Christmas, origin of children’s customs associated with, [361-362]
- English Christmas, introduction of turkey in connection with, [358]
- origin of heavy feeding at, [357]
- prehistoric and barbaric customs in connection with, [356-357]
- Fever, yellow, comparative death-rate from, in Panama Canal zone, [2-4]
- measures adopted in Cuba and Panama for prevention of, [2], [3]
- Fish, shell-fish and, individual susceptibility to poison from, [102], [103]
- Fishes, age of, method of telling, [69]
- poisonous, [103]
- poison-spines of, [107], [111]
- Fixed stars, [221]
- Flack, Mr. Martin, experiments of, with regard to oxygen gas, [260]
- Fleuss apparatus, [263-265]
- Flowers, perfumes discharged into the air by, various effects of, [105], [106]
- France, cultivation of purple variety of poppy in, [364]
- French archæologists, leading discoveries with regard to prehistoric man made by, [371], [372]
- Frogs, common, eggs of, [209], [212]
- growth from the egg, [213-215]
- English species, [216]
- European species, [216], [219]
- green tree-frog of Riviera, [49], [50], [52], [55]
- method of catching prey, [219]
- Furniture worm, [351], [352]
- Gases—
- oxygen, action of ordinary, [259]
- experiments as to possible use by athletes, [260-263]
- Fleuss diving apparatus and diluted supply of, [263-265]
- ozone, destructive powers of, [253]
- discoveries of Andrews and Tait with regard to, [252]
- experiments of Schönbein with regard to, [251], [252]
- methods of producing, [252], [253], [258]
- nature of, [252]
- proportion of, to fresh country or sea-coast air, [253]
- result of experiments with regard to, [259]
- signification of name, [252]
- therapeutic value and uses of, [258], [259]
- use in water-purification, [256], [258]
- Geology, Darwin’s discoveries in, [24]
- table showing history of man in Western Europe, [384 bis]
- Germany, custom of eating preserves with meat in, prevalent, [358]
- predominance of scientific knowledge in, [8]
- Gnats, Anopheles, malaria germ carried by, [3]
- Stegomyia, yellow fever germs carried by, [2], [3]
- Gorgas, Colonel, work of, in connection with yellow fever and malaria, [2-5]
- “Gossamer,” origin of term, [289]
- Grassi, discovery of the history of the eel by, [70-72]
- Green-flies, [322]
- Green tree-frog, [49], [50]
- Griffin, heraldic, [116]
- Guinea-pig, native home and original introduction of, [360], [361]
- various names given to, [360], [361]
- Halley, Edmund, astronomical discoveries of, [226]
- date of death, [230]
- foundation of Royal Society Club by, [230]
- law of movement of comets discovered by, [226], [230]
- Milton and, scholars of St. Paul’s School, [228], [229]
- Newton and, friendship of, [230]
- Halley’s comet, [226], [230]
- Hansen, leprosy-bacillus discovered by, [240]
- Hay fever, individual susceptibility to, [102], [104], [105]
- probable cause, [105]
- similarity between vegetable poisonings and, [105]
- Heart, action of nervous system upon, in man and higher animals, [151]
- muscular contraction, cause of, [150], [151]
- rate of beat in higher and lower animals, [152-154]
- in human species, [151], [152]
- significance of its beat, [147], [148]
- valves, action of, [149]
- Hedge-sparrow, [267]
- Henslow, Professor, Darwin as influenced by, [36]
- Herschel, Sir John, definition of word “species” by, [14], [15]
- Hertwig, Professor, German representative at Darwin Centenary Celebration, [33]
- Hill, Dr. Leonard, experiments of, with regard to use of oxygen gas, [260-265]
- Hipparion horse, [84], [85], [86]
- Hippopotamus age, [380], [386]
- Histology, origin of, [176]
- Hook, Robert, Micrographia by, [173], [288], [289]
- Hooker, Sir Joseph, Darwin and Wallace papers communicated to Linnean Society by, [12], [13]
- Hop-blight, causes of, [317-319]
- prevention of, [318], [319]
- Hop-louse, [317]
- Hops, brewing industry as affecting growers of, [321]
- cultivation of, [315-316]
- curing of, [320]
- English growers as affected by American and German hop-plantations, [320], [321]
- uses made of, [315]
- Horses, absence from American continent in fifteenth century of living asses, zebras, and, [89]
- ancestral, change in size and proportions of, [84], [85]
- lower Tertiary Hyracotherium, [84]
- middle Tertiary, [84]
- “pre-orbital cup” in Hipparion, [85], [86]
- upper Tertiary Hipparion, [84-86]
- ancestry of, scientific points of interest with regard to, [83-90]
- descent from Arab ancestry evidenced by presence of “pre-orbital cup” in, [86]
- English thoroughbred, history and ancestors of, [82], [90]
- “Ergot” of, [89]
- European, stock from which derived, [77-78]
- fossil remains of extinct, in North and South America, [89], [90]
- mark of difference between asses, zebras, and, [87], [88]
- mastery and muzzling of, by ancient cave-dwellers, [80], [81]
- Mongolian wild, absence of “pre-orbital cup” in, [86]
- derivation of European horses from, [77-78]
- description of, [78]
- prehistoric European, verified by ancient carvings found in caves, [79-81]
- selective breeding of, from time of cave-men onward, [82], [83]
- Southern or Arabian breeds of, presence of “pre-orbital cup” in, [86], [87]
- House-sparrows, [266]
- Huxley, Professor, calculation of, with regard to fecundity of plant-lice, [338]
- Hydra, heraldic, derivation of, [116]
- Hyracotherium horse, [84]
- India, practice of opium eating in, [366]
- Infants, blindness of, congenital, [272]
- mortality of, varied congenital defects causing, [272]
- Insects, association of, with plants, [296]
- colour-protection and invisibility of, [304-312]
- destructive invasions made by various, [339-345]
- jumping bean as exemplifying association of plants and, [297], [298-300], [302]
- parthenogenetic powers possessed by certain, [331], [332]
- poisonous, methods of self-protection used by, [101], [102]
- various weapons of, [111]
- “silver-fish,” depredations of, [351]
- skin burrowing, [112], [113]
- wood-boring, [346-354]
- Jelly-fishes, common, description of, [58]
- fresh-water, discovery of African, [61], [62]
- Chinese, [63]
- Philadelphian, [63], [64]
- Regent’s Park, [59], [60]
- reproduction of, [60], [61]
- poison-bearing threads of sea-anemones and, [110]
- Jumping bean, Mexican, caterpillar contained in, [229], [300], [302]
- movements of, [298], [299], [302]
- plant from which derived, [301], [302]
- relationship of insect and plant exemplified in, [297], [298-300], [302]
- Kew Gardens, beauty and interest of, [302], [303]
- specimens of Rhus toxicodendron at, [93], [94]
- Koch (Berlin), cholera-bacillus discovered by, [240]
- tubercle-bacillus discovered by, [240]
- Ladybird, [325]
- Lamarck, inferiority of scientific methods, as compared with Darwin, [19-22], [26]
- Philosophical Zoology by, [20]
- Lankester, Sir Ray, address by, Darwin Centenary Celebration at Cambridge, [33-37]
- Leprosy, bacillus of, discovery by Hansen, [240]
- “Leptocephali,” discovery of, [70-72]
- Life, protoplasm the seat of, [182-184], [328]
- Herbert Spencer’s definition of, [183], [184]
- Light, rate at which it travels, [221]
- Locusts, winged serpents and, probable connection between, [124-125]
- Lunatics, distinctions between feeble-minded and, [274-276]
- laws relating to feeble-minded and, need for improvement in, [275]
- Lyell, Sir Charles, Darwin and Wallace papers communicated to Linnean Society by, [12], [13]
- Malaria, comparative death-rate from, in Panama Canal zone, [2-4]
- measures adopted in Cuba and Panama for prevention of, [2], [3]
- Mammoth age, [380], [386]
- Man, sleep of, compared with repose or quiescence of other living things, [159-161]
- Mankind, congenital defects in, causes of, [273]
- Mental defect, [274]
- Metchnikoff, Professor, discoveries with regard to use and value of “phagocytes,” [39]
- experiment by, in connection with cholera-bacillus, [241]
- experiments and investigations of, for prevention of “senile change,” [40-43]
- influence of Darwin’s discoveries upon study of disease by, [39], [40]
- researches of, with regard to microbian flora of localities, [249]
- Russian and French representative at Darwin Centenary Celebration, [33], [38]
- Tolstoi’s meeting with, [43], [44]
- use of sour milk prepared with lactic ferment introduced by, [41], [42]
- Micrographia (Hook), [173], [289]
- Microscopes, improvements in, [173], [176-178]
- Milton, celebration of tercentenary of birth, Halley’s comet in relation to, [228]
- Halley and, scholars of St. Paul’s School, [228], [229]
- Mistletoe, pre-historic rites associated with, [362]
- Mollusca, animals classed as, and definition of word, [129]
- Molluscs, protection of young, [137-139], [144], [146]
- Mongolian wild horses, [86]
- Morley, Lord, installation of, as Chancellor of Manchester University, [6]
- Morphia, product of opium poppy, [363]
- Moths, British species allied to Mexican “jumper,” [300], [301]
- clothes, mischief effected by caterpillar of, [341-343]
- movable case made by caterpillar of, [341-343]
- propagation of, [341]
- various species of, [343-345]
- Mexican “jumper,” [300], [301]
- silk threads produced by caterpillars of certain, [293]
- Mountain-climbing, use of oxygen gas in, suggested, [263]
- Moustierian period, definition of, [384], [385], [408]
- skulls and skeletons found in cave-deposits allotted to, [371], [385], [393-395], [406], [408]
- Mussels, pond and river, propagation of, [144], [145]
- protection of young, [144]
- Mycenæ, discovery of, by Schliemann, [16]
- Neander men, comparison between skulls of Australian aborigines and, [396], [397]
- inferiority of, as compared with Cromagnards, [390]
- reasons for recognition of, as distinct and primitive species, [371], [385], [390], [402-403], [407]
- Neolithic Period, civilisation comprised in, [377-378], [380]
- definition of, [377]
- Nettles, poisonous stinging hairs of, [103], [104]
- Newton, Sir Isaac, discovery of law of gravitation, [230]
- Halley and, friendship of, [230]
- Opium, derivation of word, [364]
- eating, practice in India of, [366]
- medicinal value of, [368]
- poppy used for manufacture of, [363], [364]
- smoking, introduction by Chinese of, [366-367]
- Osborne, Professor, United States representative at Darwin Centenary Celebration, [33]
- Oxygen gas, [259]
- Oysters, care of breeding, methods adopted for, [141]
- classification of, [129]
- common, protection of young, [134], [144]
- destruction of typhoid germs in, [128], [129]
- French “green,” [141], [142]
- gill-plates or “beard,” [131]
- growth and maturity of, [134], [136]
- heart and blood-vessels, [132]
- lake, cultivation by ancient Romans, [140], [141]
- nervous system, [132]
- primeval man and, [139]
- propagation of American and Portuguese species, [137], [143], [144]
- common or North Sea and Channel species, [132-137], [143]
- structure and nature of, [129-137]
- Ozone gas, [251]
- Palæolithic period, definition of, [377]
- period of chipped flints, primitive arts and surroundings of, [378-381]
- Panama, measures adopted for prevention of yellow fever and malaria in, [2], [3]
- Perrier, Edmond, French representative at Darwin Centenary Celebration, [39]
- Petersen, researches of, with regard to “silver” eels, [68], [69]
- Pettenkofer (Munich), experiment by, in connection with cholera-bacillus, [240]
- “Phagocytes,” use and importance of, [39], [179]
- Philosophical Transactions, date of first published number, [229]
- Philosophical Zoology (Lamarck), [20]
- Phylloxera, [336]
- injury and loss caused by, [334], [337]
- introduction into Europe, [337]
- parasitic nature of, [337]
- propagation of, [336], [337]
- Piette, M., carvings from caves in collection of the late, [79], [80]
- Planets, changes on, probable result of, [223], [224]
- Plant-lice, [322]
- Plants, American, poisonous stinging hairs possessed by certain, [104]
- association of, with insects, [296]
- jumping bean as exemplifying association of insects and, [297], [298-300], [302]
- movements of, definite and varied, [160], [161]
- poisonous, special chemical substances produced from, [100]
- use of, in manufacture of Eau-de-Cologne, [100], [101]
- Plasmogen, formation of, [190-192]
- Pleistocene period, discovery of remains belonging to, [383], [385], [386]
- skeletons, found in caverns of Mentone, [398-399]
- epochs, table of, [384 bis]
- Pliocene period, discovery of remains belonging to, [386], [388]
- distinctions between Pleistocene and, [386-387]
- Poisonous animals, [101]
- fish, [103]
- insects, [102]
- plants, [92], [100], [104]
- Poisons, distinctions between gut-poisons and wound-poisons, [106-107]
- immunity from wound-poisons, method of producing, [107], [108]
- Poppies, cultivated variety from which opium manufactured, [363]
- cultivation of, in remote ages, [364], [365]
- earliest cultivation of, for oil, [363], [364]
- English varieties of, [363]
- opium, introduction from Europe into Far East of, [363-365]
- origin of medicinal uses of, [364], [365]
- Population, increased, due to higher birth-rate amongst poorer classes, [279], [285], [286]
- Post-Tertiaries (or Quaternary), gravel and cave-deposits termed, [83]
- Proteids, building up of, in plants, [204], [205]
- cell-protoplasm consisting of, [189], [190]
- chemical composition of, [188], [189]
- “Proteus,” definition of term as applied to unicellular animals, [193], [194]
- Protoplasm, chemical elements contained in, [187]
- death caused by destruction of, [183-185]
- active life of, [182-184], [328]
- explanation of term, [170-172], [328]
- Quaternary (Post-Tertiaries), [384 bis]
- Reindeer age, [384 bis]
- Reindeer men (or Cromagnards), artistic work of, [383], [390], [391], [393]
- brain cavity of, comparable with modern European, [388], [390]
- customs of, [391], [393]
- skulls and skeletons of, found in cave-deposits, [391], [393]
- Rhus toxicodendron, American poison-vine or, poisonous nature of, [92]
- case of poisoning by, recorded in The Spectator, [96]
- differences and resemblances between Virginian creeper, Veitchii, and, [93]
- individual susceptibility to poison of, [94], [96], [102]
- painful malady produced in certain persons by poison of, [91], [92]
- recognition in United States and Japan of danger of, [92], [98]
- results of examination in laboratory at University of Harvard (Mass.), with regard to, [94]
- similarity between poisonous properties of Chinese primrose and, [104]
- specimens at Kew Gardens, [93], [94]
- use in Japan, [92]
- Riviera, cultivated trees and plants of, [47-49]
- flowers for sale, cultivated in, [56], [57]
- green tree-frog of, [49], [50], [52], [55]
- meteorological conditions of, [46]
- primitive vegetation of, [46], [47]
- tree-frog, blue variety of, [50], [52], [53], [55], [56]
- vegetation of, influence of man upon, [57]
- Salamanders, European species, various, [218]
- Mexican, various species of, [215], [216]
- Sanitation, active development in Great Britain, cholera panic as affecting, [239]
- Schliemann, discovery of Troy and Mycenæ by, 16
- Schönbein, experiments of, with regard to ozone, [251], [252]
- Schwann, Professor, “cell theory” of, explained, [174-176]
- Science, discoveries in, satisfaction experienced by those making, [1]
- sensibility to art compatible with capacity for, [44]
- state officials’ opposition to, [286]
- value and importance of, [7], [8]
- Scorpions, poison of, experiments with regard to, [108-110]
- Sea-anemones, poison-bearing threads of jelly-fishes and, [110]
- Serpents, winged, probable connection between locusts and, [124-125]
- worship and propitiation of, [122-123]
- Shell-fish, poison-glands of, [111]
- boring in stone, [347], [348]
- Siebe, Gorman and Co., perfected diving dress constructed by, [265]
- “Silver-fish” book-worm. See Insects
- Skulls, ancient and modern, comparison between, [410]
- comparison between, of various periods, [393-401]
- Corrèze, comparison between Neanderthal and, [403-406]
- discovery of, [371], [374], [390], [402]
- restoration of, [410-411]
- European, compared with Neanderthal and Corrèze, [406]
- Sleep, alternation of night and day in its bearing upon periodic, [157-158], [159], [167], [168]
- animals’ winter, [165], [166]
- artists’ varied portrayal of, [156], [157]
- definition of term, varied, [157-161]
- irregularities and abnormal manifestations of, [164-166]
- length and duration of, conditions affecting, [166-167]
- man’s, compared with repose or quiescence of other living things, [159-161]
- salient feature connected with, [161-164]
- Shakespeare on, [155], [156] (quotations)
- Snails, whelks and propagation of, [137], [138]
- protection of young, [137], [138]
- Snakes, dragons and, connection between, [120-123]
- winged serpents, and probable origin of, [121-125]
- Solar system, comparative distance from “fixed stars,” [221-222]
- Sound, rate at which it travels, [221]
- Sparrows—
- hedge and house, distinction between, [267]
- differences between, [266-268]
- cuckoo eggs laid in nests of, [266], [267]
- use to agriculturists, [267]
- house and tree, close connection between, [268]
- harm done by, [267], [268]
- hidden or latent capacity in, [268]
- probable effects of destroying, [268]
- various species related to, [268]
- Spectator, The, case of poisoning by Rhus toxicodendron recorded in, [96]
- Spiders, garden, use made by astronomers of thread of, [262], [263]
- gossamer threads of minute autumn, [287-289]
- spinnerets of, [289-291]
- threads produced by, various uses made of, [289-292]
- various species of, [289]
- Spurges (Euphorbiaceæ), various species of, [301]
- Star-fishes, propagation of, [329-330]
- Stars, early superstitions with regard to, [227], [228]
- fixed, comparative distance of solar system from, [221]
- estimated number of, [222]
- measurement of, [225]
- “photographic,” estimated distance of, [223]
- shape of, [231], [233]
- “Vega,” position of, [224], [225]
- Stegomyia Gnat, [2], [3]
- Stings, poisonous, American plants possessing, [104]
- comparison between plants and animals possessing, [97], [106]
- nettles and other plants provided with, [103], [104]
- Stone-borers, shell-fish and worm, [347-349]
- “Suspended animation,” examples of, [168], [169]
- Symbolism, legendary monsters in relation to, [125], [127]
- Tadpoles, food of, [211], [212]
- growth and development of, [210], [211]
- gigantic, [218]
- Tait, discoveries of, with regard to ozone, [252]
- Tapestry, Bayeux, representation of Halley’s comet in, [231]
- Tertiaries, the, sand and clay deposits termed, [83]
- Thayer, Abbott, colour-protection and invisibility of animals as demonstrated by, [306-312]
- Troughton, use of spider’s lines in telescopes introduced by, [292]
- Tissue, explanation of term, [174]
- Toads, English species, [216]
- European species, various, [216-219]
- gigantic tadpoles of spur-heeled, [216-218]
- method of catching prey, [219]
- Tolstoi, Metchnikoff’s meeting with, [43], [44]
- “Toxin,” conversion into “anti-toxin,” [102]
- Trees, English, derivation of various, [57]
- Tree-sparrows, [268]
- Trout, “natural selection” theory in relation to increased caution of, [269], [270]
- Troy, discovery of, by Schliemann, [16]
- Tubercle-bacillus, discovery by Koch, [240]
- Turkey-cock, native home and original introduction of, [358-359]
- various names given to, [359]
- Two on a Tower (Hardy), quotation from, [220]
- Unicorn, heraldic, origin of, [127]
- Universities, extension and diffusion of science by, need for, [6], [8], [9]
- Oxford and Cambridge, reasons for inefficiency of, [10]
- Oxford and Cambridge, result of usurpation by wealthy classes, [9], [10]
- Upas-tree, Java, fabled effect of, [96]
- “Vega,” position of our sun and planets with regard to star, [224], [225]
- Village population, increasing degeneracy of, [270], [278], [279]
- Wallace, Alfred Russel, Darwinism by, [15], [16] (quotation)
- friendly relations between Darwin and, [13], [37]
- theories of, [12-14], [26]
- Wood, protection against “worm” and “mould,” methods advocated for, [354], [355]
- “worm-eaten,” production of, [349]
- Wood-borers, animal, [346-347]
- death-watch beetle, [351-352]
- furniture beetle, [348-350]
- Worms, stone-boring, [347-349]
- Wyvern, heraldic, [116]
- Yellow fever, [2-4]
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