[32] Née Brandreth (not Mrs. Gaskell, the authoress).

[33] Life of Lord Houghton, by T. Wemyss Reid, vol. i. p. 524.

[34] See Miss Nightingale's letter, printed below (p. [117]). Similarly she wrote to her father in 1854 (Feb. 22), that the head nurse in a certain London hospital told her that “in the course of her large experience she had never known a nurse who was not drunken, and that there was immoral conduct practised in the very wards, of which she gave me some awful examples.”

[35] Life of Lord Houghton, vol. i. p. 524.

[36] In many accounts of Kaiserswerth and of Florence Nightingale, it is stated that her knowledge of the institution came from Elizabeth Fry. It was a pleasant temptation to establish such a link between these two famous women, but Mrs. Fry was dead (1845) before Miss Nightingale had ever heard, so far as her papers show, of Kaiserswerth.

[37] See below, p. [94].

[38] G. M. Trevelyan, Garibaldi's Defence of the Roman Republic, p. 65.

[39] The Convent was giving hospitality at this time to the Abbess of Minsk (in Lithuania), whose persecution by the Russian Government formed the subject of much debate. Miss Nightingale wrote a long account of the extraordinary adventures which the Abbess related to her. She was advised in 1853 to print this, but I cannot find that she did so.

[40] Letter from R. Angus Smith, July 7, 1859.

[41] Letter to M. Mohl, Nov. 21, 1869.