Woman; Her Position and Influence in Ancient Greece and Rome, and Among the Early Christians - Sir James Donaldson

Ulysses, his love for Penelope, [17];
promises wives to his slaves, [193];
washed by Nausicaa, [200];
and by Helen, [202]

Valerius, L., proposes abrogation of Lex Oppia, [102]
Valerius Maximus, on women as lawyers, [125];
on bachelors, [139]
Vestal Virgins, allowed to marry, [129];
honours paid to them, [164]
Virgin Mary honoured by the Collyridians, [165]
Virgins, their position in the early Church, [159];
virginity extolled, [178];
Cyprian’s advice to, [186–7]

Welcker, F. G., defends Sappho, [207]
Widows, their position in the Christian Church, [158];
prohibited from teaching, [161];
allowed to teach by some Eastern churches, [162]
Wilamowitz, U. von, condemns Aspasia, [210]
Williamson (Rev. David), his seven wives, [118]
Wine, Athenian wives fond of, [54];
forbidden to Roman wives, [88];
drunk during the Bacchanalia, [96]
Wives, in Homer, tolerant of husbands’ unfaithfulness, [5];
their faithfulness in Sparta, [32];
restrictions on, in Athens, [51];
fond of wine, [54];
Plato on community of wives, [74], [130];
their position in Rome, [84];
in early Rome, [87];
forbidden to taste wine, [88];
severe restrictions on, ib.;
many husbands poisoned, [89];
later cases, [91];
bought by husband, [105];
transferred to husbands’ family, [106];
effect of wealth on, [107], [109], [115];
their interest in politics, [120–124];
Christian view of wifely duties, [176];
wives and concubines in Homer, [193–7];
wives in Plautus, [220];
their extravagance, [221];
its effect on marriage, [222];
faithful to husbands, [223];
model wives, [225–6].
See [Adultery], [Concubines], [Hetaira], and [Marriage].
Woman in Greece:
reverence for her beauty of form, [7];
her history written by and for men, [8];
satirists on, [9];
her culture in modern Greece, [54]
Woman:
In Homer:
her meekness, [11];
her influence, [17];
her freedom, [18];
her open-air life, [20];
causes of her beauty, [22];
mildness of Homeric women, [192];
two kinds of wives, [193–7];
Melantho’s insolence, [198];
Thetis’s advice to Achilles, ib.;
men washed by women, [199–202], [204];
girls wrestling naked, [203–4];
love-making, [205]
In Sparta:
legislation for motherhood, [26];
gymnastic exercises, [27];
marriage obligatory, [28];
physical development, [30];
moral courage, [31];
faithfulness to husband, [32];
land held by women, [34];
heroic women—Agesistrata and Chelonis, [35–8];
Agiatis and Cratesicleia, [38–9];
the wife of Panteus, [40]
Sappho:
her unique position, [42];
her friendship with her pupils, [45];
praised by contemporaries, [47];
ridiculed by Athenian comic writers, [48], [209];
modern critics on, [207];
her portraits, [211]
In Athens:
restrictions on the citizen-woman, [51];
her life as maid and wife, [52–4];
the stranger-woman or hetaira, [57];
her interest in philosophy and politics, [58];
Aspasia’s life and influence, [60–67], [210];
notable “companions,” [71];
Plato on the education of women, [74];
Aristophanes on women, [75]
In Rome:
as full citizen, as alien, and as slave, [79];
female slaves, [80];
effect of the conubium on, [82–3];
position of matrons, [84];
severe restrictions in early Rome, [87];
worship of the Idæan Mother, [94];
of Bacchus, [95–97];
and of other gods, [97];
opposition to sumptuary laws, [99–103];
appeal to the triumvirs, [104];
in power of father or husband, [105];
effect of wealth on, [107];
married several times, [118];
active interest in politics, [120];
elected to magistracies and priesthoods, [124], [237–8];
as lawyers, [125];
and law-makers, [127];
their ideas of morality, [128];
noble Stoic women, [133–5]
Under Christianity:
women in the Gospels, [148];
St. Paul’s sternness towards, [149];
Clement of Alexandria on, [151];
Methodius on, [152];
contrast under paganism and under Christianity, [153–4];
martyrdom of Blandina, [155];
and of Perpetua and Felicitas, [156];
position of widows, [158];
deaconesses and virgins, [159];
widows and deaconesses forbidden to teach, [161];
women and teaching in the Eastern Church, [162];
honours paid to women under paganism, [163];
and by heretical sects, [164–6];
Christianity and women-slaves, [167];
the ascetic view of woman as a temptress, [182];
her duties, [184];
must not wear dyed clothes or use mirrors, [186];
value of woman in the home, [191];
effect of Christianity on, [248]
In Plautus:
women-slaves, [217];
the citizen-wife, [218];
marriageable girls, [219];
effects of dowries, [220]
Philosophers on woman’s education, [239];
the first woman doctor in Greece, [240]
In Egypt:
Cleopatra, [242];
equality of the woman in marriage, [243].
See [Wives].
Wordsworth, Bp. J., on women under Christianity, [248]

Zscharnack, L., on women under Christianity, [248]

FOOTNOTES:

[1] ‘Trach.,’ 438.

[2] Stob., ‘Flor.,’ 85, 19.

[3] De Legg. viii. p. 841 D. (Jowett’s translation).

[4] Pol. iv. (vii.) 16, 18.

[5] δεισιδαιμονῆσαι. Athenæus, xiii. c. 59, p. 590. There are two versions of the story, which are given with all the authorities in Wagner’s edition of ‘Alciphron,’ vol. i. p. 178.