Страница - 111 Страница - 113 Labour, act for the regulation of the wages of, [21] ;impolicy of, [22] ; method of paying for in Ireland, [61] . —— Rate Act, passing of, [313] . Labouring poor in Ireland, description of the state of in 1823, [94] ;legislative interference with to be avoided if possible, [88] ; proportion of out of employment, [96] ; in Ireland, condition of, [132] . La Cambré, account of the workhouse of, [213] . Land, enactment that not more than twelve acres be annexed to workhouses, [225] . Land, rise in the value of, [98] . Landlord and tenant, relations between, [97] . Landlords, ill effects apprehended from imposing a poor-rate on, [136] . Landowners, advantages of making them contribute to the support of the destitute, [190] . Lands, limitation of the quantity of, to be held by corporations for the use of the poor, [52] . Lascelles, Rowley, notice of, [2, note ] . Legal claims to relief, advantage of not giving the poor, [149] . —— provision recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry for sick and infirm poor, for emigration, and for casual destitution, [140] , [141] . —— proceedings taken against unions for neglecting to collect rates, [296] . Legislation, Irish, for the relief of the poor, summary view of, [57] , [58] . Leinster, Duke of, Mr. Stanley’s (now Earl of Derby) letter to, announcing the formation of a national system of education, [113] . —— the province of, probably an ecclesiastical formation, [3] . Lessor made liable for the poor-rate in certain cases, [291] . Letter of author to Lord John Russell in 1853, [399] et seq. Lewis, G. C. ‘Remarks on the Third Report of the Irish Poor Inquiry Commissioners,’ 151. Lezers (gleaners) of corn, act against, temp. Hen. VIII., [19] . Liability of persons to support their destitute relatives, [278] . ‘Liber Munerum Publicorum Hibernie,’ notice of, [2, note ] . Licences to beg, how and to whom to be granted, [52] . Limerick, the surrender of, [10] ; Limited relief for the poor, adoption of, [51] . Linen manufacture in Ireland, ill consequences of a mixture of with agricultural pursuits, [89] . Lingard, Dr., statement as to the early learning of Ireland, [2] . Lismore, council at, submits to Henry the Second in 1172, and receives the English laws, [3] . Livery, act of 1495 against retainers, [18] ; Living in Ireland, cheapness of, as compared with England, [65] . Loan funds, recommended for the assistance of the poor, [142] . Loans to families, by way of relief, recommended in certain cases, [178] ;for erecting workhouses, mode of managing, [272] ; amount of, [273] ; amount of from government in 1845, for the erection of workhouses, [302] ; may be raised on the security of the rates, to defray the expenses of emigration, [369] . Local machinery for the administration of relief, proposed to be the same as in England, [178] . —— acts to cease on the establishment of workhouses under the New Poor Law Act, [226] . London subscription to alleviate the distress in Ireland in 1823, amount of, [92] . Londonderry, Marquis of, opposition to the Irish Poor Law bill, [219] . —— ——, assistant-commissioners sent to, [236] . Lunacy more prevalent in Ireland than in England, [79] . Lunatic asylums, act for providing, [79] ;increase of in 1830, and effectiveness of, [103] , [104] ; number of in 1836, and expenditure of in 1833, [126] . Magistrates, why some should be ex-officio members of boards of guardians, [208] . Mann, Capt., account of the appearance of the potato during the disease, [310] . Mantle, act against wearing the Irish, [20] . Manufacturing and farming, prejudicial effects of the union of, [63] . Market-towns to be fixed on for centres of unions, [237] . Marriages, early, facilities for and encouragement of in Ireland, [55] ;prevalence of in Ireland, [99] . Marshes and bogs, increased advantages of draining on a large scale, [168] . Mary, accession of in 1553, [4] ; Mathew, Father, his account of the appearance of the potato during the disease, [310] . Meal, amount of distributed in 1846, [312] . —— and medical aid, government supply of to relieve the poor in Donegal, [200] . Measures for the relief of the poor, necessity of considering the good of society in general in the construction of, [133] . Meat seldom eaten by the Irish labouring poor, except at seasons prescribed by the Roman catholic church, [132] . Medical and surgical aid, provision for the supply of to the poor, [74] . Medical charities, Report of the Inquiry Commissioners on, [125] ;total expense of supporting in 1833, and number of cases relieved, [126] ; inquiry into, [268] ; report on in 1842, [279] ; act, summary of, [382] , [383] . —— commissioner, enactment for the appointment of, [383] . —— practitioners, remuneration of for vaccination cases, [268] . —— relief for the poor, inequality in the distribution of, [127] . Melbourne, Lord, speech of on introducing the new Irish Poor Law bill to the house of lords in 1838, [218] . Mendicancy, measures for the repression of, [44] ;prevalence of, in Ireland, [161] ; filth and squalor the accompaniments of, [162] ; means taken for the repression of under the new Poor Law, [254] ; bill introduced to the house of commons for the suppression of in Ireland, [265] ; not proceeded with, [ibid.] continued existence of, [280] , [281] . Mendicants, poor-law relief necessary for the suppression of, [181] ;prevalence of and encouragement of in Ireland, [182] ; to be removed as soon as possible into workhouses, [ibid. ] Mendicity Society of Dublin, income of, [106] . —— the sole resource of the aged and impotent poor, [132] . —— institutions, examples of the inefficiency of, [148] . Middle classes, almost entirely the supporters of the poor in 1830, [106, note ] . Middlemen, practice of employing, [60] ;injurious consequences of, [61] . Migration of mendicant poor, tends to diffuse contagious fevers, [86] . Migratory habits of the Irish opposed to a law of settlement, [181] . Milk, use of by the labouring poor in Ireland, [61] . Ministers and churchwardens of every parish to bind helpless children as apprentices, [41] , [42] . Minute of the Poor Law Board of Ireland, of Dec. 5, 1849, [257] . Missionaries, Irish, teachers of the Anglo-Saxons, [2] . Model schools, agricultural, proposed establishment of, [138] . Monasteries in Ireland, oasis of civilization, [2] . Money to be raised for building and supporting houses of correction, [28] ;provision for borrowing by boards of guardians, [230] . —— wages, the disadvantages of not paying, [35] . Morpeth, Lord, announcement by of the intentions of government, [155] ;introduces a bill to the house of commons for the suppression of mendicancy in Ireland, but it is not proceeded with, [265] . Mortality, greatly increased ratio of in workhouses during the distress occasioned by the potato disease, [326] ;decrease of in 1847, [338] ; in workhouses, increased ratio of in Feb. 1848, [345] ; in 1849, [351] . Munich, the workhouse test principle not adopted in, [197] . Munster, the province of, probably an ecclesiastical formation, [3] ;unions, embarrassed state of in 1851, [378] ; and Connaught, state of in 1851, [390] . Musgrave, Sir Richard, introduction of a bill by for the relief of the poor in Ireland, [154] ;consideration of postponed, [155] . National Board of Education, formation of in 1831, [113] ; —— distinctions between Irish and English, act for abolishing, [26] . —— establishments, recommendation of providing, for lunatics, deaf dumb and blind poor, vagrants, and persons willing to emigrate, [142] ;the whole of Ireland to be rated for, [ibid. ] —— improvement of Ireland, a board recommended for carrying into effect, [137] . —— schools, regulations for applications for aid, [116] ;debate in the house of commons in 1832 on the government plan for, [117] ; parliamentary grant in favour of, [118] . Navigation laws, alteration of, [311] . Needy but not destitute persons, not objects of poor-law relief, [203] . Newport, Sir John, chairman of the select committee to inquire into the state of disease and the condition of the labouring poor in 1819, [86] ;chairman of the select committee of the house of commons in 1827, on education in Ireland, [108] . Nicholls, Mr. G. ‘Suggestions’ of, in 1836, [130] ;recommendation of Lord John Russell to the house of commons to adopt the means proposed by, in order to relieve the distress in Ireland, [191] ; Second Report of, [196] et seq. Ninth Report of the proceedings [proceedings ] in 1847 under the new Poor Law Act in Ireland, [309] et seq. Nobility and gentry of Ireland, measures of Henry VII. for reducing the power of, [19] . Non-residence of proprietors in Ireland a cause of distress, [90] . North of Ireland, difference between and the south and west, [63] ;the author’s examination of the state of, [199] ; alleged inapplicability of the new Poor Law to, refuted, [ibid. ] Northmen, irruptions of into Ireland, [3] . Notice of claims to vote for guardians, term for making extended, [293] . Nottinghamshire, continued efficiency of the workhouse test in two parishes of, [164] . Oatmeal, moderate price of during the famine in Ireland in 1823, [92] . Oats, cultivation of in Donegal, to procure whiskey, [201] . Objections to the establishment of the English workhouse system in Ireland, combated by Lord John Russell, [192] , [193] ;to the new Irish Poor Law bill answered by the author, [197] et seq. O'Brien, Smith, bill introduced by for a system of poor-laws, [154] . Occupiers, to pay one-half of the poor-rate, [180] ;rated under 5l. , reasons for exempting from payment of poor-rates, [205] ; to pay the poor-rate, [228] ; and to deduct half from the owner, [ibid. ] ; under 5l. annual rent, regulation as to, [290] ; of more than a quarter of an acre not to be deemed destitute, [331] . O'Connell, Mr. D., opposition of to the Irish Poor Law bill of 1837-8, [210] ;difficulties arising in the execution of the poor-laws from his agitation for a repeal of the Union, [294] . Officers of health, appointment of, [78] ;recommendation that they be elected in all towns having 1000 or more inhabitants, with power to direct the cleaning of streets, removing of nuisances, &c. 87; to cause foundlings and orphan children to be taken care of, and when of suitable age to be sent to some British colony, [144] . —— of unions, commissioners empowered to fix salaries, prescribe duties, &c. 332. Opinions, various, respecting the causes of distress in Ireland, and the means of relieving, [120] . Order of proceedings of boards of guardians, a new, issued, [384] . Orders and regulations of the commissioner acting in Ireland forwarded to the London board, [241] . —— issued in 1850 for forming twenty-four new unions, [367] . Orphan-girls, number of enabled to emigrate, [353] , [370] . Out-door compulsory employment, not adapted for Ireland in the opinion of the commissioners of inquiry, [135] ;employment, difficulty in providing for the poor, [342] . —— relief not to be given, [176] ;objections to affording in any case, [204] ; decision of the board against affording during the distress of 1839, [258] ; limited power given to the guardians for distributing, [330] , [331] ; necessity for allowing, [336] ; amount expended on, in 1848, [346] ; number of persons receiving, [ibid.] in 1849, [365] ; in 1850, [376] ; in 1851, [387] , [388] ; in 1852, [394] ; in 1853, [ibid. ] ; in 1854, [402] . Outlaws, maintained by the lords to annoy each other’s rule, [23] . Out-relief lists, number of persons on in 1848, [349] ; Overcrowding of workhouses, dangerous results from, [325] . Overseers to collect assessed rates to provide for poor deserted infants, [50] . Owners of property to pay one-half of the poor-rate, [180] , [229] ;objections to charging the whole of the poor-rate on, [204] . Paid officers, recommendation of employing in administering relief, [178] ;Commissioners to direct the appointment of, to carry the poor-law into effect, [224] ; of unions, the importance of the provision enabling the Commissioners to appoint, [337] . Pale, English, notice of, [11] . Pamphlets, on the relative value of compulsory and voluntary relief, [129] . Parish rates, recommendation that they should be levied for sanitary purposes, [87] . Parishes refusing to provide for poor deserted infants, how to be proceeded against, [50] . Parliament, prorogation of, [156] ;prorogation of on the death of William IV., [195] . Parliamentary franchise, proposition to found upon the poor-law valuations, [266] . —— grants for educational purposes in Ireland, total amount of in 1827, [109] . Parochial machinery for union management, necessity for varying in Irish parishes, [172] . Pasturage, favourable climate of Ireland for, [60] . Pauper idiots and lunatics, permission to be retained in workhouses under certain regulations, [184] . —— labour, impolicy of endeavouring to make it a source of profit, [370] . —— lunatics, wards in workhouses appropriated to, [266] . Paupers affected with fever or contagious diseases may be maintained by the guardians in an asylum, or houses may be hired for them, [292] . Pay-schools, number of scholars taught at in 1827, [109] . Peace not to be made with Irish enemies without consent of the governor, [18] . Peasantry, the desirableness of exciting to depend on their own exertions, [93] ;the necessity of their obtaining plots of land, the occasion of crime, [161] ; indolence and apathy of, [162] ; desultory habits and love of amusement of, [163] . Penal colonies in Holland, account of, [214] , et seq. Penalties, justices empowered to proceed on summons for the recovery of, [230] . Perjury, witnesses giving false evidence to the poor-law commissioners, subjected to the penalties for, [334] . Personal property, difficulties of subjecting to a rate, [145] . Persons relieved in 1847, number of, [339] . Peter’s-pence, not paid by the Irish at an early period of their history, [2] . Petitions of the Roman catholic hierarchy for means of education, [108] . Phelan, Mr., investigation by into medical charities, [268] . Phœnician colonies, probable existence of in Ireland, [1] . Pitt, Mr., speech of on proposing the Union, [68] ;speech of on submitting resolutions for, [69] , [70] . Players of interludes and minstrels, found wandering, to be punished as vagabonds, [30] . Plots of land, strong desire of the Irish peasantry for, [161] . Ploughing by the tail, act against, [32] . Political influence, the desire for, leading to the subdivision of lands, [161] . Poor in Ireland, no provision for, until a recent period, [13] . —— children in Dublin above five years old, to be apprenticed to protestants, [36] . Poor-laws, a modified system recommended for Ireland, [100] ;English commissioners recommended for carrying into execution, [187] , [188] . —— Law Commissioners of England to be Commissioners of Ireland, [231] ; —— rate to be recovered from the occupier, who may deduct it from the rent in certain cases, [291] . Poor-rates, amount of charged and collected in 1844, [298] . Poor relief, amount expended on in the year ending Sept. 1847, [345] ; Population of Ireland, amount of at various periods, [11] , [12] ;decrease of between 1841 and 1851, [12] ; in 1821, 1831, 1841 and 1851, [357] . ——, too rapid increase of, a cause of distress, [94] . Porters and messengers to be licensed for the support of the Dublin Foundling Hospital, [48] . Potato, the facility of procuring, leads to a boundless multiplication of human beings, [90] . —— crop, distress occasioned by the failure of in 1823, [92] ;evils of a total dependence on, [93] ; in 1839, estimate of the state of, [259] ; deficiency of in 1841, [281] . —— disease, occurrence of in 1845-6, [306] ;distress occasioned by, [307] ; re-appearance of in the autumn of 1846, [323] ; recurrence of in 1848, [349] . Potatoes, the food of the labouring poor in Ireland, [61] . Poverty, conclusive evidence as to the state of in Ireland, [158] ;not the sole cause of the condition of the Irish peasantry, [162] . Poyning’s Act, 1495, effect of, [17] . Presidents and assistants for the relief of the poor, institution of, [52] . Price of labour in Ireland in 1830, [96] . Private trade in corn, determination not to interfere with, [313] . —— subscriptions, amount of for the relief of the poor in Ireland during the prevalence of the potato disease, [320] , [321] . Progress of population in Ireland, [11] , [12] . Promotion, spiritual, to be given to such only as speak English, [21] . Property, feeling prevalent in Ireland in favour of taxing for the relief of the poor, [165] ;what is to be assessed for poor-rates, [228] ; amount of, rated to the poor in Ireland and England, 269, note . Prostitutes, strolling, to be sent to houses of industry and kept to hard labour, [55] . Protestant settlers in Ireland, massacre of in 1641, [10] . —— Charter Schools Society to receive poor children, [54] . —— clergy, favourable to the introduction of a system of poor-laws, [167] ;salaries to be appointed for in workhouses, [226] . —— and Romanist classes, division of the kingdom into, [26] . —— and Roman catholic children, separate religious instruction recommended for, [111] . Protestantism, church establishment of in Ireland, [25] . Provisions, high price of, in 1840, [269] . Proxy, reasons for allowing owners to vote for guardians by, [207] . Public works, the extension of recommended in 1830, as a means of employing the Irish poor, [107] . —— act, passing of, [312] ;amount expended under in 1846, [ibid. ] “Queen’s pay,” ill effects of under the relief works, in withdrawing labourers from their proper employment, [315] . Rapparees, act for suppressing, [38] . Rate to be levied in Dublin for the support of the workhouse, [37] ;for the support of the Foundling Hospital, [48] ; increase of for that purpose, [49] . —— in aid, amount of the levy of, [359] ;amount of the second, [375] . —— of wages in 1851, [391] ; —— payers, joint, empowered to vote according to the proportions borne by each, [229] . Rateable property, amount of in 1845, 1847, and 1851, [393] . Rates to be assessed in every county and town for the support of houses of industry, [55] ;for emigration, how to be raised, [226] ; for the support of the poor, guardians empowered to levy, [227] ; to be a poundage rate, [228] ; to be recovered by distress if not duly paid, [229] ; collection of, apprehended difficulties proved groundless, [277] ; amount of, collected for the poor in 1845-6, [304] ; total amount raised for the poor, up to 1848, [346] ; in 1846, 1847, and 1848, [363] ; may be raised for defraying the expenses of emigration, [369] . Rating, power of vested in the board of guardians, [179] ;valuation for the purposes of, [180] ; under the new Poor-Law bill of 1837, objections to the plan answered, [204] . Reasons against the voluntary system, by a portion of the Commissioners of Inquiry, [147] . Rebellion of 1798, notice of, [11] , [67] . Reclamation of waste land, need of on a large scale in Donegal, [201] . Reformation not so successful in Ireland as in England, [4] ;education adopted as a means for extending, [25] . Register-book, enactment for the keeping of in workhouses, [226] . Relatives, liabilities of, to support their destitute parents, &c., [278] . Relief, imperfect recognition of the right of to the poor, [31] ;to be effectual must be uniform and prompt, [147] ; destitution to form the only grounds for, [176] ; rules for to be issued by the central authority, [177] ; amount expended in during 1841, [276] , [277] ; in 1842, [283] ; in 1843 and 1844, [299] ; in 1845, [301] ; amount of afforded from various sources under the Public Works Act in 1846, [312] . —— committees, formation of in 1846, [311] . —— Extension Act, copies of sent to all the unions, [338] . —— works, failure of, [316] ;amount expended on, ibid. [note ] . Relieving-officers, enactment for the appointment of, [331] . Religious persuasions, importance of bringing together children of different, for purposes of education, [110] ;zeal, difficulties offered by in raising voluntary funds and in affording impartial relief, [148] ; service, to be performed in workhouses by clergymen of different denominations, [226] . Remark on the evidence of the Inquiry Commissioners, by Mr. Bicheno, [151] . ‘Remarks’ by Mr. G. C. Lewis on the Third Report of the Inquiry Commissioners, [151] . Remittances from emigrants, amounts of, [392] . Rental of Ireland in 1776-78, [65] . Rents, comparative, in England and Ireland, [60] ;arising from exempted property, to be rated to the extent of half the poundage, [368] . Report of the Committee of the House of Commons on the state of the poor in Ireland, [82] et seq. —— of the Select Committee of the House of Commons in 1823 for providing funds for the useful employing of the labouring poor in Ireland, [91] . Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on education in Ireland, [108] et seq. ——, the first, in 1835, of the Commissioners appointed in 1833 to inquire into the condition of the poorer classes in Ireland, [118] et seq. ;the second, in 1836, [125] et seq. ; the third, in 1836, [131] et seq. —— of the Poor Inquiry Commissioners, rejection of the means proposed by them for alleviating distress in Ireland, [190] , [191] . ——, the first, of Mr. G. Nicholls on the state of Ireland in 1836, [159] ; —— of Commissioners for Ireland to be annually laid before parliament, [232] . —— of Commissioners under the Temporary Relief Act, [344] . Residence required to give a claim to relief, [292] . Residents for less than three years, if receiving relief, to be charged to the union, [367] . Resistance to the law, instances of unions offering, [295] . Resolutions submitted by Mr. Pitt for effecting an Union with Ireland, [69] ; Returning-officers, instructions to, under the new Poor-Law Act for the first elections, [242] . Revenue, comparative proportions raised by Ireland with that of Great Britain, [147] . Revolution of 1688, the Roman Catholics of Ireland support James II., [10] . Rice, Mr. Spring (now Lord Monteagle), chairman of the select committee of the house of commons in 1823, [91] . Richmond Lunatic Asylum, notice of, [84] . Rick-burning, Act against, temp. Hen. VIII., [19] . Road-making to be undertaken in order to employ the distressed poor in 1822, [80] . Roads in mountainous districts, the formation of recommended as providing employment for the labouring poor, [88] . “Robbery-money,” frauds exercised in order to obtain, [39] . Rogues vagabonds and beggars, act for the punishment of, [28] ;who are to be deemed, [29] . Roman Catholic clergy, notice of their opposition to the Kildare Street Society schools, [115] ;favourable to the introduction of a system of poor laws, [167] ; clergymen in workhouses, salaries to be appointed for, [226] . Roman Catholics of Ireland adhere to the cause of Charles I., [10] . Romans, never extended their conquests to Ireland, [2] . Rome, the supremacy of the see of, not acknowledged by the early Irish, [2] . Royal message to the parliament recommending an Union, [67] ;congratulating them on the measure being effected, [71] ; assent given to the Irish Poor-Law bill in 1838, [221] . Rumford, Count, attempts of to make pauper establishments self-supporting, failure of, [198] . Russell, Lord John, announcement of the necessity of some government measure respecting the poor of Ireland, [155] ;letter of instructions to the author, [157] ; speech of on introducing the new Irish Poor-Law bill in 1837, [189] ; introduction by of the Irish Poor-Law bill in 1837-8 to the house of commons, [210] ; interview of the author with, urging the carrying of the new law into immediate operation, [234] ; letter of the author to in 1853, [399] et seq. Salaries, estimated scale of, for union officers, [209] . —— to be paid to persons employed to seize persons begging without a licence, [54] . Sanitary state of workhouses, [275] . Scale of voting for guardians, [229] . Scholars, found begging, to be punished as vagabonds, [29] ;number taught in the various public schools in Ireland in 1827, [109] . School-houses to be built in each of the shire-towns, [25] . Schoolmasters and schoolmistresses, appointed for workhouses, [264] . Schools, supported by Roman Catholics, number of scholars taught at in 1827, [109] ;for union children, permission given to provide with land, [332] ; number of children attending in 1848, [348] . Scotland and Ireland, difference between as to provision for the poor, [13] . ——, alleged success of the system of voluntary contributions for the poor in, [150] ;number of parishes assessed and unassessed in 1855, [ibid. note ] . Scots, ancient name for the Irish, [2] . Scottish rebellions of 1715 and 1745, the Irish take no part in, [10] . Scrope, G. P., introduction of a bill by for the relief and employment of the poor in Ireland, [154] ;resolutions proposed by as to the necessity of providing relief for the Irish poor, [155] . Sea-sand and sea-weed, use of as manure in Donegal, [200] . Sea-service, male foundlings in certain cases to be apprenticed to, [44] . ——, guardians in Ireland empowered to apprentice poor boys to, [385] . Seaweed and sand, carried on the backs of the poor for manure, [94] . Second Report of Proceedings in Ireland under the New Poor-Law Act, [245] . Second Annual Report of the Poor Law Commissioners for Ireland in 1849, [349] . Secretaries, enactment for the appointment of, [223] . Security of property, necessary to induce the investment of capital, [208] . Sedan-chairs licensed for the support of Dublin workhouse, [37] . Select Committee of the house of commons in 1819, to inquire into the state of disease, and the condition of the labouring poor in Ireland, report of, [86] ;in 1823, to facilitate the application of the funds of private individuals and associations for the employment of the labouring poor in useful and productive labour, report of, [91] ; in 1830, to consider the state of the poorer classes in Ireland, and the best means of improving their condition, report of, [93] ; heads of the report, [96] ; in 1828, on education in Ireland, report of, [108] et seq. ; resolutions adopted by, [112] . Separate instruction in their religious duties for protestant and Roman Catholic children recommended, [111] . —— Poor Law Commissioners, not necessary, [338] . Servants, drunken, idle, or quitting their employment improperly, to be punished with the stocks or imprisonment, [40] ;agricultural, not hired in Ireland, [161] . Settlement, law of, to be dispensed with altogether, [181] ;litigation caused by the law of, [193] ; not intended to be introduced into the new Irish Poor-Law bill, [ibid. ] ; provision for decided against in the house of commons, [210] . Seventh Report of proceedings in 1845 under the new Poor-Law Act in Ireland, [299] et seq. Sexes, the separation of, practised in houses of industry, [192] . Sheep, reared in Donegal to pay the rent, [201] . Sickness, inquiry as to why the Irish labouring poor do not make provision for, [122] ;prevalence of in 1849, [349] . Single women, enactment making them chargeable with the support of their children, [227] . Sixth Report of proceedings under the new Poor-Law, [291] . Sixth Annual Report of the Poor-Law Commissioners of Ireland, [389] . Skibbereen, resistance to the payment of rates in, [295] . Small holdings, the work required easily performed and therefore constantly neglected, [163] ;prevalence of in Donegal, [200] . Social importance of the Irish Poor-Law, [156] . Society, the disordered state of in Ireland a consequence of the want of a well-regulated poor-law, [168] . —— of Friends, amount contributed by to relieve the distress in Ireland occasioned by the potato disease, [321] . Soil of Ireland, peculiarities of, [59] . Southwell and Bingham, encouragement of the workhouse test principle afforded by the example of, [198] . Spain, Gauls or Celtes from, supposed to have peopled Ireland, [1] . Spanish emissaries and troops, disquieting effects of, temp. Eliz., [5] . Speeches of Mr. Pitt on proposing the Union, [68] ;on submitting resolutions for, [69] , [70] . Speech of Lord John Russell on introducing the new Irish Poor-Law bill in 1837, [189] et seq. Spenser, the poet, grant of lands to, [5] ;his description of Ireland, [5] , et seq. ; proposals of for securing the quiet of Ireland, [8] . Stage-coaches licensed for the support of the Dublin Foundling Hospital, [48] ;number increased for, [49] . Stamp-duty, exemptions from in poor-law proceedings, [230] . Stanley, Mr. (now Earl of Derby), letter of to the Duke of Leinster, announcing the formation of a system of national education, [113] . Stanley, Mr., communication from respecting the state of the poor in Ireland, [196 note ] . Starvation, near approach to of the population of Donegal, [200] . State of Ireland in 1776-78, [59] et seq. ;various opinions as to, [61] . Statements of numbers relieved and chargeable to be posted weekly on workhouse doors, [369] . Statistical returns, instructions for to the assistant-commissioners, [240] . Statutes at Large, notice of, [13, note ] . Statutes cited.—Edw. II. 1310, [13] ; Hen. VI. 1440, [13] ; Hen. VI. 1447, [15] ; Hen. VI. 1450, [14] ; Hen. VI. 1457, [15] ; Edw. IV. 1465, [16] ; Edw. IV. 1472, [16] ; 10 Hen. VII. cap. 4, Poynings’ Act, [17] ; 10 Hen. VII. cap. 6, [18] ; 10 Hen. VII. cap. 17, [18] ; 13 Hen. VIII. cap. 1, [19] ; 22 Hen. VIII. cap. 12, [22] , [31] ; 25 Hen. VIII. cap. 1, [19] ; 28 Hen. VIII. cap. 15, [20] ; 33 Hen. VIII. cap. 9, [21] , [52] ; 33 Hen. VIII. cap. 15, [22] , [30] ; 11 Eliz. cap. 4, [23] ; 12 Eliz. cap. 1, [24] ; 18 Eliz. cap. 3, [31] ; 43 Eliz., [31] ; 7 Jas. I. cap. 4, [31] ; 11 and 12 Jas. I. cap. 5, [26] ; 10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 4, [27] , [52] ; 10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 15, [32] ; 10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 16, [34] ; 10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 17, [32] ; 2 Anne, cap. 19, [35] , [248] ; 6 Anne, cap. 11, [38] , [101] ; 2 Geo. I. cap. 17, [40] ; 9 Geo. II. cap. 25, [42] ; 11 and 12 Geo. III, cap. 11, [45] , [83] , [248] ; 11 and 12 Geo. III. cap. 15, [49] ; 11 and 12 Geo. III. cap. 30, [23] , [51] , [101] , [104] ; 13 and 14 Geo. III. cap. 24, [49] ; 25 Geo. III. cap. 48, [48 note ] ; 45 Geo. III. cap. 111, [73] ; 46 Geo. III. cap. 95, [74] , [104] ; 49 Geo. III. cap. 101, [75] ; 51 Geo. III. cap. 101, [76] ; 54 Geo. III. cap. 112, [76] ; 57 Geo. III. cap. 106, [78] , [103] ; 58 Geo. III. cap. 47, [76] , [102] , [104] , [144] ; 59 Geo. III. cap. 44, [78] , [144] ; 3 Geo. IV. caps. 3 and 84, [80] ; 6 Geo. IV. cap. 102, [81] ; 7 Geo. IV. cap. 74, [225] ; 1 and 2 Vict. cap. 56, [222] , [398] ; 2 Vict. cap. 1, [233] , [244] ; 3 and 4 Vict. cap. 29, [268] ; 6 and 7 Vict. cap. 92, [291] ; 9 and 10 Vict. cap. 1, [312] ; 9 and 10 Vict. cap. 22, [311] ; 9 and 10 Vict. cap. 1, [312] ; 10 and 11 Vict. cap. 7, [320] , [339] , [344] ; 10 and 11 Vict. cap. 22, [319] , [339] ; 10 and 11 Vict. cap. 31, [330] , [338] , [341] , [345] ; 10 and 11 Vict. cap. 84, [332] ; 10 and 11 Vict. cap. 90, [333] ; 11 and 12 Vict. caps. 1 and 2, [311 note ] ; 11 and 12 Vict. cap. 25, [354] ; 11 and 12 Vict. cap. 47, [354] ; 12 and 13 Vict. cap. 4, [355] , [360] ; 12 and 13 Vict. cap. 104, [367] ; 13 and 14 Vict. cap. 14, [374] , [380] ; 14 and 15 Vict. cap. 35, [385] ; 14 and 15 Vict. cap. 68, [382] ; 15 and 16 Vict. cap. 16, [381] ; 15 and 16 Vict. cap. 63, [393] ; 16 and 17 Vict. cap. 7, [393] . Stirabout, found to be the best form of food for distribution, [318] . Stirpes or septs, heads of, to be answerable for the rest, [24] . Stocks, a punishment for idle, drunken, or dishonest servants, [40] ;for begging without a licence, [53] . Stone-breaking, recommended as a test for relief to the able-bodied poor, [342] . Streets, recommendation for the cleaning of, [87] . Strigul or Strongbow, expedition of against Ireland, [3] . Strolling beggars, Act for lodging, [51] . Strongbow, expedition of to Ireland, [1] . Stuarts, the Irish take no part in the movement in their favour in 1715 and 1745, [10] . Subdivision of land, excessive prevalence of in Donegal, [201] . Subdivisions of lands, by lowering the standard of living, productive of fevers, [78] . Sub-letting of land, evils consequent on, [98] . Subscriptions to alleviate the distress in Ireland, 1823, amount of the London, [92] ;promoted by government for the relief of Ireland, [357] . Sufferings of the population of Ireland between 1841 and 1851, [12] . ‘Suggestions’ by the author in 1836, [129] , [130] . Summary of act of 1 and 2 Vict. cap. 56, [222] et seq. ;of the 2 Vict. cap. 1, [233] ; of the 6 and 7 Vict. cap. 91, [291] ; of the act to make further provision for the destitute poor in Ireland, [330] ; of the act to make provision for the punishment of vagrants, &c., [332] ; of the act for the execution of the laws for the relief of the poor in Ireland, [334] , [335] ; of the Rate-in-Aid Act, [355] , [356] ; of act to amend the previous acts for the relief of the Irish poor, [367] ; of an act for the further advance of public money to distressed unions, [374] , [375] ; of the Medical Charities Act, [382] , [383] . Supervisor of rates, appointed in large towns, [279] . Suppression of mendicancy, answer to the objections against the measures for, [206] . Surgeons and physicians for infirmaries and county hospitals, generally provided, [83] . Surveys, new ones to be made where necessary, [228] . Table of the numbers of persons in workhouses, of the number and rate of deaths per week, of the numbers relieved, and of the weekly cost of relief, from 1846 to 1853, both inclusive, [404] . Tabular view of number of unions, of the expenditure, of the number of workhouses, the number of inmates, and the number relieved, in the years from 1840 to 1846, both inclusive, [323] . Tabular statement of number of unions, expenditure, number of inmates, number receiving out-door relief, and total cost from 1847 to 1853, both inclusive, [395] . —— statement of average cost of maintenance from 1847 to 1854 both inclusive, [397] . Tally, the use of by the labouring poor in Ireland, [62] . Task-work, adoption of as a test, [313] ; Tax, levied under the new Poor Law not likely to exceed greatly that now levied by mendicants in Ireland, [192] . Taxes in Ireland, lightness of previous to the Union, [66] . Teachers of schools, recommendation that they be selected without regard to religious distinctions, [111] . Temporary Relief Act, passing of, [316] ; Tenants, ejected, deplorable condition of, [99] ;disease generated thereby, [100] ; for life, proposed empowering of to grant leases for certain terms, and to charge the property for permanent improvements, [138] , [139] . Tenantry, not able to bear the burden of a rate for the support of the poor, [136] . Thieves, reward for killing or capturing in 1450, [14] ;robbers and rebels, act against in 1440, [14] . Third Report of proceedings in Ireland under the new Poor Law act, [259] . Third Annual Report of the Irish Poor Law Commissioners, [364] . Threshing, custom of burning the corn in the straw instead of, [33] . Tillage, inferiority of in Ireland, [60] . Time of election for boards of guardians, enactment for fixing, [223] . Tipperary, peculiar state of as a county palatine, [7] ;resistance to the payment of rates in, [235] . Tithe-owners, influence of in passing the act in favour of earth-tillers, [20] . —— composition, plan for purchasing and making the surplus available to the relief of the poor, [146] . Tithes to pay poor-rate, [229] . Townlands, enactment for the union of, [223] ;regulation with regard to the boundaries of, [233] . Towns, recommendation of Spenser that they should be built, [9] ;increase of and wealth in, [160] ; a voluntary poor-law established in the principal of the north of Ireland, [200] . Transition-period, difficulties to be overcome during, [166] . Transportation, act for the punishment of rogues and rapparees by, [89] . Treasurers, guardians, &c. to furnish accounts, [230] . Trevelyan’s (Sir Charles) ‘Irish Crisis,’ notice of, [256, note ] ; [285, note ] ; 307, [311] , [314] , [319] , [320] , [328] . Twisleton, Mr., appointed as fourth Commissioner of the Poor Law Board, and sent to Ireland, [309] ;appointed chief of the Irish Commission, [338] . Tuam union, neglect of to collect poor-rates, [295] ;legal proceedings commenced against, [300] ; board of guardians dissolved by the commissioners, [305] . Tyrone, rebellion of, [5] . Ulster, the province of, probably an ecclesiastical formation, [3] ;plantation of by James I., [9] . Uncultivated land, the existence of a favourable circumstance for the introduction of a poor-law, [168] . Unemployed labourers in Ireland, number of, [133] ;numbers dependent on, [134] . Union agricultural societies, plan for the formation of, [269] . —— of Ireland with England, in 1800, [11] , [71] . —— officers, mortality among during the distress in Ireland occasioned by the potato disease, [326] ; Unions, suggested size of in Ireland, [172] ;principles to be observed in forming, [178] ; answers to the objections to proposed size of in the Report of 1836, [205] ; estimated expenses of, [209] ; enactment for the formation of by Commissioners, [223] ; directions to the assistant commissioners for the formation of, [236] , [237] ; number of, in 1839, [245] ; in 1840, [245] ; difficulties in forming, [246] ; number of in 1841, [259] ; number of declared in 1842, [271] ; number of, in which resistance to the payment of rates were made, [295] ; unsatisfactory state of the finances of in 1847, [328] , [329] ; number of, in which no out-relief was given, [343] , [352] ; numbers of, not giving out-relief in 1850, [366] ; where new ones are formed, the commissioners to make arrangements for the joint use of the workhouse till a new one is built, [368] ; eight new formed in 1850, [373] . United Kingdom of England and Ireland, the assembly of the first parliament of in 1701, [72] .