[297] Lun Yü, pp. 295-296 (Legge, 2nd ed.).
[298] China: Her History, Diplomacy and Commerce, p. 310.
[300] Comptes Rendus, Société de Géographie, 1898. No. 8, p. 349. But see M. Paul Vial (Les Lolos: Shanghai, 1898). If M. Vial's theory of the origin of the word Lolo is correct, it was originally by no means a disrespectful term. He considers that it is a Chinese reduplication of a form of the word No or Na, which was the special name of one of the patrician tribes of the Lolos. He admits, however, that the term is now regarded as impolite. He says that the Lolos have now no common name for the whole race, but simply employ the various tribal names as occasion requires. The Chinese characters for Lolo (generally 玀玀) are merely phonetic. The constant use of the "dog" radical in the Chinese characters employed to represent the names of barbarous tribes is an instructive indication of the contemptuous Chinese attitude towards such people. In the word Man the radical is an insect or reptile.
[301] M. Bonin regards them all as of Tibetan origin; but as they separated from the main branch, he says, before the adoption of Buddhism they have preserved on Chinese soil their primitive fetish-worship. "I consider them in consequence," he concludes, "as the avant-garde of the Tibetans."
[302] Les Lolos, p. 4. See also the Gazetteer of Upper Burma, pt. i. vol. i. p. 615, where it is stated that the Man-tzŭ "have undoubtedly been distinct from the Lolo for centuries, but the balance of opinion seems to connect them with that tribe."
[303] See the Gazetteer of Upper Burma, pt. i. vol. i. pp. 272 seq. "The relationship of the T'ai to the Chinese races seems unmistakable.... The research, which has not been long begun, points distinctly to the fact that the Chinese and the T'ai belong to a family of which the Chinese are the most prominent representatives."
[304] 重家子, or 重甲子.
[305] Yule's Marco Polo (Cordier's edition), vol. ii. pp. 122-123. Cordier has, however, another explanation.
[306] Introduction to Colquhoun's Amongst the Shans, liv.