Страница - 61Страница - 63INDEX
- Abbas the Great, Shah, [494]
- Abbot, General Sir James, cited, [107]-[109], [119]
- Abdurrahmon, Amir, [357], [377], [419]
- Ab-i-lal river, [486]
- Abistada, Lake, [514]
- Abkhana route, [351]
- Abu Abdulla Mohammed (Al Idrisi). See [Idrisi]
- Accadian tradition cited, [34], [73]
- Achakzai (Duranis), [212], [361], [375], [491]
- Adraskand, [229] and n.;
river, [216]
- Aegospotami, xiii, [160], [163]
- Afghan, Armenian identification of word, [50]
- Afghan Boundary Commission. See [Russo-Afghan]
- Afghan Turkistan:
- Agricultural possibilities of, [251]
- Ferrier in, [481]
- Greek settlements in, [31]
- Kabul, route to:
- Richness of, known to Tiglath Pilesur, [49]
- Route to, by southern passes of Hindu Kush, [378]
- Routes to, from Herat, [248]
- Slavery in, [253]
- Snakes in, [253]
- Valley formations in, [253]-[4]
- Afghanistan:
- Arab exploration of, [192]
- Assyrian colonies in highlands of, [61]
- Barbarity in, [78]-[9]
- Boundary Commission. See [Russo-Afghan]
- British attitude towards, in early 19th century, [349];
Afghan attitude towards British, [337]-[8]
- British war with (1839-40):
- British war with (1878-80), surveys in connection with, [397], [500]
- Christie's and Pottinger's exploration of, [329] et seq.
- Durani corner of, character of, [212]
- Ethnography of Afghanistan (Bellew) cited, [20], [91]
- Foreign policy of, [353]
- Greek names in, [21]
- Helmund boundary of, [80]
- Hinterland of India, viewed as, [5]
- Indian land gates always held by, [22]
- Language of, Persian in origin, [21]
- Natural beauty of, [392]
- Persia:
- Colonies of, in, [61]
- Intrigues of, British nervousness as to, [399]-[400]
- War with (1837), [402]
- Persian Empire including, in antiquity, [21]
- Rain-storms in, [233]-[4]
- Russian intrigues regarding, British nervousness as to, [399]-[400]
- Russo-Afghan Boundary Commission. See [that title]
- Rulers of (Ben-i-Israel), traditions of, [49]-[50]
- Social conditions in, past and present, [337]-[8], [395]
- Surveying of, gaps in, [501];
important unexplored regions, [514]
- Afghanistan, Central:
- Aimak tribes of, [488]-[9]
- Broadfoot's exploration of, [412], [470] et seq.
- Conformation of, [215]
- Hazara highlands, [84]-[6]
- Records of, scanty, [213]-[14]
- Routes through, [220], [222]-[3]
- Survey of (1882-3), [212], [214]
- Afghanistan, North (Baktria):
- Alexander in, [88]
- Altitudes of peaks and passes in, [262]-[3]
- Assyrian estimate of, [6]
- Irrigation works in, [75]-[6]
- Kafir inhabitants of, [50]
- Kyreneans in, [91]
- Milesian Greeks (Brankhidai) transported to, [16], [19], [20], [31], [45], [87], [91];
survival of Greek strain in, [354]-[5], [358]
- Murghab river's economic value in, [246]-[7]
- Plateau of, [258]
- Route to, from Mesopotamia, [47]-[48], [54], [67]-[8], [70]
- Winter climate of, [240]
- Afghanistan, South:
- Christie's and Pottinger's exploration of, [329] et seq.
- Firearms imported into, [55]
- Historic monuments scarce in, [211]
- Afghans:
- Burnes' estimate of, [491]
- Durani. See [that title]
- European travellers' intercourse with (unofficial), [452], [457]-[8]
- Foreigners, attitude towards, [337]-[8], [353], [392]
- Masson's intimacy with, [346]-[7], [350], [352], [362]-[3];
his influence with, [380]
- Slavery, attitude towards, [421]
- Afridi (Aprytae), [28], [31]
- Aimak tribes of Central Afghanistan, [488]-[9]
- Ak Robat, [446]
- Ak Robat pass, [378], [382], [421];
Wood's account of, [417]
- Ak Tepe (Khuzan), [245]-[6]
- Ak Zarat pass, [262]
- Akbar Khan (Afghan general), [398]
- Akcha (Akbarabad), [449]
- Akulphis, [125]
- Al Kharij, [313]
- Alakah ridge, [257]
- Alauddin (Allah-u-din), [218], [467]
- Alexander the Great:
- Alexandreia (? Herat) founded by, [77]
- Bakhi obliterated by, [31]-[2]
- Brankhidai of Milesia exterminated by, [20]
- Expedition of, to India:
- Aornos episode, [106]-[107], [109]-[21]
- Army, constituents of, [64]-[5]
- Course and incidents of, [66]-[8], [70], [76]-[9], [83], [86]-[8], [90], [92]-[4], [96], [98]-[100], [103]-[107], [111]-[22], [125]
- Darius' flight from, [47]-[8], [67]-[8]
- Geographical information possessed by, [10], [26], [29], [38], [61], [79], [86], [147]
- Greek influence of, in Indus valley less than supposed, [22]
- Greeks in Afghanistan welcoming, [16], [63]
- Knowledge acquired by, [60]
- Mutiny beyond Indus, [46]
- Nature of, [60], [65]
- Recruitment from Greece during, [92]
- Retreat, route of, [38], [51], [86], [145]-[54], [156], [161]-[6], [291]
- Skythic tribes encountered by, [93]
- Marriage of Alexander with Roxana, [92]
- Philotas tortured to death by, [78]
- Reverential attitude towards, still felt in India, [58]-[9]
- Alexandreia (Bagram, Herat), [77], [87], [93], [96], [393]
- Ali Khan, [497]
- Ali Masjid, [351]
- Aliabad, [421], [505]
- Alingar (Kao) river, [96], [99]-[100], [327], [358], [507], [509]
- Alishang river, [99], [356]-[8], [507]
- Alishang valley, Masson in, [396]
- Allard, General, [366], [455]
- Almar, [249]
- Altitude:
- Abstract, mediæval ignorance of, [279]
- As a factor in defence, [419]
- Amb (Embolina), [107]-[108], [114]-[15], [121]
- Ambela pass, [121]
- Amise, General, [366]
- Amritsar, [363], [367]
- Anardara, [335], [336]
- Anbar, [250]-[51]
- Andarab (Adraspa, Ariaspa, Zariaspa):
- Alingar river, communication with, [327]
- Capital of Greek colonies situated in, [511]
- Fertility of, [90]
- Greek settlements about, [435]
- Haibak route to, [524]
- Site of, [272], [427]-[8]
- Strategic importance of, [92], [275], [277], [357]
- Timur at, [355]
- otherwise mentioned, [243], [272]-[4], [276]
- Andarab river, [268], [272], [428];
strategic importance of, [261]
- Andarab valley, [88], [90], [438], [509]
- Andkhui, [248], [439], [448]
- Anjuman, [270]
- Anjuman valley, [274], [436], [507], [509];
importance of route, [275];
unexplored, [427]-[8]
- Aornos, [92], [106]-[107], [109]-[21]
- Aprytae (Afridi), [28], [31]
- Arabian Sea:
- Command of, necessary for safety of southern Baluchistan passes, [140]-[41]
- Islands in, disappearance of, [286], [288]
- Phenomena of, [286]-[7]
- Arabic, derivatives from, [192]
- Arabii, [146], [305]
- Arabius river. See [Purali]
- Arabs:
- Ascendency of, in seventh century, [191]-[2]
- Himyaritic, [372]
- Indian invasion by, [293]-[4]
- Indian route used by, via Girishk, [209]
- Makran under ascendency of, [292]-[5]
- Methods of, mediæval and modern, [227]
- Records of travel by, untrustworthiness of, [213]
- Sabœan, [372]
- Sind under, [293], [311], [366]
- Arbela, Arbil. See [Erbil]
- Arbela, battle of, [47], [67]
- Archa pass, [421], [505]
- Ardewan pass, [234]
- Argandi, [379]
- Arghandab river, [83], [86], [208], [224], [515]
- Arghastan river, [224]
- Argu plain, [424]
- Aria, [32], [479]. See also [Herat]
- Ariaspa. See [Andarab]
- Arigaion, [103]
- Arimaspians, [14]
- Aristobulus cited, [151]-[2]
- Armail (Armabel, Karabel, Las Bela), [150], [304]-[307], [320];
distances to, [303]-[304]
- Armenia, Israelites deported to, [39], [49]
- Arnawai valley, [358]
- Arrian cited, [19]-[20], [51], [54], [62]-[3], [87], [89], [91], [103], [104], [107], [114], [118], [119], [124], [126], [147], [148], [150], [152]-[3], [155], [156], [160], [165]-[6], [316]
- Artakoana, [32], [77], [479]. See also [Herat]
- Artobaizanes, [68]
- Asfaka, [312], [314]
- Asfaran (? Subzawar), [229]-[30]
- Asmar Boundary Commission (1894), [123]
- Asoka, [129]
- Aspardeh, [250]
- Aspasians, [96], [100], [103], [104]
- Aspurkan (? Sar-i-pul), [250], [252]
- Assagetes, [114]
- Assakenians, [96], [104]
- Assakenoi, [121], [126], [129]
- Asshur (Assyrian god), [53]
- Assur-bani-pal (Sardanapalus), [52], [162]-[3]
- Assyria:
- Afghan colonies of, [61]
- Buildings in, nature of, [40]-[43]
- Israelite serfs in, [39]
- Assyrian Empire, Second:
- Afghanistan as viewed by, [6]
- Art of, [7], [52]-[4]
- Babylonian overthrow of, [52]
- Golden age of, [51]-[3]
- Influence of, in India, [70]
- Israelites deported by, [16], [39], [44], [49], [61]
- Naval fight of, first, [52]
- Satrapies, institution of, [44]
- Astarab stream and route to Bamian, [252]-[4];
valley, [266]
- Astarabad, [225]
- Astola I. (Haftala), [160]
- Attok, Carpatyra probably near, [29]
- Auca (Obeh), [225]
- Auckland, Lord, [405], [409]
- Avitabile, [367]
- Azdha of Bamian, [380]
- Azdha of Besud, [380]
- Babar (Baba) pass, [234], [236], [481]
- Baber, Emperor, cited, [133], [358];
estimate of, [326]-[7]
- Babylon:
- Antiquities of, [73]
- Assyria overthrown by, [52]
- Barrenness of country round, [41]
- Badakshan:
- Alexander in, [93]
- Antiquarian treasures in, [511]
- Balkh-Pamirs route across, [177]-[8]
- British knowledge of, only recent, [345]
- Climate of, [422]
- Dorah route from, to Kunar valley, [520]
- Exploration of, by Indian surveyors, [268]-[9]
- Geographical knowledge of uplands of, defective, [501], [503], [510]
- Greek settlements and remains in, [20], [31], [423]
- Kabul, modern all-the-year-round route to, [275]-[6], [419] n., [522] n.
- Kafirs anciently in, [132]
- Lord's and Wood's mission to, [402]
- Moorcroft's journey to, [444]
- Railway across uplands to, impracticability of, [523]
- Routes to, compared, [414]
- Wood's views on, [436]-[7]
- Badakshan (town) (? Jirm), [273]-[5]
- Badakshani transported by Murad Beg, [432], [505]
- Badghis, [235], [236], [237]
- Bado river, [338]-[9]
- Baghdad:
- Masson at, [368]
- Railway from, via Hamadan and Kum, question as to, [322]
- Baghlan, [90], [261], [421], [505], [511];
Greek settlements about, [435]
- Baghlan river, [434];
valley, [437]
- Baghnein, [206]-[208]
- Bagisara (? Damizar), [158]
- Bagnarghar, [282]-[3]
- Bagram (Alexandreia), [77], [87], [93], [96], [393]
- Bahawalpur, [349], [364]
- Bahrein Is., [56]
- Bahu Kalat (Fahalfahra), [312]-[14]
- Bahu valley, [165]
- Baio peak, [120]-[21]
- Bajaor, [103]
- Bajaur, [128]
- Bajgah, [261], [384]
- Bajgah (Parwan, Sar Alang) pass, [414]
- Bajitan (Najitan), [225]
- Bakhi, [31]-[32]
- Bakhtyari, [32]
- Bakkak pass, [256], [262]
- Baktra. See [Balkh]
- Baktria. See [Badakshan]
- Bakwa plain, [493]
- Bala Murghab, [237], [240], [247], [481]
- Balangur (Bala Angur), [251]
- Balkh:
- Antiquity of, [7], [71], [73]
- Approach to, by Akcha road, [72], [73]
- Buddhism at, [263], [502]-[503]
- Coins and relics at, [459]
- Ferrier's account of, [482]
- Importance of, in antiquity, [88]
- Khotan, distance from, [177]
- Modern, [71]-[4]
- Moorcroft at, [446], [449]
- Persian satrapy including, [31]
- Routes to, from:
- Bamian, [267]-[8]
- Bokhara, [278]
- Herat, [239]-[40], [247]-[8]
- Kabul, [272]-[3]
- Khotan, [277], [278]-[9]
- Merv, [249]-[50]
- Punjab, [177]
- Southward, [257]
- Balkh Ab river, [215]
- Balkh Ab valley, [252], [255], [257];
route to Kabul, [259]-[60]
- Balkh plains:
- Balkh (Band-i-Amir) river:
- Baluch Confederation:
- Kaiani Maliks at head of, [37]
- Lawlessness of, [334]
- Baluchistan:
- Arab exploration of, [192]
- Desert of, [82]
- Exploration of, modern, [194];
by Christie and Pottinger, [329] et seq.
- Firearms imported into, [55]
- Frontier of, the Gomul, [137]
- Hinterland of India, viewed as, [5]
- Hot winds of, [341]
- Language of, Persian in origin, [21]
- Lasonoi emigration to, [30]
- Makran. See [that title]
- Mediæval geography regarding, [200]
- Mongol invasion of India through, [526]
- Natural features and conditions of, [32]-[3], [47], [373]
- Persian Empire including, [21]
- Political intrigue in, [409]
- Southern passes from, into India commanded from the sea, [140]-[41]
- Surveying of, [501]
- Baluchistan, East:
- Inhabitants of, character of, [373]-[4]
- Masson's travels in, [369]
- Baluchistan, South:
- Baluchs, Masson's intimacy with, [374]
- Bam, [323]
- Bamain, [213]-[14]
- Bam-i-dunya. See [Pamirs]
- Bamian:
- Buddhist relics at, [177], [263], [265]-[6], [381], [446]
- Founding of kingdom of, [218]
- Importance of, in Middle Ages, [205], [261]-[2], [267]
- Masson in, [378]-[86]
- Route through, importance of, [438]
- Routes to, from:
- Bamian (Unai) pass, [87], [221]
- Bamian river, [260], [388]
- Bamian valley:
- Bampur:
- Bampusht Koh mountains, [313]
- Band (Binth), [311]-[12], [314]
- Band-i-Amir mountains, [257]
- Band-i-Amir river. See [Balkh river]
- Band-i-Baian (Siah Koh, Sufed Koh) mountains, [84], [215], [486], [487]
- Band-i-Nadir, [245]
- Band-i-Turkistan, [239], [249], [250], [484]
- Banj mountain, [184], [185]
- Banjohir (Panjshir), [276]-[7]
- Bannu, [512]
- Baraki, [91]
- Barbarra (? Mabara), [434]
- Barna, Badara (Gwadur), [159]
- Barnes, Sir Hugh, [374] and n.
- Baroghel pass, [517], [521]
- Barohi, meaning of term, [34], [163]. See also [Brahuis]
- Bashgol valley, [426]
- Bashkird mountains, [200]
- Basrah, [368]
- Bassarika cited, [62]
- Bast, [236]
- Bazar (ancient) (Rustam, Bazira, Bazireh), [106], [113], [114]
- Bazar (modern) (? Ora), [106]
- Bean, Captain, [406]-[407]
- Begram, site of ancient city at, [393];
Cufic coins at, [394]
- Behistan inscriptions cited, [30]
- Behvana (Jirena), [245]
- Bela (in Baluchistan), [331]
- Bela. See [Las Bela]
- Belchirag, [251], [255], [484]
- Bellew cited, [32], [35], [163]-[4];
his Ethnography of Afghanistan cited, [20], [91];
his Inquiry cited, [21]
- Belous (Bolous), [200]
- Ben-i-Israel, traditions of, [49]-[50], [378]
- Benjawai, [207], [208], [210]
- Bentinck, Lord Wm., [344]
- Berwan lake, [282]
- Bessos (later Artaxerxes), [47], [68], [76], [88], [90]
- Besud route to the Helmund, [262]
- Besud territory, [378], [380]-[81]
- Bih (Geh), [311]-[12], [314]
- Binadur, [493]
- Binth (Band), [311]-[12], [314]
- Birdwood, Sir Geo., cited, [53]
- Birmal hills, [513]
- Birs Nimrud, [41], [43], [71]
- Bist (Kala Bist), [204], [207], [208]
- Bitchilik pass, [387]
- Blood, Sir Bindon, cited, [120]
- Bodh, [372]
- Bokhara (Sogdiæ):
- Alexander's success in, [92]
- Balkh under chief of, [459]
- Kabul and Bamian, main route from, [389]
- Khulm and Balkh route from, [278]
- Modern popularity of, [395]
- Moorcroft's journey to, [444]
- Bolan (Mashkaf) pass, [139], [362]
- Bolar, kingdom of, [327]
- Boledi, [36]-[7]
- Bolor, Kafiristan part of, [269]
- Bolous (Belous), [200]
- Bombay N.I., geographical record of, [454]
- Boodhi, [483]-[4]
- Botm, [282] and n.
- Bouchinj (Zindajan), [479]
- Bousik (Boushinj, Pousheng), [231], [234], [237]
- Brahmi script cited, [171]
- Brahuis (Barohis):
- Baluchistan, in, [331]
- Masson's estimate of, [374]
- Mingals, [142], [306]
- Revolt of, at Kalat, [406]
- Sakæ, [163]-[4]
- Stock of, [34]
- Traditions of, [142]
- Brankhidai of Milesia, [20], [91]
- Brick buildings of antiquity, [42]-[3]
- Broadfoot, Lieut. J. S., [513];
travels of, in Central Afghanistan, [412], [470] et seq.;
estimate of, [471]
- Bubulak, [387]
- Buddhism:
- Balkh, at, in antiquity, [72], [263], [502]-[503]
- Bamian, relics in, [263]-[6], [381], [446]
- Building age of, a later development, [170]
- Haibak, at, [264]-[5], [511]
- Jalalabad, relics at, [352]
- Kashmir, in, [179]-[80]
- Nava Sanghârâma, [178]
- Ritual of, [174]-[6], [181]-[2]
- Sind, ruins in, [372]
- Swat, in, [129]
- Takla Makan, in the, [283]
- Buddhist Records of the Western World, quoted, [175]-[6]
- Buddhiya kingdom, [305]-[306]
- Budu river, [341]
- Bunbury cited, [31]
- Buner river, [108], [120]-[21]
- Buner valley, Blood's expedition to, [120]
- Bushire, [348]
- Burhan, Lake, [283]
- Burnes, Sir Alexander, Indus navigation by, [368], [454];
at court of Ranjit Singh, [455]-[7];
mission of, to Kabul (1832), [344], [376];
to Kunduz, [378];
Travels in Bokhara quoted, [455], [491];
date of publication, [344], [351];
commercial mission of, to Kabul (1837), [398]-[401], [404]-[405];
work of, [440]-[41];
estimate of, [453], [461]
- Burzil pass, [182]
- Candace, [479]
- Canouj, [273]
- Cariat (Kariut), [210]
- Carpatyra, [28]-[9]
- Cavalry on frontier expeditions, [117]
- Celadon ware, [82]-[3], [197], [300]
- Chach of Sind, [303], [306]
- Chachnama of Sind cited, [305]
- Chagai, [335]
- Chagan Sarai, [130]
- Chahar Aimak, [212], [214], [481]
- Chaharburjak, [81]
- Chahardar (Chapdara) pass, [261], [415], [419], [522]
- Height of, [357]
- Military road over, [277]
- Chaharshamba river and route to Balkh from Herat, [242], [248]
- Chahil Abdal (Chalapdalan) mountain, [223], [486], [488]
- Chahilburj, [257], [267]
- Chahiltan heights, [370]-[71]
- Chakesar ford, [121]
- Chakhansur, [497]
- Chalapdalan (Chahil Abdal) mountain, [223], [486], [488]
- Chandragupta (Sandrakottos), [129]
- Chapdara pass. See [Chahardar]
- Charbar, [299]
- Chardeh plain, [379]
- Charikar:
- Military road from, over Chapdara pass, [277]
- Strategical position of, [357]
- Charsadda, [114]
- Chashma Sabz pass, [234], [235]
- Chenghiz Khan, [72], [85], [142], [193], [194], [218], [267], [376], [526]
- Cherchen, [174]
- China, Buddhist pilgrimage routes from, [169] et seq., [502], [518]
- Chinese Turkistan:
- Buddhist occupation of, [280]
- Conditions of life in, in antiquity, [171], [172]
- Tibet, included in, [283]
- Chiras, [252]
- Chitral, passes converging on, [426]-[7], [519]
- Chitral river. See [Kunar river]
- Chitral valley:
- Choaspes. See [Kunar]
- Chol country, [236], [238], [246], [247], [258]
- Christians:
- Christie, Captain, [329] et seq.
- Chumla river, [108];
valley, [121]
- Climate as affecting race distribution, [8], [46]
- Conolly, Lieut., [390]
- Cophæus, [114]
- Court, M., [455], [457]
- Crockery debris, [82], [197]
- Cufic coins, [394]
- Cunningham, General, cited, [106], [148]
- Curtius, Quintus, cited, [107], [122], [148]-[9], [221], [459]
- Cyrus, King of Persia, [79], [147]
- Dadar, [362]
- Dahuk (? Dashtak), [304]
- Dames, Longworth, cited, [201]
- Damizar (? Bagisara), [158]
- Dand, [472]
- Dandan Shikan pass, [260], [384], [421];
Wood's account of, [418]
- Daolatabad, [249]
- Daolatyar, [221], [223]-[4], [256], [486]
- Daraim valley, [424]
- Darak (Dizak), [311]-[14]
- Darak Yamuna (Yakmina), [317]
- Dards, [31]
- Darel (To-li), [179], [182]-[3]
- Darel stream, [183]-[4]
- Darius, flight of, from Alexander, [47], [67];
death of, [70]
- Darius Hystaspes, transportation of Greeks by, [16], [19], [20], [31], [45], [87], [91]
- Darra Yusuf river, [257], [200]
- Darwaz mountains, [432]-[3]
- Darya-i-Zarah (Gaod-i-Zireh), [204]
- Dasht river, [165]
- Dasht-i-bedoulat plain, [362], [370]
- Dasht-i-Lut, [323]
- Dasht-i-Margo desert, [81], [495]
- Dawar (Zamindawar), [83], [205]-[206], [223], [491]
- Deane, Major Sir H., cited, [129]
- Debal, [293], [301], [303], [307], [308], [310]
- Deh Dadi, [257]
- Dehao (? Dehi), [483]
- Dehertan (? Dahertan), [236], [237]
- Dehgans, [269]
- Dehi (? Dehao), [483]
- Delight of those who seek to wander through the Regions of the World, The (Idrisi), cited, [199] et seq.
- Dendalkan, [245], [246]
- Dera Ismail Khan, [463]
- Derah, [245]
- Derak (Dizek), [244]
- Dereh Mustapha Khan (Deria-dereh), [487]
- Derenbrosa, I., [159]
- Derthel, [206]-[208], [210]
- Deserts as barriers, [7]-[9]
- Dev Hissar fortress, [484]-[5]
- Dev Kala, [89], [92]
- Dihsai (Dshara), [465]-[6]
- Diodoros cited, [107]
- Dionysiaka cited, [62]
- Dir valley, [129]
- Dizak (Darak), [311]-[14]
- Dizek (Derak), [244]
- Djil, [273]
- Doctors as travellers, [463]
- Domai (Manora), I., [154]
- Domandi, [464], [513]
- Dorah pass, [508]-[509];
nature and importance of, [426]-[7], [519]-[21]
- Dorak (? Dizek), [245]
- Dosh, [261]
- Doshak. See [Jalalabad]
- Doshak range, [233]
- Dost Mahomed Khan, [344], [353], [359], [390], [403], [444], [462], [490];
operations by, against Sikhs, [397]-[8];
methods and estimate of, [360]
- Drangia. See [Seistan]
- Dravidian Brahuis, [306]
- Dravidian races entering India, [142]-[4]
- Dshara (Dihsai), [465]-[6]
- Dufferin lake, [520]
- Durand, [471]
- Durani Afghans:
- Duvanah valley, [424]
- Dwa Gomul river, [475]
- Eastward migrations, [6], [7], [9], [45], [49]
- Ecbatana:
- Egypt, buildings in, [40]
- Elam, [163]
- Elburz mountains:
- Elliott, Sir H., cited, [302], [304], [305];
quoted, [313]
- Embolina (Amb), [107]-[108], [114]-[15], [121]
- Erbil (Arbil):
- Battle of Arbela at, [47]
- Route from, to Hamadan, [48]
- Ersari Turkmans, [251], [459]-[60]
- Esar Haddon, King of Assyria, [52]
- Ethiopians, Asiatic, problem regarding, [34]-[6], [163]
- Euxine (Black Sea):
- Milesian colonies S. and W. of, [18]
- Skythic nomads N. of, [14], [19]
- Explorations of Indian trans-frontier, recentness of, [1], [17], [32], [60], [345]
- Fa Hian, [170], [172], [178], [180], [181], [184]-[5];
quoted, [174]-[6], [179], [183]
- Fahalfahra (Bahu Kalat), [312]-[14]
- Fahraj (Pahrag, Pahra, Pahura), [315], [317];
two places so named, [316]
- Faizabad:
- Farah (Prophthasia):
- Farah Rud river, [204], [216], [221], [336], [488], [494]
- Farajghan, [356]
- Fardan (? Bampur or Pahra), [315]-[17]
- Farsi, [223]
- Fazilpur, [365]
- Fazl Hag, [458]
- Ferengal, lead mines at, [416]
- Ferghana, [282]
- Ferrier, M., career of, [477];
at Herat, [477]-[8];
journey across Firozkohi plateau, [476], [478], [484];
route to Ghur, [485]-[7];
imprisonments of, [491]-[3];
at Farah, [493]-[4];
in Seistan, [496]-[7];
back to Herat, [498];
methods of, [346];
estimate of, [476], [480], [498];
cited, [214], [231], [335], [516];
Caravan Journeys cited, [497]
- Ferrying by ponies, [89]-[90], [449], [460]-[61]
- Feruk (Feruckabad), [449]
- Firabuz (Kanazbun), [302]-[303];
distances from, [304], [313], [317]
- Firozand, [207]
- Firozkohi (mediæval capital of Ghur), [219]
- Firozkohi plateau:
- Firozkohis:
- Foosheng, [231]
- Forbes, Dr., murder of, [497]
- Forrest's Selections from Travels and Journals preserved in the Bombay Secretariat quoted, [348], and n.
- Gadrosia. See [Makran]
- Gadrosii, [146], [151]
- Gaduns, [111]
- Gadurs, [35]
- Galjin, [497]
- Gandhara (Upper Punjab), [99], [179], [185]
- Gandava (Sind), [305]
- Gaod-i-Zireh (Darya-i-Zarah), [204]
- Gardandiwal, [260], [379], [388]
- Gauraians, [96]
- Gauraios river. See [Panjkora]
- Gawargar, [267]
- Gazban (Karbis), [159]
- Gazdarra pass, [465], [472]
- Geh (Bih), [311]-[12], [314]
- Geography:
- Ancient records of, absence of, [14]-[16], [18], [29]
- Distances, difficulties of estimating, by "a day's journey," 298
- Influence of, on migratory movements, [9], [45]-[6];
on history, [214]
- Makran, of, [295] et seq.
- Official v. unofficial, [332], [345]
- Persian, extent and accuracy of, [17], [25]-[6], [29], [31]
- Recent advances in, [1], [17], [32], [60]
- Gerard, Dr., [376], [395]
- Germany, firearms from, imported to Persia, Seistan, etc., [55]
- Gharan, [429]
- Gharo river, [153]
- Ghazni (region):
- Ghazni river, [468]
- Ghazni (town):
- Ghaznigak, [261]
- Ghilzais (Khilkhis):
- Ghizao, [515]
- Ghorband drainage system, [468]
- Ghorband river, [413]
- Ghorband valley:
- Ghori, [524]
- Ghoweh Kol (? Pai Kol), [380]
- Ghulam Khana, [385]
- Ghur:
- Ferrier at, [478]
- Ghazni to, no direct route from, [220]
- Ghur, kingdom of:
- Ghur river, [204], [221], [488]
- Ghur valley, [221]-[2]
- Ghurian (Koure), [231]-[2]
- Giaban headland, [159]
- Gichki, [37]
- Gilgit basin, [517];
river, [182]
- Girishk:
- Gish (war god), [131]
- Glass, Arabic, [300]
- Gobi desert, [171]
- Goës, Benedict, [327]-[8]
- Goldsmid, General Sir F., [299]
- Gomul river, [136], [464], [473]-[4]
- Gomul route from the Indus to Ghazni, Vigne's exploration of, [462], [512], [513]
- Gondakahar (Gandakahar, Gondekehar) caves, [305], [306], [320]
- Gondrani caves, [305], [306]
- Granikos river, [66]
- Great Britain:
- Greeks:
- Baghlan and Andarab, settlements about, [435]
- Baktria, deportation to, [87], [91];
survival of strain in, [354]-[5], [358], [423]
- Dionysian, migration of, to Indian frontier, [16], [19], [62]-[3], [124]-[5], [358], [423]
- Indian art, influence on, [59]-[60]
- Kyrenean, in Baktria, [91]
- Milesian. See that title
- Persian Empire, relations with, [20]-[21], [36], [61]
- Women of, as influencing language in Indus valley, [22]
- Grierson, Dr., cited, [132]
- Gulgula citadel, [381], [386]
- Gulkatz, [473]
- Gulkoh mountain, [515]
- Gulran (? Kilrin), [235]
- Gurkhas in Nepal, [188]
- Guzwan (? Gurkan, Juzjan, Jurkan, Jirghan), [250], [251], [255]
- Gwadur (Barna, Badara), [159], [299]
- Gwalian (Walian) pass, [414]
- Habibullah, [444]
- Haftala (Astola, Hashtala, Nuhsala, Nosala) Island, [161], [286]
- Haibak (Semenjan):
- Andarab, distance from, [272];
route to, [524]
- Buddhist remains at, [177], [264]-[5], [511]
- Description of, [271]
- Moorcroft at, [446]
- mentioned, [261], [482]
- Haidar, cited, [186], [327]
- Haidarabad, [399]
- Haig, General, [27];
cited, [309]-[10];
Indus Delta Country by, cited, [145], [153]
- Haji Khan, [378]-[87], [417]
- Hajigak pass, [260], [420], [446];
Masson's account of, [388];
Wood's account of, [417]
- Hajjaj, [292]
- Hala pass, [150]
- Hamadan, [322];
telegraph route from, to Teheran, [48]
- Harat Rud, [498]
- Hari Rud river:
- Hari Rud valley, [215], [485]-[6], [528]
- Hariana, [276]-[7]
- Harnai pass, [139]
- Hazaras:
- Characteristics of, [216], [481]
- Country of, nature of, [84]-[6], [214], [221], [516];
British interest in, merely academic, [514]
- Forced labour of, [380]-[81]
- Haji Khan's treachery against, [384]
- Kidnapping of, by Taimanis, [253]
- Masson's relations with, [387]-[8]
- Slave-gangs of, [421]
- Trading of, [252]
- Women of, Ferrier's account of, [485]
- Yezdambaksh, under, [378]-[9]
- Hazart Ghaos, [371]
- Hazrat Baba Kamur, [505]
- Hazrat Imam, [432]-[3], [504], [505], [506]
- Hedin, Sven, [170]
- Helawerd, [274]
- Helmund basin, [201];
central unexplored, [512]
- Helmund river (Etymander):
- Course of:
- Crossing-places on, [204]-[10], [380]
- Detritus borne by, [81]
- Indus, route to, [527]
- Northern branches of, unexplored, [515]
- Ruins bordering, [492]
- Unexplored portion of, [512], [515]
- Helmund valley:
- Antiquarian treasures in, [496]
- Description of, [79] et seq.
- Nadir Shah in, [526]
- Pottery débris in, [197]
- Survey of, thoroughness of, [207]
- Hephæstion, [94], [95], [99], [150], [151]
- Herat (Aria):
- Ancient cities on or near site of, [77]
- Balkh, routes to, [239]-[40], [247]-[8]
- Capital of Ghur in mediæval times, [219]
- Christie at, [336]-[7]
- Commerce of, during Arab supremacy, [225]
- Defence of, against the Persians (1837), [402]
- Description of, by Idrisi, [228]
- Durani occupation of, [348]
- Farah, route to, [230]-[34]
- Ferrier at, [477];
his views as to, [479]
- India, military route to, [525]-[6]
- Kabul, route to, by Hari Rud, [248], [256], [262];
other routes, [257]
- Kandahar, direct route to, [490], [525]-[8]
- Mosalla, [228]
- Panjdeh and Merv, route to, [236]
- Persian satrapy including, [32]
- Persian siege of, [477]
- Tributary to Ghur in mediæval times, [218]
- Herat valley, [202], [205], [211]-[12], [217];
route from, to India, [209];
trees in, [237]
- Herodotus cited, [17], [25], [26], [30], [31], [33]-[4], [56], [163]
- Hicks, [469]
- Hindu Koh range, [182]
- Hindu Kush mountains:
- Direction of, [4]
- Geographical knowledge of, defective, [508]-[9]
- Passes over, [274], [327], [328], [357], [378], [381]-[2], [387], [413]-[15], [426]-[7], [434]-[5], [507], [517], [519]-[25]
- Andarab in relation to, [275], [277]
- Command of, [261]
- Masson's account of, [388]
- Mediæval use of, [277]
- Wood's account of, [417]-[18]
- Snow line of, on north and south sides, [415]
- Hinglaz mountain and shrine, [162]-[3]
- Hingol river, [291];
Alexander at, on the retreat, [151], [157], [161]-[3], [166]
- History, unimportance of, to the ancients, [11], [25]
- Hiuen Tsiang cited, [178]
- Honigberger, M., [394]-[5], [462], [468]
- Hormuz, [200]
- Housab, [225]
- Huc, Abbé, cited, [439], [440]
- Huec Sheng, [184]
- Huen Tsang cited, [262], [279]
- Huntington, Ellsworthy, cited, [8], [278]
- Hunza (Kunjut), [180]-[81]
- Hupian, [394]
- Hyperboreans, [14], [19]
- Ibn Batuta cited, [210]
- Ibn Haukel of Baghdad cited, [203], [217], [228]-[31], [236], [237], [243], [251], [255], [295], [303];
Ashkalu l' Bilad of, quoted, [304], [308]-[309];
map of Makran by, cited, [297]-[8], [307], [312], [313]
- Ichthyophagi, [160], [318]
- [Idrisi] (Abu Abdulla Mohammed) cited,199 et seq., [301]-[304], [307]-[309], [312], [313], [315]-[17], [427]-[8], [434], [446];
quoted, [303], [314], [316]-[17]
- Ilchi (Khotan), [172]
- Iliad cited, [12]
- Imám Sharif, [222]
- India (for particular districts, rivers, etc., see their names):
- Aboriginal inhabitants of, [157]
- Afghanistan:
- Arab invasion of, by land and sea, [287]
- Art of:
- Aryan influx to, [61]
- Assyrian influence in, [70];
on art, [7], [52]-[4]
- Bombay N.I., record of, [454]
- Defences of, natural:
- Dravidian races entering, [142]-[4], [158]
- Gold-fields of, [51]
- Government of:
- Greek impression left on, slightness of, [59]
- History of, ancient, non-existent, [11]
- Makran route to. See under subheading [Routes]
- N.W. barrier of, true situation of, [5]
- Population of, not indigenous, [49]
- Railway systems of, [324]
- Rajput families of, [7]
- Routes to:
- Russian designs as to, question of, [319]-[20]
- Trade of:
- Turanian races in, [157]-[8]
- Indian Survey, [183]
- Indus river (Sintu ho):
- Boundary of early exploration, [7]
- Burnes' flotilla on, [454]
- Course of, variations in, [26]-[7], [296]
- Delta of, area of, [27]
- Desert flanking, [143]-[4], [226], [526]
- Gharo, creek of, [153]
- Gorge of, below the Darel, [183]-[4]
- Haig's Indus Delta Country cited, [145], [153]
- Navigability of, near Baio, [121]
- Opening of, to commercial navigation, Burnes' mission regarding (1837), [399]
- Rann of Katch, estuary of, in antiquity, [144]
- Routes from, to Helmund river and Central India, [527]
- Voyage down, by Scylax, [26]-[8]
- Indus valley:
- Climate of, [46];
fog, [85]-[6]
- Greek and Arabic remains in, [364];
Greek language and its disappearance, [21], [59]
- Inscriptions, undecipherable, found in, [129]-[30]
- Mahomedan supremacy in, [293]
- Pathans in, ancient settlement of, [28]
- Persian satrapy including large part of, [31]
- Routes to, through Makran, [141]. See also under [India—Routes]
- Vegetation in, in antiquity, [121]-[2]
- Inscriptions on stone slabs, [129]-[30];
on bricks, [494], [496], [499]
- Irak, [292];
valley, [387];
stream, [388];
pass, [417]
- Irrigation in Afghanistan, [75]-[6], [475]
- Ishak Khan, [261]
- Ishkashm, [429]
- Islam. See [Mahomedanism]
- Ispahan:
- Ispahak pass, Wood's description of, [417]
- Israelites:
- Issyk Kul lake, [173]
- Istakhri of Persepolis cited, [295], [302], [303], [307], [308], [312]