BOOK I
[CHAPTER I]
PAGE
The true Starting-Point for a History of the Army[1]
The Primitive Army of the English[5]
Its Distinctive Peculiarity[6]
Battle of Hastings[6]
The English at Durazzo[7]
The Introduction and Insufficiency of Knight-Service[8]
Persistence of the old English Tactics; Battle of Tenchbrai[9]
Battles of Brenville, Beaumont and the Standard[10]
Blending of Offensive and Defensive Arms of Infantry[11]
Rise of the Cavalry; the Tournament[11]
Henry II.'s Military Policy[11]
The Assize of Arms[12]
Richard I. and the Crusades[13]
Introduction of the Cross and of the Military Band[14]
Decay of the Feudal Force and its Causes[14]
The Great Charter and its Results[15]
Reforms of Edward I.; Commissions of Array; Statute of Winchester[16]
Battle of Falkirk[17]
Battle of Bannockburn[18]
Revival of old English Tactics at Halidon Hill[19]
[CHAPTER II]
The System of Hiring Troops by Indent[22]
Chivalry; the Men-at-Arms[23]
Horses[25]
Retinue of the Knight[26]
Administrative Organisation and Tactical Formation of Men-at-Arms[26]
Pauncenars and Hobelars[27]
Welsh Spearmen; English Archers[28]
General Organisation of the Army; Pay; Corrupt Practices[30]
[CHAPTER III]
Invasion of France by Edward III.[33]
Edward's Retreat to Creçy[33]
Battle of Creçy[35]
Renewal of the War[37]
The Black Prince's Advance to the Loire and Retreat to Poitiers[38]
Battle of Poitiers[39]
Peace of Brétigny[41]
The Free Companies; Battle of Cocherel[42]
Battle of Auray[43]
The White Company[44]
The Black Prince's Invasion of Spain; Sir Thomas Felton[45]
Battle of Navarete[46]
Revolt of Gascony and Aquitaine[47]
Death of the Black Prince[48]
[CHAPTER IV]
The Spread of English Tactics; Battle of Sempach[50]
The Free Companies; Rise of the Purchase System[51]
Sir John Hawkwood[51]
Battle of Aljubarotta[53]
Improvement of Firearms[53]
Henry V.'s Invasion of France[54]
Siege of Harfleur; the March for Calais[55]
Battle of Agincourt[58]
Scots enter the French Service; Battle of Beaugé[62]
Death of Henry V.[63]
[CHAPTER V]
Continuation of the War under the Duke of Bedford[64]
Battle of Crevant[64]
Battle of Verneuil[65]
Siege of Orleans; Battle of the Herrings[67]
Joan of Arc[68]
Decline of the English Efficiency; Defeat of Patay[69]
Artillery used against the Archers[69]
Foundation of the French Standing Army[70]
Continued Decline of the English[70]
Their Final Defeat at Chatillon[71]
Discontent and Disorder in England[72]
Wars of the Roses; Edward IV.[74]
Battle of Towton[74]
Battle of Barnet[76]
Introduction of Firearms; Decay of Old English Tactics[77]
Martin Schwartz at the Battle of Stoke[77]
Close of the First Period of English Military History[78]
BOOK II
[CHAPTER I]
Renascence of the Art of War in Europe; John Zizka[81]
Rise of Swiss Military Power[82]
Swiss Tactics[83]
Decline of the Swiss; Marignano, Bicocca, Pavia[85]
Rise of the Landsknechts[85]
Their Organisation[86]
Their System of Discipline[90]
Their Tactics[91]
French Invasion of Italy in 1496[93]
The Artillery of the French Army[93]
French Military Terms[93]
Corruption in the French Army[95]
Rise of the Spanish Military Power[96]
Gonsalvo of Cordova[97]
Pescayra's Firing System[97]
Spanish Arquebusiers[98]
Spanish Discipline[99]
Spanish System of Training[100]
Their Improvements in Firearms[101]
Rise of Dragoons[102]
Change in Tactics of Cavalry[102]
Old Surgery and Gunshot Wounds[103]
Missile Tactics of the Reiters[104]
The Military Renascence founded on Classical Models[106]
[CHAPTER II]
Accession of the Tudors[108]
Results of the Loss of France; Calais[108]
Dislocation of the old Military Organisation[109]
Coat- and Conduct-Money; Yeomen of the Guard[110]
The Tudor Colours[111]
The Office of Ordnance[111]
Military Efforts of Henry VIII.[112]
War with France; Defects of the Army[112]
Slow Improvement in Organisation[113]
Foreign Mercenaries[114]
The Northern Horsemen[114]
Battle of Flodden[115]
Continued Discouragement of Firearms[117]
Scheme for Rearmament of Infantry Abandoned[119]
The Artillery Company[119]
The Great Review of 1539[119]
The Breed of English Horses[121]
Henry as an Artillerist[122]
The Three Divisions of the English Forces[123]
The Lords-Lieutenant[124]
New Statute of Defence under Philip and Mary[125]
Loss of Calais[126]
[CHAPTER III]
Disorder in the Military System on Elizabeth's Accession[127]
Great Efforts to Restore Efficiency[128]
Report of the Magistrates on Existing Means of National Defence[128]
The New School of Soldier[129]
Opportunity lost for Erecting a Standing Army[130]
English and Scots Volunteers aid French Protestants[131]
War with France; Unreadiness of England[131]
A Corps of Arquebusiers formed[132]
Insurrection in the North; Bad Equipment of English Troops[133]
Gradual Displacement of Bows and Bills by Pikes and Firearms[133]
First English Volunteers sail for the Low Countries[135]
London leads the Way in Military Reform[135]
Gradual Introduction of Foreign Methods and Terms[135]
Outburst of Military Literature at the close of Elizabeth's Reign[136]
[CHAPTER IV]
Revolt of the Netherlands; Morgan's English Volunteers[141]
The English School of War in the Netherlands; Sir Humphrey Gilbert[142]
Thomas Morgan[142]
John Norris; Battle of Rymenant[143]
Elizabeth's Double-dealing with the Dutch Insurgents[144]
Despatch of Leicester to the Low Countries[146]
Battle of Zutphen[147]
Edward Stanley[150]
The Camp at Tilbury[151]
Maurice of Nassau[152]
Reorganisation of the Dutch Army[152]
The Infantry[153]
The Cavalry[155]
Francis Vere[155]
Corruption in the Army[156]
The British taken into Dutch Pay[157]
[CHAPTER V]
The Campaign of 1600[159]
Battle of Nieuport[160]
The Defence of Ostend[165]
Death of Francis Vere[167]
The Twelve Years' Truce[168]
Renewal of the War[168]
The British Officers in the Dutch Service[169]
Some peculiar Types[170]
Improvement of the British Soldier[171]
[CHAPTER VI]
The British School of War in Germany[173]
Early Entry of Scots into the Swedish Service[173]
Mackay's Highlanders[175]
Their early Exploits in the Service of Denmark[175]
Their Defence of Stralsund[178]
Their Entry into the Service of Gustavus Adolphus[179]
Reforms of King Gustavus; the Infantry[179]
The Cavalry[182]
The Artillery[184]
His Matching of Mobility against Weight[185]
Battle of Leipsic[186]
The Action with Wallenstein before Nürnberg[189]
The Scots Regiments enter the French Service[190]
[CHAPTER VII]
King James I.; Repeal of the Statute of Philip and Mary[191]
King Charles I.; Buckingham's Military Mismanagement[191]
Lord Wimbledon's efforts to Restore Military Efficiency[193]
Military Writers; Hopeless Condition of the English Militia[194]
Collapse of the Military System at the Scotch Rebellion of 1639[194]
The Collapse repeated in 1640[195]
Resistance to enforcement of the Military Requirements of the King[196]
Rout of the English at Newburn[198]
The Scots Army subsidised by the Parliament[198]
Widening of the Breach between King and Parliament[198]
The Futile Struggle of both Parties for the Militia[198]
Outbreak of the Civil War[199]
The Rival Armies; Prince Rupert[199]
Oliver Cromwell; Rupert's Shock Action at Edgehill[200]
Cromwell sees the Remedy for ensuring Victory over the Royalists[200]
Helplessness of the Parliament in the Early Stages of the War[201]
Superiority of the Royalist Cavalry[201]
The King's Success in the Campaign of 1643[202]
It is checked by Cromwell[203]
Fairfax and Cromwell at Winceby Fight[204]
Parliament votes a Regular Army[204]
The Scots cross the Tweed; the Committee of both Kingdoms[205]
Marston Moor[205]
Sir William Waller urges the Formation of a Permanent Army[207]
Collapse of the Existing System of the Parliamentary Army[208]
The New Model Army voted[208]
BOOK III
[CHAPTER I]
Fairfax appointed to Command the New Model[211]
Philip Skippon his Chief Officer[212]
The Making of the Army; Red Coats[213]
The Organisation of the Army; Infantry and Cavalry[214]
Shock Action[215]
The Dragoons; the Artillery[217]
The Engineers[219]
Organisation of the War Department[219]
List of the Army[220]
The Ruling Committee's Plan of Campaign[222]
It is upset by Montrose's Victory at Auldearn[223]
Cromwell appointed Lieutenant-General[223]
Battle of Naseby[224]
The New Model's victorious Campaign in the West[227]
Charles's Last Hope destroyed at Philiphaugh[228]
[CHAPTER II]
The English and Scots[229]
The Parliament and the Army[230]
Fatuous Behaviour of Parliament[231]
The Army advances on London[232]
The House purged[233]
Charles throws himself into the arms of the Scots[234]
Cromwell's Dash into Yorkshire; Preston[234]
The Army appeals for Justice upon Charles[235]
Cromwell accepts the Command in Ireland[236]
The Mutiny at Burford[237]
The Irish Campaign[237]
Threatened Invasion of Scots; Fairfax resigns[239]
Cromwell succeeds Him; George Monk[239]
The Coldstream Guards[240]
The Campaign in Scotland[240]
Cromwell Outmanœuvred; Retreat to Dunbar[241]
Leslie's False Movement[242]
Battle of Dunbar[243]
Reduction of the Lowlands[245]
The Scots unite again under Charles Stuart[245]
Cromwell's Plan of Campaign[246]
Battle of Worcester[247]
[CHAPTER III]
Gradual increase of the Army during the Civil Wars[248]
Measures for reducing it[248]
The Dutch War; George Monk[249]
The Expulsion of the Rump by Cromwell[250]
The United Kingdom under Military Government[251]
George Monk in Scotland[251]
His Highland Campaign[252]
Henry Cromwell in Ireland[254]
Oliver Cromwell in England[256]
Military Districts and Mounted Constabulary[257]
[CHAPTER IV]
The West Indian Expedition[258]
The Plan of Campaign[259]
Faults in the Composition and Direction of the Force[260]
Refusal of Barbados to assist[261]
Failure of the Attack on St. Domingo[262]
Capture of Jamaica; the bulk of the Expedition returns to England[263]
Frightful Mortality among the Troops in Jamaica[263]
War with Spain; Six Thousand men sent to Turenne in Flanders[266]
Excellence of their Discipline[267]
Their Mad Exploit at St. Venant[268]
Sufferings of the Troops in Winter Quarters[268]
Sir William Lockhart appointed to Command[269]
The British Regiments in the two contending Armies[270]
Battle of Dunkirk Dunes[271]
The King's English Guards[273]
Further Exploits of the Six Thousand[273]
Death of Oliver Cromwell[274]
Richard Cromwell resigns; the Officers restore the Rump[274]
Monk concentrates at Edinburgh and moves South[275]
The Camp at Coldstream[276]
Monk's March to London[276]
The Rump dissolves itself under Monk's pressure[277]
The Restoration[277]
[CHAPTER V]
The Revival of the Military Spirit in England[279]
The new type of Soldier introduced by Cromwell[280]
Discipline of the Army[281]
Incipient Organisation of a War Department[283]
Stoppages of Pay; Barracks[284]
Abolition of Purchase[284]
Suppression and Revival of Fraudulent Practices[285]
BOOK IV
[CHAPTER I]
The Disbandment of the New Model[289]
The First Guards and Blues raised[290]
The Coldstream Guards reserved from the New Model[290]
The Life Guards[291]
The First Foot brought to England[292]
Second Foot and Royal Dragoons raised[292]
Reorganisation of the Militia[292]
Growth of the Empire[293]
War with the Dutch[293]
The English Regiment in Holland returns, to become the Buffs[294]
France and England declare War against Holland[295]
James, Duke of Monmouth; John Churchill; William of Orange[296]
Tangier[297]
The Fourth Foot formed[298]
Accession of James II.; his Powers of Administration[298]
Monmouth's Rebellion[299]
Fifth to Eighteenth Foot, First to Sixth Dragoon Guards, and Third and Fourth Hussars established[300]
The Camp at Hounslow[300]
The Twelfth Foot refuses to accept the Declaration of Indulgence[303]
Tyrconnel and the Army in Ireland[303]
Invasion of William; Sixteenth and Seventeenth Foot raised[305]
Desertion of Officers and Flight of James[306]
[CHAPTER II]
Administration of the Army; the Commander-in-Chief[308]
The Office of Ordnance[309]
Finance[310]
The Secretary-at-War[311]
The Staff at Headquarters[312]
No Means of Enforcing Discipline[313]
Pay of the Army; General Corruption[314]
Regimental Organisation and Equipment; the Cavalry[321]
Dragoons; the Scots Greys[323]
The Infantry[324]
The Artillery[328]
Chelsea Hospital and Kilmainham[328]
BOOK V
[CHAPTER I]
Accession of William; Discontent in the Army[333]
Mutiny of the First Foot[334]
The First Mutiny Act passed[335]
Increase of the Army[336]
Seventh Dragoon Guards and Nineteenth to Twenty-fourth Foot raised[337]
Rottenness in the Military System[337]
Marlborough's First Fight with a Marshal of France[338]
The Rebellion in Scotland; Twenty-fifth Foot raised[338]
Killiecrankie[339]
Twenty-sixth Foot formed[340]
Dunkeld[341]
Socket Bayonet introduced by Mackay[341]
Londonderry and Enniskillen[342]
The Fifth Lancers, Inniskilling Dragoons and Twenty-seventh Foot formed[342]
Schomberg sails for Ireland[343]
The Campaign breaks down[344]
Disgraceful State of the Army[345]
Preparations for a New Irish Campaign[348]
[CHAPTER II]
The Theatre of War in the Low Countries[351]
The French passion for a Siege[354]
The old-fashioned Campaign as then understood[355]
The Allies and French compared[356]
Campaign of 1691[357]
Campaign of 1692[358]
Namur captured by the French[359-360]
Battle of Steenkirk[360]
End of the Campaign[367]
[CHAPTER III]
Additions to the Army; Eighth Hussars raised[368]
The Campaign of 1693[369]
Battle of Landen[370]
Increase of the Army for next Campaign; the Seventh Hussars[376]
Tolmach's failure at Brest[377]
Campaign of 1695[377]
Siege of Namur[378]
Peace of Ryswick[379]
[CHAPTER IV]
Financial Exhaustion of England[381]
Kidnapping of Recruits[382]
The Troops unpaid[383]
The cry of No Standing Army[384]
Harley's Motion for Reduction of the Army carried[384]
Abuse heaped on the Army in consequence[385]
Distress of the Army through withholding of its Arrears[385]
William tries to keep a larger Army[386]
The English Establishment reduced to Seven Thousand Men[386]
Distribution of the Army so reduced[388]
Renewed outcry of Soldiers for their Arrears[389]
Helplessness of the Commons[390]
The outcry increased owing to the Resumption of Crown Grants[391]
Renewal of the War; King William[392]
BOOK VI
[CHAPTER I]
The Spanish Succession[397]
Increase of the Army; Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Foot[398]
Marlborough sails for the Low Countries[399]
Twenty-eighth to Thirty-second Foot, Thirty-seventh and Thirty-ninth Foot raised[400]
Opening of the Campaign of 1702[401]
Marlborough takes the Field[402]
His Campaign ruined by the Dutch Deputies[403]
The Centre of Operations tends towards the Danube[406]
The Descent on Cadiz[407]
Marlborough's Escape from Capture in Flanders[407]
He is raised to a Dukedom[408]
Scandals in the Paymaster's Office[408]
The Office reconstituted[410]
[CHAPTER II]
Increase of the Army[411]
The French Plan of Campaign[412]
Marlborough's Plan[413]
A Second Campaign ruined by the Dutch[414]
French Successes on the Rhine and Danube[415]
Eugene of Savoy[416]
Marlborough's Plan for a March to the Danube[416]
Disposition of the French[418]
The March to the Danube[419]
Action of the Schellenberg[423]
Pursuit of the defeated Bavarians to Friedberg[427]
[CHAPTER III]
Tallard marches for the Danube[429]
Eugene follows parallel with him[429]
Junction of Marlborough and Eugene[431]
Battle of Blenheim[432]
The close of the Campaign[444]
Effect of the Victory in England[445]
[CHAPTER IV]
A British Army sent to the Peninsula[447]
Siege of Gibraltar[448]
The Fortress relieved by Admiral Leake[450]
Increase of the Army; the Thirty-eighth Foot[450]
Marlborough's design to carry the War into Lorraine[451]
It is foiled by the supineness of the Allies[451]
He returns to Flanders[451]
The Lines of the Geete[451]
The Campaign again ruined by the Dutch[456]
Peterborough in Catalonia[459]
Capture of Barcelona[460]
Catalonia and Valencia gained[463]
[CHAPTER V]
Increase of the Army[464]
Marlborough's Plan for a Campaign in Italy[465]
He reluctantly abandons it for Flanders[465]
The French move from the Dyle to meet him[466]
Battle of Ramillies[466]
The pursuit after the Action[472]
Fruits of the Victory[473]
Ostend and Menin taken[474]
Close of the Campaign[475]
[CHAPTER VI]
The War in the Peninsula[476]
Peterborough in San Mateo[477]
His Capture of Nules[479]
His Relief of Valencia[481]
Galway's Advance from Portugal to Madrid[482]
He is cut off from his base and marches for Valencia[483]
Peninsula Campaign of 1707[484]
Galway defeated at Almanza[485]
Peterborough leaves the Peninsula[488]
[CHAPTER VII]
Marlborough's Campaign of 1707[490]
His only chance ruined by Dutch Deputies[491]
His Difficulties in England[492]
His Campaign of 1708[493]
Ghent and Bruges betrayed to the French[494]
His march to Oudenarde[495]
Battle of Oudenarde[496]
The Siege of Lille[503]
Marlborough shifts his base to Ostend[507]
Action of Wynendale[507]
The Elector of Bavaria invests Brussels[509]
Marlborough's march to relieve it[509]
Fall of Lille; recovery of Ghent and Bruges[510]
Capture of Minorca[511]
[CHAPTER VIII]
Unsuccessful Negotiations for Peace[512]
Campaign of 1709; Villars in command of the French[513]
Siege of Tournay[513]
The march upon Mons[515]
Indecisive Action of the Allies[517]
Battle of Malplaquet[517]
Fall of Mons[526]
[CHAPTER IX]
The Peninsular Campaign of 1709; Siege of Alicante[528]
Death of General Richards[529]
Campaign in Portugal; Action of the Caya[529]
Catalonian Campaign of 1710[530]
Combat of Almenara[531]
Action at Saragossa[531]
Reinforcement of the French; Evacuation of Madrid[532]
The Defence of Brihuega[532]
British forced to Capitulate[534]
Action of Villa Viciosa[534]
Virtual close of the War in the Peninsula[535]
Political Changes in England[536]
Marlborough's Campaign of 1710[537]
Fall of the Government in England[538]
Insults offered to Marlborough[538]
[CHAPTER X]
The ne plus ultra of Villars[540]
Death of the Emperor Joseph[541]
Opening of the Campaign of 1711[541]
Eugene's Army withdrawn[541]
Marlborough's Stratagem for passing the French Lines[542]
Despair in his Army[544]
The French Lines passed[545]
Perversity of the Dutch Deputies[547]
Capture of Bouchain[548]
Marlborough dismissed from all Public Employment[549]
The Command for 1712 given to the Duke of Ormonde[549]
Rage of the British Troops at their withdrawal from the Allied Army[550]
Mutiny[551]
Peace of Utrecht; Virtual Banishment of Marlborough[552]
Honour paid to him in the Low Countries[553]
[CHAPTER XI]
Growth of the British Army during the War[554]
Apparent defects in its Organisation[556]
Opposition of Marlborough to the System of Drafting[557]
The chief Causes of Waste in Men[558]
Unpopularity of Colonial Service[560]
Neglect of Soldiers' Welfare in England[562]
The sources of Recruiting[563]
The Recruiting Acts[564]
Introduction of Short Service[566]
Abuses under the Recruiting Acts[567]
Desertion[569]
Reforms for the Soldiers' Benefit[570]
The Board of General Officers[571]
Good Discipline of Marlborough's Army[572]
Officers[572]
Colonel Chartres[573]
Hardships of Officers; Recruits[574]
Remounts[575]
Dishonesty of Agents[576]
Contributions to Pensions[577]
Infant Officers[577]
Order for Abolition of Purchase[578]
Marlborough's Intervention[578]
General Administration; Effects of the Union with Scotland[580]
Marines made Subject to the Admiralty[581]
Enhanced Powers and Change of Status of the Secretary-at-War[581]
The Office of Ordnance[582]
Armament; Disappearance of the Pike[584]
The British Musket; Marlborough's Fire-discipline[585]
Drill and Discipline of the Infantry[585]
The Cavalry; Shock Action; Defensive Armour[586]
The Artillery[587]
The Duke of Marlborough[587]

MAPS AND PLANS
The Campaign of 1346To face page[36]
The Campaign of 1356"[40]
The Campaign of 1367"[46]
The Campaign of 1415"[62]
Dunbar, 1650"[244]
Dunkirk Dunes, 1658"[272]
Steenkirk, 1692"[366]
Landen, 1693"[376]
Namur, 1695"[378]
Schellenberg, 1704"[426]
Blenheim, 1704"[442]
Gibraltar, 1705"[450]
Lines of the Geete"[454]
Barcelona, 1705"[462]
Ramillies, 1706"[472]
Oudenarde, 1708"[500]
Malplaquet, 1709"[524]
The Campaign of 1711"[548]
The British Islands and Northern France:[ Map 1]End of volume
The Netherlands in the 18th Century[Map 2]"
Spain and Portugal[Map 3]"
Germany, 1600-1763[Map 4]"


[BOOK I]

[CHAPTER I]