DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF
PROF. JOHN PHILLIPS,
OF OXFORD,
One of the most able, earnest, and genial of
English Geologists;
and of other Eminent Scientific Men, now passed away,
who supported him as
President of the British Association, at its
Meeting in Birmingham, in 1865.
Distribution of Land and Water—Causes of Irregularities of the Surface Crust and Interior—Position of Continents—Past History of the Atlantic—Its Relations to Life—Its Future
Map of the North Atlantic, showing depths from 4,000 fathoms upward (after the Challenger Survey).
[CHAPTER IV.]
THE HISTORY OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC.
I