The Land of Midian (Revisited) — Volume 2

by Sir Richard Francis Burton

April 12, 1878 steamed northwards to Nu'man Island.
13 ,, reached El-Muwaylah (Sharm Yáhárr).
18 ,, left El-Muwaylah, night at sea.
19 ,, in Gulf of Suez.
20 ,, reached Suez.
22 ,, reached Cairo.

Appendix II.

EXPENSES OF THE EXPEDITION TO MIDIAN, commanded by Captain R. F.
Burton, H.B.M. Consul, Trieste.
Cairo, November 1, 1877.
£ s. d.
Sum received from Egyptian Finance 1977 12 0
Amounts Paid out by Order of Captain Burton. £ s. d.
Hotel bills for five persons (thirty-six days) 149 6 9
Advanced to members of Expedition up to date
(May 3rd)[87] 74 12 3
Cost of provisions for journey to Midian,
fourteen persons 314 8 9
Cost of tools, chemicals, instruments,
canteen, etc. 185 19 0
Medicine chest from Dr. Lowe 10 10 0
Journey to Suez from Cairo, December 6th, 1878:—
Hotel bill for eleven persons (three days) 33 3 6
Tobacco for presents to Bedawin 6 8 0
Sundries 13 10 6
Telegrams and post service 3 9 0
__________________
£791 7 9
El-Muwaylah, December 16th, to return, February 13th:—
Journey to north[88] 316 14 3
Post service 14 8 0
Cost of sheep[89] 32 14 0
Sundries[90] 20 7 7
Five foot-soldiers' salaries 7 4 0
Eastern journey to the Hismá[91] 187 6 6
Post service 3 8 0
Cost of sheep[92] 11 19 0
Sundries 5 11 0
Sambúk from Suez, as per contract 9 4 0
Soldiers from fort 3 0 0
Journey to Shárr[93] 44 11 6
Cost of sheep[94] 3 4 0
Thirty pairs of boots for soldiers[95] 6 0 0
Sundries 1 0 0
Journey to south[96] 92 13 0
Cost of sheep[97] 15 16 0
Post service 2 0 0
Sundries[98] 18 3 6
Special payments:—
Sayyid 'Abd el-Rahím Effendi 16 0 0
Bukhayt 1 12 0
Husayn 1 12 0
Shaykh Furayj 4 0 0
Shaykh Furayj salary for twenty-five days 5 0 0
Expenses at Suez, unloading, etc., and hotel bills
for ten persons 39 17 0
Post and telegrams 1 16 0
Suez to Cairo 1 12 6
_________________
£1658 1 7
Expenses at Cairo up to date May 5, 1878:—
Unloading, cartage, and preparing for Exhibition 24 5 5
Salaries of persons engaged from Cairo and Muwaylah:—
Anton Dimitri, Giorgi, and Petro[99] 93 17 6
Magazine-man at El-Muwaylah[100] 6 8 0
Sais from Suez, engaged through governor[101] 9 0 0
Mr. Clarke's salary[102] 180 0 0
_________________
£1971 12 6
In hand for small expenses not yet sent in
for payment 5 19 6
_________________
£1977 12 0
_________________
Sent in May 6, 1878.
(Signed) CHAS. CLARKE.
(Countersigned) RICHARD F. BURTON.
Commanding Expedition.

Appendix III.
PRESERVED PROVISIONS AND OTHER STORES, supplied by Messrs.
Voltéra Bros., of the Ezbekiyyah, Cairo.

£ s. d.
95 okes potatoes, at 5d. 1 19 7
670 okes best rice, at 8 1/2d. 23 14 7
152 okes sugar, at 11 1/2d. per kilog. 8 19 6 1/2
60 okes ground coffee, at 4s. 6d. 13 10 0
120 tins milk, at 14s. 7 0 0
120 bottles pickles 6 0 0
15 tins butter (of 1 lb.), at 2s. 6d. 1 17 6
60 okes oil, at 2s. 6d. 7 10 0
6 heads English cheese (60 1/4 lbs.) at 1s. 5d. 4 10 4 1/2
160 okes dried French beans, at 10d. 6 13 4
60 okes maccaroni and paste 3 0 0
54 okes onions, at 7d. 1 11 6
10 okes garlic, at 10d. 0 8 4
50 packets candles 2 10 0
5 okes cavendish tobacco, at 12s. 3 0 0
6 okes tobacco (Turkish), at 24s. 7 4 0
120 bottles soda-water, at 8d. per dozen 4 0 0
20 bottles syrups, at 2s. 2 0 0
50 bottles vinegar 2 10 0
10 dozen beer, at 11s. 5 10 0
15 bars soap, at 1s. 6d. 1 2 6
20 pots mustard, at 1s. 6d. 1 10 0
6 bottles curry, at 1s. 6d. 0 9 0
20 lbs. table raisins 0 16 0
10 large bottles pepper, at 2s. 1 0 0
_________________
£118 6 3
10 small packets salt, at 1s. 0 10 0
5 large packets salt at 1s. 6d. 0 7 6
6 bottles sauces, at s. 12d. 0 7 0
12 bottles lime-juice, at 2s. 6d. 1 10 0
12 umbrellas, at 4s. 2 8 0
12 bottles blacking, at 1s.
(for tracing inscriptions) 0 12 0
6 lanterns, at 1s. 6d. 0 9 0
12 large tins sardines, at 1s. 6d. 0 18 0
2 corkscrews, at 1s. 3d. 0 2 6
2 opening knives 0 2 0
101 1/4 okes of biscuits, at 1s. 5 1 3
1 case Mumm's champagne 4 5 0
1 case cognac, XX 2 8 0
1 case whisky 1 16 0
1 tin plum-pudding 0 2 6
10 packets matches, at 1s. 2d. 0 11 8
8 barrels flour, at L3 24 0 0
4 okes Curani (Kora'ni) tobacco, at 16s. 3 4 0
30 lbs. tea, at 4s. 6 0 0
24 tins green peas, at 1s. 1 4 0
18 tins haricots verts, at 1s. 0 18 0
18 tins haricots flageolets, at 1s. 0 18 0
18 tins champignons, at 1s. 2d. 1 1 0
18 tins macedoine, at 1s. 0 18 0
8 tins carrots, at 1s. 0 8 0
16 tins asparagus (large), at 3s. 2 8 0
53 1/2 lbs. ham, at 1s. 6d. 4 0 3
100 bottles 'Ráki, at 2s. 10 0 0
100 tins meats, at 1s. 6d. 7 10 0
4 dozen pints beer, at 8s. 1 12 0
7 empty tins for coffee, at 1s. 6d. 0 10 6
17 empty bags 0 14 2
4 okes packing rope, at 2s. 0 8 0
1/4 okes isinglass 0 3 0
2 bottles spices 0 2 0
10 nutmegs 0 1 0
_________________
£205 16 7
£ s. d.
1 packet starch 0 3 0
1 oke twine 0 2 6
2 okes nails, at 10d. 0 1 8
1 box cigarette papers 0 8 0
Kitchen utensils 0 13 6
Empty bags 0 2 0
Packing 2 10 0
_________________
Total £209 17 3
_________________

Additional Supplies.

£ s. d.
50 bottles 'Ráki, at 2s. 5 0 0
95 okes potatoes, at 5d. 1 19 7
16 lbs. tea, at 4s. 3 4 0
50 tins preserved meats, at 1s. 6d. 3 15 0
20 tins green peas, at 1s. 1 0 0
12 tins haricots verts, at 1s. 0 12 0
12 tins champignon, at 1s. 2d. 0 14 0
6 tins first size asparagus, at 4s. 1 4 0
10 tins butter (1 lb.), at 2s. 8d 1 6 8
36 lbs. English cheese, at 1s. 6d. 2 14 0
60 okes maccaroni 3 0 0
126 okes onions, at 7d. 3 13 6
20 packets candles 1 0 0
50 boxes matches, at 1s. 2d. doz. 0 5 0
5 bars soap, at 1s. 6d. 0 7 6
12 bottles sauces, at 1s. 2d. 0 14 0
6 large bottles pepper, at 2s. 0 12 0
10 small packets salt, at 1s. 0 10 0
5 bottles lime-juice, at 2s. 6d. 0 12 6
108 okes hard biscuits, at 1s. 5 8 0
2 1/2 okes snuff 2 10 0
16 lbs. ginger-root, at 1s. 6d. 1 4 0
2 doz. whisky, at 36s. 3 12 0
2 doz. Martel's cognac 4 4 0
6 bottles absinthe, 2s. 6d. 0 15 0
_________________
£49 16 9
5 bottles Oxley's essence of ginger, at 4s. 1 0 0
5 bottles pyretic saline, at 3s. 6d. 0 17 6
3 boxes seidlitz powders, at 2s. 0 6 0
1 bottle aconite 0 2 6
4 iron tea and coffee kettles 1 14 0
2 empty tins for tea 0 3 0
Packing 1 10 0
Carts, 2s.; railway fare, 82s. 4 4 0
_________________
Total £59 13 9

APPENDIX IV.
BOTANY AND LIST OF INSECTS.

SECTION I.

PROFESSOR D. OLIVER'S LIST OF DRIED PLANTS presented by Captain
Burton to the Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew, September, 1878.
Núman North Middle South
Isle. Midian. Midian. Midian.
Anastatica hierochuntina, L.
Kaff maryam ................ - I - -
Morettia parviflora, Boiss.
Eaten by cattle. Thagar;
Gaf'aa ..................... - - I I
Matthiola oxyceras, DC.
forma gracilis. Animals
eat. Hazá; Muhawwil ..... - - I -
Malcolmia aegyptiaca, Spr.
Animals eat. Tarbeh ...... - I - -
Zilla myagroides, F. Silla.
Camels eat. ............... - I - -
Biscutella Columnae, Ten .... - - I -
Diplotaxis Harra? Hárrah.
Eaten by cattle. .......... - - I -
Diplotaxis acris, Boiss.
(Moricandia crassifolia,
Gay) ...................... - I - -
Sisymbrium erysimoides, Desf.
Salih. Eaten by camels
and sheep ................. - I I I
Farsetia Burtonae, Oliv.
sp. nov. Ghurayrá ........ - I I -
Schimpera arabica, H. and
St. ....................... - I - -
Enarthrocarpus lyratus, F.,
vel E. strangulatus,
Boiss ..................... - I - -
Capparis Sodada, Br. (Sodada
decidua, Forsk.). Tanzub.
Red berries eaten. ........ - - - I
Cleome chrysantha, Dcne.
Mashteh. Pounded and
drank for worms, etc. ..... - - - I
Cleome arabica, L. 'Ubaysd.
Eaten by animals. ......... - - - I
Papaver Decaisnei, H. and St. - - I -
Ochradenus baccatus, Del.
Gurzi. A large tree;
eaten by cattle ........... - I - I
Reseda (Caylusea) canescens,
L. Zanabán. Eaten by
cattle .................... - I I -
Reseda, an R. stenostachya(?),
Boiss. Khizám. Eaten by
animals ................... - I - -
Helianthemum Lippii, Pers.
Kazim. Cattle eat. ........ - - I -
Silene villosa, Forsk.
'Abaysá. Too much coated
with sand to serve as
food for animals .......... - I - -
Gypsophila Rokejeka, Del. ... - - I -
Polycarpaea fragilis, Del.
Makr ...................... I - - -
Portulaca oleracea, L. ...... - - - I
Hibiscus micranthus, L. fil.
forma. Khusiyat Ráshid.
Eaten by animals. ......... - - I I
Abutilon fruticosum, G. and
P. (Sida denticulata,
Fres.). ................... - - - I
Abutilon muticum, Don ....... - - - I
Erodium laciniatum, Cav.
Garná. Eaten by cattle ... - I I I
Monsonia nivea, Gay ......... - I - -
Geranium mascatense, Boiss.
Hiláwá. Eaten by man and
beast. .................... - - I -
Erodium cicutarium, L. ...... - I - -
Tribulus terrestris, L.
Katbeh .................... - I I I
Zygophyllum simplex, L. ..... - - I -
Zygophyllum album, L.
Gallúm. Camels eat. ...... I - - -
Zygophyllum coccineum, L.
forma (Z. propinqiuum,
Dcne.). Muráká.
Animals eat. .............. - I - -
Fagonia cretica, L. van
(F. glutinosa, Del.).
Shikáá (North Midian);
Darmeh (Núman) ........... I I - -
Fagonia mollis, Del.
Warágá; and young plant
of same = Zarag. Animals
eat. ...................... - I I -
Fagonia Bruguieri, DC.
Jamdeh. Animals eat. ...... - I - -
Dodonmaea viscosa, L. var.
(D. arabica, H. and
St.). Athab ............... - - I -
Rhus oxyacanthoides, Dum.
'Ar'ar .................... - - I -
Neurada procumbens, L.
Sáadán. Eaten by man and
beast. Mountain region. ... - I - I
Trianthema pentandra, L. .... - - - I
Trianthema(?). (Imperfect
specimen.) Rumayh. Eaten by
sheep and cattle. ......... - - - I
Aizoon canariense, L. Dááá.
Grain pounded and eaten. .. - - - I
Gisekia pharnaceoides, L. ... - I - -
Cucumis prophetarum, L.
Locality mislaid. .........
Cotyledon umbilicus, L.
forma ..................... - - I -
Pimpinella arabica, Boiss.
Rujaylet el-Ghuráb (Little
Crow's-foot). Sheep eat.
Locality astray. ..........
Pimpinella (Tragium
palmetorum? St. and H.).
Very young. ............... - I I -
Ferula (? sp., leaf only).
Kalkh. Animals eat. High up
on SHÁRR. .................
Grammosciadium scandicinum,
Boiss. sp. nov. ............ - - I I
Medicago laciniata, All. ..... - - I -
Taverniera aegyptiaca, Boiss.
(ex descr.). Shibrig. Eaten
by animals. ................ I - - -
Indigofera spinosa, Forsk.
Shibrig. Camels eat. Good
fodder. .................... - - - I
Indigofera paucifolia, D. .... - I - -
Indigofera (stunted specimen,
may be I. paucifolia).
'Afar. Animals eat. ........ - I - -
Tephrosia Apollinea, DC.
Dalsam; Táwil. Animals eat. - I I I
Genista (Retama) monosperma,
Del. ....................... - I - -
Lotononis Leobordea, Bth.
Hurbat. Eaten by cattle. ... - I I -
Trigonella stellata, Forsk.
(T. microcarpa, Fres.) ..... - I I -
Onobrychis(?), possibly
O. Ptolemaica. (Barren
specimen). ................. - I - -
Astragalus sparsus(?), Dcne. . - I - -
Astragalus Sieberi, DC.
Ghákeh. Dry and pounded
root mixed with clarified
butter. Drunk as a
restorative. ............... - I - I
Astragalus Forskahlei, Boiss.
Kidád. Camels eat. ........ - I - -
Cassia obovata, Coll. Senna .. - I I I
Iphiona scabra, DC. Zafrah.
Camels eat. ................ - I - -
Pulicaria undulata, DC.
Rabul. Fine perfume. ....... - I - -
Blumea Bovei, DC.
(B. abyssinica, Sch.) ...... - I - I
Ifloga spicata, Forsk.
Zenaymeh. Animals eat. ..... - - - I
Asteriscus pygmaeus, C. and
Dur. ....................... - - - I
Anvillaea Garcini, DC.
(fide Boissier). Nukud.
Eaten by camels and sheep. . - - I -
Anthemis, an A. deserti(?),
Boiss. Gahwán. Camels
eat: also called Gurrays,
pounded and eaten with
dates. ..................... - I I I
Matricaria (Chamaemelum)
auriculata (Boiss.) ........ - - I -
Senecio Decaisnei, DC.
Umm lewinayn ............... - - I I
Senecio coronopifolius, Desf. - I I -
Calendula aegyptiaca, Desf. . - - I -
Calendula aegyptiaca(?) ..... - I - -
Calendula, an var.
aegyptiacae(?) ............ - - - I
Echinops spinosus, L.
Akhshir. Eaten by camels,
sheep, and asses. ......... - - I I
Zoegea purpurea, Fres.
Rubayyán. Cattle eat. .... - - I -
Centaurea sinaica, DC.
Yemrár. Eaten by sheep,
asses, etc. ............... - I - I
Picridium tingitanum, Desf.
forma. Huwwá; Tiz
el-Kalbeh; El-Haudán.
Eaten by man and animals. . - I I I
Urospermum picroides, Desf. . - I - -
Microrhynchus nudicaulis,
Less. 'Azid ............... I - I I
Pterotheca bifida, F. and M. - I I -
Picris, conf. P. Saha*ae,
C. and K. ................. - - - I
Picris cyanocarpa, Boiss. ... - - I -
Callipeltis cucullaria,
Stev. 'Ikrish. Cattle eat.
North or Central Midian.
Crucianella membranacea,
Boiss. ................... - - I -
Galium capillare, Dcne ..... - - I -
Salvadora persica, L.
El-Arák ................. - I - I
Rhazya stricta, Dcne.
Harjal. Eaten only by
mules. Very fragrant. .... - I - -
Daemia cordata, R. Br. ..... - - I -
Steinheilia radians, Dcne.
Faká .................... - I - -
Convolvulus Hystrix, V.
Shibrim. Root used as a
purgative. Animals eat
upper part of plant. .... - - - I
Cuscuta, conf.
C. brevistyla, A. Br. ... - - I -
Withania somnifera, Dun.
Shajarat el-Dib ......... - I - -
Lycium europaeum, L.
'Aushaz. Eaten by
animals. ................ - - I I
Solanum coagulans(?),
Forsk. var. (A small
fragment only). ......... - - I -
Hyoscyamus pusillus,
L. Saykrán ............. - I I -
Heliotropium arbainense,
Fres. Rahháb. Cattle
eat. .................... - I I -
Trichodesma africanum,
R. Br. Ahmim. Camels and
other animals eat. ...... - - I -
Echium longifolium(?), Del.
Kahlá. Animals eat. .... - - I -
Anchusa Milleri, W. ....... - - I -
Anchusa Milleri(?) young
specimens. .............. - - I -
Anchusa Milleri(?) young
specimens. .............. - I - -
Gastrocotyle (Anchusa
hispida, Forsk.). Karir.
Camels eat. ............. - - - I
Arnebia hispidissima,
A. DC. Fayná. Animals
eat. .................... - I I -
Lithospermum callosum, V. . - I - -
Lindenbergia sinaica,
Bth. Mallih. Cattle eat. - - - I
Verbascum (in bud), an
V. sinaiticum(?), Bth. . - - - I
Verbascum, sp. nov. Sammá - - I -
Herpestis Monniera,
Kth. Nafal. Animals eat. - I - -
Veronica Anagallis, L. ... - - - I
Linaria aegyptiaca, Dum. . - I - -
Linaria macilenta, Dcne.
Zuraymat el-Himar.
Eaten by animals. ...... - - I -
Linaria (*§ Elatinoides),
sp. imperfect. ......... - - I -
Linaria simplex(?), DC. .. - I I -
Linaria Haelava Chav.
(fide Boissier) ........ - I - -
Blepharis edulis, Pers.
(Acanthodium spicatum,
Del.). Shauk el-Jemel.
Camels fond of it. ..... - I - I
Lavandula coronopifolia,
Poir. Zayteh. All
animals eat. ........... - I I -
Mentha lavandulacea, W.
Habag. Animals do not
eat. Pounded and mixed
with fresh dates, "good
for stomach". .......... - I - -
Salvia aegyptiaca, L. .... - I - -
Salvia deserti, Dcne. .... - - I -
Salvia, an S. deserti(?).
Jáadeh. Pounded in
water and snuffed up
nose. .................. - - I -
Otostegia, var. O.
scariosae(?), Bth. (vel
O. repanda, Bth.)
Ghasseh. Sheep eat. .... - - I I
Statice axillaris, Forsk.
Annúm. Camels eat. .... - I - I
Plantago Psyllium, L.
Nez'i'ah. Animals eat. . - I I -
Plantago amplexicaulis,
Cav. Yanameh. Animals
eat. ................... - - I -
Aerwa javanica, Jass.
Rayl. Cattle eat. ...... - I - I
Chenopodium murale, L.? .. - I - -
Chenopodium murale, L.?
(Small seedlings.)
Nafal. Cattle eat. ..... - - - I
Atriplex dimorphostegia?
K. and K. Roghol.
Animals eat. ........... - I - -
Echinopsilon lanatum, Moq.
Garay'á. ............... - I - I
Suaeda sp.(?). (Small
fragment.) .............. - I - -
Suaeda sp.(?). (Barren
fragments, insect
punctured?) 'Aslá.
Forage plant. ........... I - I -
Suaeda monoica? Forsk.
Zuraygá. Forage plant. . I - - -
Salsola(?), cf. S.
longifolia, F. Hamz.
Camels eat. ............. I - - -
Caroxylon(?) (barren
specimen), near C.,
foetidum. Akahrit.
Animals eat. ............ I - - -
Rumex vesicarius, L.
(R. roseus, Del.).
Hammáz. Animals eat. ... - - I -
Emex spinosus, Camp. ...... - I - -
Crozophora tinctoria, Juss.
Hinaydieh. Not eaten. ... - - - I
Euphorbia cornuta, Pers.
'Atir ................... - I - -
Euphorbia scordifolia,
Jacq. Gharghir. Animals
eat. .................... - I - -
Euphorbia (Anisophyllum)
granulata, Schf.
Rugaygeh. Animals eat. .. - - - I
Euphorbia (Anisophyllum)
granulata, forma(?).
Lubayneh. Cattle eat. ... - - - I
Juniperus phoenicea, L.
At four thousand feet on
Sharr. Trunk thicker
than a man's body.
Halibeh. ................ - - I -
Parietaria alsinifolia,
Del. .................... - - I -
Forskahlea tenacissima, L.
Lissák. Animals eat. ... - - I -
Asphodelus fistulosus, L.
(var. tenuifolius,
Bker.). Bo'rak. Only
eaten by animals when
very hungry. Asses eat. . - I I -
Bellevalia flexuosa, Boiss. - I - -
Dipcadi erythraeum, Webb .. - I - -
Gagea reticulata, R. and S. - I - -
Juncus maritimus, L. ...... - - - I
Scirpus Holoschoenus, L.
Namas. Sent to Egypt for
mats. ................... - - - I
Cyperus conglomeratus,
Rottb. (Young specimens) - I - -
Chloris villosa, Pers. .... - - I -
AEluropus repens .......... - I - -
Tricholaena micrantha,
Schrad. Ghazuiar. Eaten
by camels, etc. ......... - - I I
Panicum turgidum, Forsk.
Zarram. Good fodder. .... - I - I
Arundo Donax, L. Kasbá ... - I - -
Polypogon monspeliensis,
Desf. Kháfúr. Sheep
eat. .................... - - - I
Stipa tortilis, Desf.
Pehmeh. Animals eat. .... - I I I
Aristida caerulescens,
Desf. Shárib el-Kale.
Animals eat. ............ - I I -
Hordeum maritimum, L. ..... - I - -
Pappophorum, an P.
phleoides(?), R. and S.
Nejil. Sheep eat. ....... - - - I
Barren specimen.
Indeterminable. Grass ... - I - -
Grass(?). Root and leaves.
Hashmil. Animals eat. ... I - - -
Typha(?). Root and
fragments of leaves.
Birdi ................... - - - I
Grass. Fragmentary. Záeh.
Cattle eat. ............. - - - I
Chara foetida, Braun.
'Ishnik ................. - I - -
A barren fragment of
undershrub, with opposite
fleshy leaves with
recurved margins. Ajid.
Eaten by animals.
Doubtful. ............... I - - -
D. OLIVER.