| GOD. | GODDESS. | |
| Ptah = Capella, April sun (1) | Bast-Isis = | α Ursæ Majoris. |
| Anubis = Northern constellations. | Taurt-Isis = | α Ursæ Majoris. γ Draconis. |
| Min: Khem = May Sun (2). | Menat-Isis | Spica. |
| Autumn Sun | Serk-t-Isis | Antares. |
| Spring Sun | Nit-Isis | Pleiades. |
Southern Gods and Goddesses.
Osiris = Moon-god.
Chnemu = Sun-god, autumnal equinox.
Khonsu = Canopus, autumnal equinox, warner.
West horizon
followed by Serk-t = α Centauri
east horizon.
| Amen-Rā | A combined north and south god, established about 3700B.C. | Teχi-Isis | Phact (1) Sirius (2) | |
| Amen-t-Isis | ||||
| Hathor-Isis |
The establishment of Amen-Rā gives us a fair indication of the changes which must have taken place among the early civilisations when the beginning of the year was altered. There can be no doubt, I think, that Chnemu was the first Sun-god of Southern Egypt; the cryosphinxes at Thebes are alone sufficient to prove it;[166] and if so, then the southern people must have come from a region where the autumnal equinox marked the most important time of the year for their agricultural operations. And this year had eventually to give way, as we know it did, about 3700 B.C., for one beginning at the summer solstice.
In the above list I have indicated Osiris as a Moon-god. Many inscriptions might be quoted similar to the following one:—
"Salute a te, Hesiri, il signore dell' eternità. Quando tu sei in Cielo, tu apparisci come sole, et tu rinnuovi la tua forma comme Luna."[167]
It has also to be borne in mind that the complicated head-dress, including the goat's horns, is represented in connection with Thoth Chnemu and Osiris.[168]
Later he was unquestionably a sun-god, but this would be certain to happen if the southern intruders worshipped the moon in the first line.
Further, if in later times he represented both sun and moon, as he certainly did, it is not probable that he did so from the beginning. All the special symbolism refers to him as a Moon-god; he is certainly a Moon-god in the myth of Isis and Osiris, for he was cut into fourteen pieces, the number of days of the waning moon.