1. Al-Ihram (rendering unlawful), or the wearing pilgrim garb and avoiding certain actions. 2. Al-Wukuf, the standing upon Mount Arafat. 3. The Tawaf al-Ifazah, or circumambulation of impetuosity.[FN#8]
[p.283] 4. The Sai, or course between Mounts Safa and Marwah. 5. Al-Halk; tonsure (of the whole or part) of the head for men; or taksir, cutting the hair (for men or women).[FN#9] 6. Al-Tartib, or the due order of the ceremonies, as above enumerated. But Al-Sai (4), may either precede or follow Al-Wukuf (2), provided that the Tawaf al-Kudum, or the circumambulation of arrival, has previously been performed. And Halk (5) may be done before as well as after the Tawaf al-Ifazah (3).
Now, the Wajibat (requisites of pilgrimage, also called Nusuk) are five in number, viz.:
1. Al-Ihram, or assuming pilgrim garb, from the Mikat, or fixed limit.[FN#10] 2. The Mabit, or nighting at Muzdalifah: for this a short portion, generally in the latter watch, preceding the Yaum al-Nahr, or victim-day, suffices. 3. The spending at Muna the three nights of the Ayyam al-Tashrik, or days of drying flesh: of these, the first is the most important. 4. The Rami al-Jimar, or casting stones at the devil: and 5. The avoiding of all things forbidden to the pilgrim when in a state of Ihram.
Some writers reduce these requisites by omitting the second and third.
The Tawaf al-Widaa, or the circumambulation of farewell, is a Wajib
Mustakill, or particular requisite, which may, however, be omitted
without prejudice to pilgrimage.
Finally, the Sunnat of pilgrimage are many in number. Of these I enumerate but a few. Hajj should precede Umrah. The Talbiyat should be frequently ejaculated. The Tawaf al-Kudum must be performed on arrival at Meccah, before proceeding to Mount Arafat.[FN#11] The two-bow prayer should follow
[p.284] Tawaf. A whole night should be passed at Muzdalifah and Muna.[FN#12] The circumambulation of farewell must not be forgotten,[FN#13] and the pilgrim should avoid all sewn clothes, even slippers.
Section I.Of Ihram.
Before doffing his laical garment, the pilgrim performs a total ablution, shaves, and perfumes himself. He then puts on a Rida and an Izar,[FN#14] both new, clean, and of a white colour: after which he performs a two-bow prayer (the Sunnat of Al-Ihram), with a sotto-voce Niyat, specifying which rite he intends.[FN#15]
When Muhrim (i.e. in Ihram), the Moslem is forbidden (unless in case of sickness, necessity, over-heat, or unendurable cold, when a victim must expiate the transgression),