Страница - 62 Страница - 64 Jabar Khan, [462] , [469] Jacobabad, [139] Jacquet, Eugene, [395] Jadran hills, [513] Jadwa, [236] Jagdallak defile, [95] Jahanabad, [497] Jhal, [371] [335] , [497] ;
Buddhist relics near, [177] , [352] Jalawan Brahuis, [164] Jalk, [335] Jam Kala, [222] Jamrud, [398] Jamshidis, [214] , [216] , [481] Jaor, [486] Jats, Jatas, [293] , [501] Jawani, [336] Jebel al Ghur, [217] Jerkere, [231] Jihun. See [Oxus] . Jil district, [278] Jilgu river, [475] Jirena (Behvana), [245] Jirghan (? Jurkan, Gurkan, Juzjan, Guzwan), [250] , [251] , [255] ;
range, [249] Jirift, [201] Jirm (? Badakshan), [270] , [506] Position and importance of, [270] , [274] -[5] Wood's estimate of, [422] , [425] -[6] Joubert's translation of Idrisi cited. See [Idrisi] Journal of the Royal Society of Arts cited, [146] Junasdara pass, [424] -[5] Jurkan (Gurkan, Juzjan, ?Guzwan or Jirghan), [250] , [251] , [255] ;
range, [249] Jutes, [61] Kabadian, [278] Arab expedition against, [292] Burnes' mission to (1832), [344] , [376] ;
his commercial mission to (1837-8), [392] , [398] -[401] , [404] -[405] Hicks' tomb at, [469] Masson British agent in, [397] ;
his account of, [376] -[7] Mediæval estimate of, as "Indian" town, [211] , [219] , [226] , [262] ;
mediæval description quoted, [211] Modern conditions in, social and material, [377] Moorcroft's journey to, [444] Routes to and from:Afghan Turkistan, Wood's account of route to, [418] -[19] ;
modern improvements in, [419] and n. , [522] n. Andarab, Khafila road to, [88] Badakshan, all-the-year-round route to, [275] -[6] , [419] n. Balkh, Frontier Commission's route from, [272] -[3] Bamian, route to, open in winter, [385] -[6] Bokhara and Bamian, main route to, [389] Herat, route from, by Hari Rud, [248] , [256] , [262] ;
other routes, [257] Kunduz, [416] , [523] Mazar and Band-i-Amir, by, [259] -[261] Peshawar via Kuram valley and Peiwar pass, [135] Punjab, route from:Buddhist character of, [177] Kunar, Laghman and Lundai valleys, by, [101] Sar-i-pul, from, [252] Vigne at, [468] -[9] Kabul province, India in Middle Ages, [277] Kabul river basin (Ki-pin), [96] , [176] , [215] Kabulis, [492] Kach (Kaj), meaning of term, [35] Kach Gandava, [305] -[306] Kafir wine, [133] -[4] Kafiristan: Kafirs in Afghanistan: Kafirs of the Hindu Kush, The (Robertson), cited, [510] Kafzur (Hajigak) pass, [417] Kah, [267] , [268] Kaiani of Seistan, [34] Kaiani kingdom, ruins of, [82] Kaiani Maliks, [37] , [208] Kaibar river, [232] Kaisan (Kasan) river, [272] Kaisar drainage, [248] -[9] Kala Bist, [204] , [207] , [208] Kala Sarkari, [260] Kala Sarwan, [206] -[208] Kala Shahar, [251] , [255] Kala-i-Fath, [355] , [496] , [497] Kalagan, [342] Kalah, ruins of, [42] Kalama (Khor Khalmat), [158] Kalapani river, [106] Kalat, [323] British expedition to, [406] Christie and Pottinger at, [332] Masson at, [370] -[71] Strategic position of, [138] -[9] Kalat-i-Ghilzai (Khilkh), [206] , [210] Kalatak, [301] Kalawun, [236] , [238] Kalloo (Panjpilan) pass, [417] Kalu, [388] Kalwan (? Kolwah), [304] Kaman-i-Bihist, [232] , [236] Kamard, Tajik chief of, [383] , [384] , [421] Kamard valley, [260] , [261] , [437] Kambali (? Khairokot), [150] , [307] -[308] Kamdesh, [131] Kamran, Shah, [403] Kanazbun (Firabuz), [302] -[303] ;
distances from, [304] , [313] , [317] Kandabel, [305] Kandahar:Flank march on, possibility of, [204] -[5] Indian frontier, distance from, [528] Kabul compared with, in matter of tolerance, [377] Leech's mission to, [401] -[402] Masson at, [360] -[61] Mediæval insignificance of, [210] Routes from, to: Kandahar (in Kach Gandava), [305] -[306] Kandaharis, [492] Kanowar, [238] Kao river. See [Alingar] Kaoshan pass, [435] :Alexander's passage of, tradition as to, [87] Greek control of, before Alexander's expedition, [20] , [91] ;
Greek use of, [277] Height of, [88] , [357] "Hindu Kush," known as the pass of, [414] Kara pass, [260] , [418] Karabel (Armail, Armabel, Las Bela), [304] -[307] , [320] Karabel plateau:Description of, [248] Route across, from near Panjdeh to Balkh, [250] Karabia I., [159] Karabine, [158] Karachi:Approaches to, [140] -[41] Configuration of, changes in, [153] Makran route to, modern possibilities as to, [319] -[24] Malir waterworks, [310] Masson refused landing at, [368] Voyage from, to Persian Gulf (by Nearkhos), [146] , [152] -[61] Karakoram pass, [180] Karakoram trade route, [181] , [517] ;
description of, [3] -[4] Karaks, [286] , [292] Karamat Ali, Saiad, [390] Karapa route, [351] Karat, [231] Karbat, [250] Karbis (Gazban), [159] Kardos, [327] Kardozan, [479] Karez Ilias route to Sarakhs, [234] Karia Pir, [307] Kariut (Cariat), [210] Karmania, [32] , [165] Karmatians, [293] , [311] Karomurs, [71] Karosthi language, [280] ;
script cited, [171] Kartchoo, [482] Karuj (Korokh), [236] , [237] Karwan (? Parwan), [276] -[7] Karza (? Kafza) pass, [382] , [385] Kasan, [511] ;
stream, [428] Kashan, [322] ;
river, [236] , [237] , [240] ;
valley, [481]
Kashmir passes, no records of military use of, [517] Kashmund mountains, [100] , [101] Kashran (? Khasrin), [317] Kaspioi, [31] Kaspira (Kasmira), [31] Kasr Akhif (Ahnef), [245] Kasrkand, [311] -[12] , [314] Kasur spur, [426] Kataghani horses, [504] -[505] Katan Chirak, [132] Katawar, [355] Kattasang, [472] Kattawaz plain, [465] , [472] , [475] Kawak (Khawak), [355] Kawakir, [235] Kej (Kiz, Kirusi, ?Labi), [301] -[302] Kej valley, [297] Kenef, [238] Kunjut (Hunza), [180] -[181] Kerman desert, [201] ;
valley, [262] Kermanshah, [322] Ketnev, [356] Khaibar route to India: Khair, [310] Khair Kot (? Kambali), [150] , [307] -[308] Khalmat tombs, [196] , [310] -[11] Khan Nashin, [495] Khana Yahudi, [257] Khanabad, [423] , [506] Kharachanabad (Khardozan), [230] Kharan, [331] , [335] , [339] Kharan desert, [339] -[41] Khardozan (Kharachanabad), [230] Khariab river, [278] Khariab (Kokcha) river, [270] , [273] , [274] Kharkerde, [231] Kharotis, [513] Khash, [495] Khash Rud valley, [204] Khashka pass, [387] Khasrin (? Kashran), [317] Khawak pass:Height of, [357] , [435] Importance of, [521] Popularity of, [414] Timur at, [327] , [355] , [435] otherwise mentioned, [261] , [275] , [277] , [419] , [428] , [434] , [507] Khawak river, [274] Khazar, [388] Khilkh (Kalat-i-Ghilzai), [206] Khilkhis. See [Ghilzais] Khiva (Khwarezm), [218] , [244] Khizilji Turks, [281] -[2] Khoes river, [99] -[100] Khoja Mahomed range, [424] , [436] , [437] , [506] , [507] Khojak range, [139] Khor Khalmat (Kalama), [158] Khorasan, [348] Khorienes, [93] Khotan (Ilchi): Khozdar: Khulm, [88] , [270] -[72] , [416] ;
river, [84] Khur, [308] , [310] Khurd Kabul defile, [95] Khud Rud, [515] Khuzan (Ak Tepe), [245] -[6] Khwaja Amran (Kojak) range, [374] Khwaja Chist, [217] , [223] Khwaja Salar, [448] , [449] , [460] Khwarezm (Khiva), [218] , [244] Ki-pin (Kabul river basin), [176] Kie-sha. See [Kashmir] . Kila Adraskand, [229] n. Kila Gaohar, [485] Kila Khum, [511] Kila Maur, [237] , [245] Kila Panja, [430] Kila Shaharak, [486] Kila Sofarak, [256] Kila Wali, [243] , [248] Kilif, [279] ;
pony ferry at, [89] -[90] , [460] Kilik pass, [180] , [517] Kilrin (? Gulran), [235] Kir (Kiz) Kaian, [313] -[17] Kirghiz (? Kirkhirs): Kirman, [311] , [313] -[15] , [322] -[3] ;
telegraph via , to India, [69] Kirman desert, [147] Kirthar range, [140] Kishm, [509] Kiz (Kirusi, Kej, ?Labi), [301] -[302] Kiz (Kir) Kaian, [313] -[17] Kizzilbash, [467] Knidza (Kyiza), [160]
Koh Daman: Koh-i-Babar (Baba) mountains: Koh-i-Basman, [323] Koh-i-Malik Siah, [209] Koh-i-Mor (Meros) mountains, [105] , [123] -[4] , [358] Koh Umber mountain, [423] , [506] Kohendil Khan, [493] Kohistan:Inhabitants of, [96] Mountain scenery of, [392] Kohistan plains, [87] Kohistani, [486] Kohistani Babas, [487] Kohnak divide, [513] Kojak (Khwaja Amran) range, [374] Course of, nature of, at Faizabad, [424] , [425] Mouth of, [434] Robertson's view regarding, [510] Route by headwaters of, nature of, [426] , [427] , [436] mentioned, [270] , [273] , [274] , [507] , [520] Kokcha valley, [424] , [425] , [427] Kokhar Ab river, [515] Kolab, [433] -[4] Kolar gold-fields, [51] Kolwah (? Kalwan), [304] Konche river, [174] Kophen river. See [Kabul river] Korokh (Karuj), [236] , [237] , [239] , [240] Kotal-i-bed, [374] Kotal Murgh pass, [90] Kotanni pass, [513] Koure (Ghurian), [231] -[2] Koyunjik mound, [43] Krateros, [103] , [147] Krokala, [148] , [153] , [156] Kua (Kau), [235] , [236] Kudabandan, [303] Kuen Lun mountains, [171] , [172] , [173] Kufs, [200] Kughanabad, [236] Kuhsan, Kusan (? Kuseri, Kouseri), [232] -[3] , [239] , [479] Kum, [322] [122] , [431] ;
importance of, [100] Kundar river, [464] Kunduz (town): Kunduz district:Fortified towns of, [504] Pestilential climate of, [432] , [447] -[9] , [505] Kunduz river, [261] , [421] , [428] , [436] , [505] ;
scenery of, [257] , [259] -[260] Kunduz valley route to Kabul, [434] Kunjut, [186] Kupruk, [257] Kuram, [482] -[3] , [505] Kuram valley route, [135] , [512] Kurchi, [251] Kurdistan hills, [322] Kurt (Tajik) dynasty in Ghur, [218] Kuseri, Kouseri (? Kuhsan, Kusan), [231] -[3] Kushan (Tokhari), [241] Kushk, [324] Kushk river, [236] , [237] , [240] ;
description of, [246] Kushk-i-Nakhud, [210] , [492] Kyiza (Knidza), [160] Labi (? Kiz, Kirusi, Kej), [304] Ladakh ("Little Tibet"): [96] , [99] -[101] ;
inhabitants of, [100] , [133] Lahore: Lakshur (? Langar), [238] -[9] Lalposh, [270] Lamghan. See [Laghman] Language, women's preservation of, [22] , [143] , [295]
Lapis-lazuli mines above Jirm, [426] , [507] Las (Lumri) tribe of Rajputs, [305] Lash Jowain, [493] , [498] Lasonoi, [30] Lataband pass, [424] Leach, Lieut., [471] Lead mines of Ferengal in Ghorband valley, [416] Leech, Lieut., on Burnes' staff, [401] -[402] , [412] ;
work and methods of, [440] -[41] Leh, [180] , [443] , [444] , [519] Leonatus, [151] , [156] , [161] Lhasa: Liari, [308] Lockhart mission, [358] , [429] , [509] Logar river, [380] , [468] ;
valley, [466] , [475] Lohanis, [360] , [463] , [467] Lob, [283] Lop basin, [172] , [173] Lop Nor, [171] , [174] , [280] Lord, Dr., mission of, to Badakshan, [402] ;
expedition of, to Koh Daman and Hindu Kush passes, [412] -[15] ;
in Ghorband valley, [416] ;
at Kunduz, [413] , [416] , [420] -[21] ;
visit of, to Hazrat Imam, [432] ;
investigations by, regarding Moorcroft, [439] ;
Uzbek State of Kundooz by, [504] ;
cited, [420] , [505] Loveday, Lieut., [406] Ludhiana, [344] Ludi (Lydoi), [30] Lulan, [174] Lumri (Las) tribe of Rajputs, [35] , [305] Lundai valley, [101] Lungar, [468] Lydoi (Ludi), [30] Mabara (? Barbarra), [434] Mackenzie, Captain, [148] M'Crindle cited, [159] MacMahon, Sir Henry, [374] and n. , [497] MacNab, Dr., [131] McNair, [358] Mada Khel hills, [108] Mahaban (Shah Kot), [108] , [110] -[11] , [113] , [117] -[21] Mahabharata cited, [12] , [63] Mahighir canal, [394] Mahmud of Ghazni, Multan conquered by (1005), [192] -[3] , [293] ;
raids by, [200] , [210] , [218] , [513] ;
tomb of, [376] ;
mentioned, [219] , [468] Mahmudabad, [491] Mahomed Akbar Khan, [490] Mahomed Ali, Chief of Saighan, [378] -[9] , [382] -[3] Mahomed Azim Khan, [444] Mahomed Kasim, [293] -[4] , [307] Mahomed Khan, Sultan, [360] , [403] , [483] [187] Mahomedans: Maidan, [260] , [468] Maimana, [239] , [248] -[50] , [258] , [481] For particular districts, etc., see their names Alexander's retreat through, [38] , [51] , [86] , [145] -[54] , [161] -[6] Ancient relics in, [56] Arabian interest in, prior to A.D. 712, [292] ;
Arab governors of, [193] , [292] , [293] Baluch traditions as to, [291] Bampur the ancient capital of, [165] Boledi long the ruling tribe in, [36] -[7] Coasting trade of, in antiquity, [57] [32] -[3] , [48] , [285] , [288] -[91] , [296] Decline of, in eleventh century, [295] Desiccation of, [288] -[9] Greek knowledge of, in ancient time scanty, [37] Hots of (? Uxoi), [34] Islands off, disappearance of, [286] , [288] Kaiani Maliks' supremacy in, [37] Kushite race in, question as to, [34] -[5] Negroes in, [36] Persian satrapies including, [32] , [200] Physical features of. See subheading [Configuration]
Ports of, for importation of firearms, [55] Route through, to India under Arab supremacy, [209] , [226] , [294] , [311] Ignorance as to, [141] Importance of, in antiquity, [167] -[8] Modern possibilities as to, [319] -[24] Stone-built circles in, [372] Tombs in (Khalmati), [310] -[11] Turanian relics in, [158] View of, from Arabian Sea, [284] -[5] Malan headland, [158] , [285] , [291] ;
range, [161] -[2] , [164] Malek Hupian, [394] Malistan valley, [515] Malli (? Meds), [155] , [160] -[61] Malun Herat, [229] n . Manabari, [308] -[309] Manasarawar lakes, [440] Manbatara, [308] Mandal pass, [426] , [507] , [519] Manga (Manja, Mugger) Pir, [309] Mangachar valley, [374] Manglaor, [121] Manhabari (? Minagar, Binagar), [304] , [309] -[10] Manjabari, [309] Manora (Domai) Island, [154] Mansura, [309] Mansuria, [315] -[16] Mashad:Russian telegraph via , [69] Seistan, route to, [528] Teheran, objections regarding railway to, [319] Mashad valley, [424] Mashkaf (Bolan) pass, [139] Mashkel (? Maskan), [313] -[14] ;
swamp, [323] , [339] , [341] Massaga: Marabad, [225] Marakanda (Samarkand), [88] Mardians, [68] , [76] Maruchak. See [Merv-el-Rud] Marwa, [225] Masson, arrival of, at Bushire, [348] , [368] ;
in Peshawar, [350] ;
journey to Kabul via Khaibar route, [351] -[4] , [359] ;
to Ghazni and Kandahar, [359] -[60] ;
to Quetta and Shikapur, [361] -[3] ;
in the Punjab, [364] -[5] ;
at Lahore, [365] -[367] ;
to Karachi, [377] ;
trips by water, [367] -[8] ;
in E. Baluchistan, [369] ;
at Chahiltan, [370] -[71] ;
through Sind, [371] -[2] ;
again to Kalat, Kandahar, and Kabul, [372] -[7] ;
Besud expedition, [378] , [380] ;
to Bamian (1832), [378] -[86] ;
to Kabul, [386] , [388] ;
researches near Kabul, [393] ;
accepts post as British agent in Kabul, [397] ;
relations with Burnes, [399] -[401] , [404] ;
resigns office under Indian Government, [405] , [407] ;
experiences at Quetta, [406] -[7] ;
meeting with Vigne, [469] ;
intimacy with Afghans, [346] -[7] , [350] , [352] , [362] -[363] ;
influence with them, [380] ;
intimacy with Baluchs, [374] ;
coins collected by, [393] ;
criticisms of Indian Government by, [408] , [409] ;
value of work of, [345] , [347] -[8] , [367] , [388] , [391] , [396] , [407] ;
methods of, [346] ;
estimate of, [361] , [370] , [372] , [395] -[6] , [408] ;
Travels in Afghanistan , etc. , see [that title] ;
otherwise mentioned, [458] , [462] , [463] , [468] , [491] Masurjan, [317] Matakanai, [105] , [128] Matiban, [200] Mazanderan, [481] Mazar, [434] , [435] , [448] , [459] Mazar-i-Sharif, [257] , [439] Meder, [267] , [268] Meds (? Malli), [155] , [160] -[61] , [292] -[3] Megasthenes, [129] ;
his India cited, [126] -[7] Mehrab Khan, [406] Meilik (Nimlik), [482] Menk, [274] Mesiha, [245] Mesopotamia:Earliest immigrants into, question as to origin of, [34] -[5] Irrigation works necessary in, [40] -[41] Israelite deportations to, [39] Nana-worship in, [163] Teheran-Mashad route from, to Baktria, [47] -[8] , [54] , [70] Merv of the Oasis (Russian):Balkh, routes to, [249] -[50] Confused with Merv-el-Rud by Idrisi, [244]
Herat route from, [236] Historic importance of, [241] Milesian Greeks: Miletus:Alexander's reduction of (334 B.C.), [66] Carpet-making industry of, [18] Destruction of, date of, [16] Minab river, [166] Minagar, Binagar (? Manhabari), [304] , [309] -[10] Mingal, [482] Mingals, [142] , [306] Minjan pass, [507] , [519] ;
Chitral route through, [359] , [426] Minjan river. See [Kokcha] Minjan valley, [132] , [426] , [436] Miri fort of Quetta, [138] , [148] Mockler, Col., cited, [159] -[60] Mongols:Afghanistan, in central plateau of, [85] Asiatic civilization overrun by, [200] Army of, destroyed on the Karakoram route, [4] Chenghiz Khan, under, [73] Ghur dynasty, subject to, [218] India:Central Southern, problem of arrival in, [142] -[4] Invasion of, by, [326] Military expeditions to, attempted, [186] Pilgrimages to, [169] et seq. Monze, Cape, [154] Moorcroft, explorations by, [440] ;
question as to residence at Lhasa, [444] ;
journey from to Kabul, Badakshan, and Bokhara, [444] -[8] ;
official attitude towards, [442] -[3] ;
records of, [443] ;
fate of, [438] -[9] ;
grave of, [259] ;
estimate of, [443] -[4] , [448] , [503] -[504] ;
otherwise mentioned, [423] , [434] , [467] Morontobara, [154] -[5] Mosarna, [161] Mugger (Manga, Manja) Pir, [309] Mugheir (Ur), [42] Mula (Mulla) pass, [139] , [140] , [147] , [371] Multan: Murad Beg, Mir of Kunduz, position of, [378] -[9] , [504] ;
Badakshani families transported by, [432] , [505] ;
Lord's invitation by, [413] , [416] ;
estimate of, [413] ;
Wood's estimate of, [422] ;
Moorcroft's experience and estimate of, [446] -[8] ;
otherwise mentioned, [385] , [418] , [425] , [429] , [503] Murad Khan of Kunduz, [383] Murgh pass, [434] -[5] Murghab basin, Upper, unmapped, [477] Murghab river:Economic value of, [246] -[7] Head of, unexplored, [516] Head valleys of, [258] Ruins on, [243] -[4] Upper, climate of, [220] otherwise mentioned, [215] , [236] , [239] -[41] Murghab valley, [242] , [282] , [284] Muskat, [55] Mustapha Khan, [487] Muttra, [210] Nachan, [225] Nadir Shah, [267] , [418] , [526] Nagas, [501] Nahrwara river. See [Kabul river] Naisan, [225] Najil, [327] , [356] , [396] -[7] Najirman (? Nakirman), [200] Najitan (Bajitan), [225] Nalpach pass, [383] -[4] Nan Shan mountain system, [173] Nana (Chaldean goddess), [162] -[3] Naoshirwan, [339] Napoleon Buonaparte, Emperor, [328] -[329] Naratu, [236] , [237] , [239] , [248] Narmashir, [323] Nasirs, [475] Nasratabad, [203] Nassoor, Sheikh, [497] Nava Sanghârâma, [178] Navigation, ancient, character of, [13] , [56] -[7] Nawagai, [103] Nawak pass, [274] , [428] Nawar valley, [515] Nearkhos, [26] , [27] ;
voyage of, from Karachi to Persian Gulf, [145] , [152] -[61] , [286] ;
meeting of, with Alexander, [166] -[7] ;
cited, [286] Negroes, Asiatic, [36] New Chaman, [324] Nicolas range, [431] Nikaia (modern Kabul), Alexander at, [98] . See also [Kabul] Nili, [222] Nimchas, [269] Nimlik (Meilik), [482] Nimrud, [71] Nineveh: Nishapur, [231] Nomadic life, conditions of, [23] -[5] Nonnus of Panopolis cited, [62] -[3] , [98] North, Lieut., value of geographical work by, [411] -[12] , [471] Nott, [406] Nuhsala (Nosala, Haftala, Hashtala) island, [161] , [286] Nuksan pass, [508] -[509] , [519] , [520] , [522] Nurzai, [212] , [491] Nusa. See [Nysa] Nushki: Nysæan inscriptions, question as to, [129] -[30] Nysaioi, [126] -[7] Obeh (Auca), [217] , [225] , [256] Odyssey cited, [12] Olbia, [19] Omar I., Kalif of Baghdad, [307] Ora (? modern Bazar), [106] Oritæ, [146] , [150] , [151] , [156] , [161] Orodis, [241] [277] et seq. Oxus jungles, [433] Oxus (Jihun, Khariab) river:Channel of, variations in, [89] Fords of, accurate knowledge of, [501] -[502] Irrigation works connected with, [75] Khariab a name for, [273] , [278] Pony ferry over, at Kilif, [89] -[90] , [460] ;
at Khwaja Salar, [449] , [460] -[61] Wood's explorations of, [420] , [423] , [428] -[35] Oxydrakai, [127] Pactyans. See [Pathans] Padizar bay, [158] , [159] Paghman offshoot of Hindu Kush, [97] Paghman, [387] Pahrag (Pahra, Pahura, Fahraj), [315] , [317] , [342] ;
two places so named, [316] Panja (Wakhab) river, [279] Panjdeh:Buddhist caves at, [244] Herat, routes from, [236] Karabel plateau route from near, to Balkh, [250] Panjgur:Dates of, [290] Description of, [302] -[303] Mountain conformation of, [323] Railway from, to Karachi, question as to, [324] Telegraph route to, from Ispahan, [322] Panjkora river, [104] , [122] [96] Panjpilan (Kalloo, Shutar Gardan) pass, [386] , [388] , [417] Panjshir (Banjohir), [276] -[7] Panjshir pass, [87] -[8] Panjshir route between Kabul and Andarab, [87] -[8] , [414] Panjshir valley: Pannah, [472] Parah, [230] Parana (Parwana), [229] , [481] , [498] Parikanoi, [163] -[4] Parjuman, [223] Park mountains, [221] Parkan stream, [164] Paropamisos (Hindu Kush), [79] , [234] , [247] . (See also [Hindu Kush] .) Parsi (Tarsi), [489] Parwan (? Karwan), [276] -[7] Parwan (Sar Alang, Bajgah) pass, [328] , [435] ;
altitude of, [357] ;
description of, [414] Parwana (Parana), [229] , [481] , [498]
Pashai, [133] Pashat, [133] Pasiris, [158] Pasni, bay of, [159] , [164] Patala, [146] , [148] Ancient settlement of, in present situation, [28] Greek names among, [21] Inscriptions used by, for decoration, [129] -[30] Persian origin of language of, [21] Peiwar pass, [135] Periplus cited, [310] Perjan (? Parwan), [355] Persepolis:Alexander the Great at, [68] Inscriptions at, cited, [30] Persia:Afghanistan:Colonies in, [61] Intrigues regarding, British nervousness as to, [399] -[400] War with (1837), [402] Army of, French officers' organisation of, [477] Charbar point fort built by, [299] Configuration of western, [48] Desert regions of, [69] ;
"Great Desert," 201 Firearms imported into, [155] Helmund boundary of, [80] Routes through, to the East, two, [69] ;
routes to India, [311] , [319] , [321] -[4] Russia:Sphere of influence of, [322] French organisation of Persian army resented by, [477] War with (1826), [348] Persian Empire:Extent of, [21] , [26] -[7] Geographical information possessed by, extent and accuracy of, [17] , [25] -[6] , [29] , [31] Greek permeation of, [20] -[21] ;
Greek attitude towards, [36] Indian hinterland under control of, in Alexander's time, [61] Indian trade of, [21] Nations subject to, lists of, [29] -[30] Satrapies of, identification of, [30] -[32] Persian Gulf:Command of, necessary for safety of southern Baluchistan passes, [141] Masson's trip up, [367] Voyage to, from Karachi (by Nearkhos), [146] , [152] -[61] Persians, Pottinger's estimate of, [333] -[4] Peshawar:Cession of, to Afghanistan mooted by Burnes, [401] , [404] Moorcroft's journey from, to Kabul and Bokhara, [444] Route to, from Kabul via Kuram valley and Peiwar pass, [135] Sikh occupation of, [350] Peshawaran, [336] Peukelaotis, [99] , [114] Philotas, [78] Phur river, [151] Physical geography, influence of, on migratory movements, [9] , [45] -[6] ;
on history, [214] Pimuri defile, [421] Pir Mahomed, [445] , [456] Pisacas, [133] Place-names, value of, in identifications, [115] Pokran (? Pokar), [371] Pola Island, [159] Polo, Marco, [281] , [327] Polyænus quoted, [127] -[8] Pony-ferries on the Oxus—at Kilif, [89] -[90] , [460] ;
at Khwaja Salar, [449] , [460] -[61] Poolka, [496] Poolki (Pulaki), [335] -[6] , [497] Pottinger, Lieut., explorations by, [329] et seq. ;
at Herat, [402] ;
quoted—on Persian character, [333] -[4] ;
on the Kharan desert, [339] -[40] Pousheng (Boushinj, Bousik), [231] , [234] , [237] Ptolemy (son of Lagos), with Alexander's expedition, [103] , [104] , [116] ;
cited, [37] , [104] , [310] Pul-i-Malun bridge, [229] n. , [230] Pulaki (Poolki), [335] -[6] , [497] Punjab: Pura, [165] [146] , [148] , [149] , [156] , [292] , [305] , [320] , [370] Pushti Hajigak (Kafzur) pass, [417] Pushto, [350] , [352] Quetta (Shall):British ignorance regarding, in 1880, [369]
Masson and Bean at, [406] ;
Masson's account of, [362] Strategic importance of, [137] -[9] Telegraph to, from Seistan, [323] Quintus Curtius. See [Curtius] Ragozin's Chaldea quoted, [43] Rahmat Khan, [365] Rahmatulla Khan, [382] , [421] Rahun, [304] Rajput tribes, [35] Rajputana desert, [27] Ramayana cited, [12] , [63] Rambakia, [150] Ranjit Singh, Bentinck's interview with (1832), [344] ;
position of, [350] , [398] ;
Burnes' entertainment by, [455] -[6] ;
Burnes' estimate of, [457] ;
Vigne's acquaintance with, [462] ;
mentioned, [401] , [404] Ras Kachari, [156] Rasak (? Sarbaz), [312] -[14] Ravi river, [366] Rawlinson, Sir Henry, cited, [241] , [242] , [245] , [479] ;
his Five Monarchies quoted, [43] Regan, [316] , [317] , [323] Registan, [375] Reishkhan district, [424] Robat-i-Kashan, [237] Roberts, Lord, [87] Robertson, Sir George, [358] , [426] , [507] , [510] Rohri, [364] Rokh, Shah, [242] Rookes cited, [118] Roxana, [92] R.G.S. Journal cited, [123] ;
Proceedings cited, [241] Rozabagh, [229] n. Rozanak, [233] Ruby mines of Oxus valley, [428] Rudbar (? Rudhan), [207] , [496] Rue Khaf (? Rudan), [231] Russia:Afghan intrigues of, British nervousness regarding, [399] -[400] India: Persia:Army organisation of, resented by, [477] Sphere of influence in, [322] War with (1826), [348] Transcaspian railway terminus, [324] Camps of, [233] , [235] , [240] Escort of English officers of, [492] Geographical surveys in Reports of, [194] , [264] Kwaja Salar, disappearance of, [450] Rapidity of movements of, [477] Routes of, [78] , [248] , [261] , [272] -[3] , [335] , [415] otherwise mentioned, [71] , [83] , [231] Rustak, [504] Rustam (Bazira), [106] , [113] , [114] Sabaktagin, [414] Sacnia, [281] Sadik Khan, [493] Sadmurda, [260] Safed Khak pass, [379] Safed Koh, [95] Sagittæ, [163] St. John cited, [148] , [316] Saiad Ahmad Shah, [350] Saib, [433] Saidabad fort, [386] Saighan valley, [260] , [379] , [382] , [421] , [437] , [505] Sajidi, [164] Sakæ, [163] , [164] Sakah, [229] Sakas, [501] Samad Khan, [390] Samaria, date of fall of, [39] Sarmakan, [245] Samarkand (Marakanda), [88] , [292] Sandeman, Sir Robert, [137] , [320] ;
cited, [374] Sandrakottos (Chandragupta), [129] Sangadip Island, [161] Sangcharak, [258] ;
mountains, [255] Sangiduktar, [231] Sangusar, [492] Sar Alang (Parwan, Bajgah) pass, [414] Saraswati river, [27] , [144] Sarakhs, [230] , [233] , [234] Sarbaz (? Rasak), [312] , [314] ;
river, [312] Sardanapalus (Assur-bani-pal), [52] , [162] -[3] Sargo pass, [472] Sargon, [39] , [45] Sar-i-jangal stream, [256] Sarikoh stream, [267] Sar-i-pul (? Aspurkan), [250] -[52] , [483] Sarwan (Kala Sarwan), [206] -[208] Sarwandi (Sir-i-koll) pass, [465] , [472] ;
ridge, [465] -[6] Satibarzanes, [77] Schintza, [473] Schwanbeck, Dr., [126]
Scylax of Caryanda, [26] -[9] Sehwan, [371] Afghan army's experience in, [403] Climate and natural conditions in, [80] , [85] , [201] -[203] , [403] , [494] Extent of, less than of ancient Drangiana, [78] ;
extent in mediæval times, [205] Firearms imported into, [55] Goldsmid's mission to, [299] Inhabitants of, mentioned by Herodotus, [33] Lake of, [497] Route to Mashad, [528] Persian satrapy, [32] , [200] Ruins in, abundance of, [336] Reputation of, [201] -[202] Surveys of, [496] -[7] Telegraph to, from Narmashir, [323] Tributary to Ghur in mediæval times, [218] Sekhwan, [338] Sekoha, [498] Sejistan. See [Seistan] Semenjan. See [Haibak] Semiramis, [147] Senacherib, King of Assyria, [52] Senart, M., cited, [130] Seneca, cited, [21] Ser-ab (? Sar-i-ab), [468] Shah, [251] , [255] Shah Kot (Mahaban), [108] , [110] -[11] , [113] , [117] -[21] Shaharak, [486] Shahar-i-Babar, [257] , [267] Shahar-i-Wairan (? Shahar, Shah), [254] -[5] Shaitana, [380] Shakiban, [338] Shams Tabieri, Saint, [366] Shamshirs, [233] -[4] , [240] Shamsuddin pass, [418] Shansabi, [218] Sharif, Imam, [484] Sharifudin cited, [355] Sheherek, [486] Sheranni, [512] Sher-i-dahan, [468] Sherwan, [433] -[4] Shibar, [468] Shibar pass, [260] , [277] , [387] Shibarghan, [251] -[2] Shikapur, financial credit of, [331] -[2] , [363] , [452] -[3] Shorawak, [374] -[5] Shutar Gardan (Kalloo, Panjpilan) pass, [386] , [388] , [417] Siah Koh (Band-i-Baian), [486] , [487] Siah Reg pass, [381] [270] , [354] -[6] , [358] Siam, celadon furnaces in, [83] Sidonians, deportation of, by Assyria, [52] Sikhs, Dost Mahomed's operations against, [397] -[8] Simkoh, [234] Sind:Arab ascendency in, [192] , [293] , [311] , [366] ;
their geography of, [296] ;
buried Arab city in, [196] Assyrian art in pottery of, [54] Buddhist ruins in, [372] Frontier passes of, [209] Hot winds in, [341] Independent government, under, [329] , [331] , [345] -[6] , [363] Masson in, [349] ;
his account of, [365] Mongols settled in, [526] Mountain barrier of, [140] Singlak, [485] Sin-ho-to. See [Swat] Sintu-ho river. See [Indus] Sirafraz Khan, [391] Sir-i-koll (Sarwandi) pass, [465] Sirondha lake, [155] Skytho-Aryans, [241] Skyths:Caspian, at north and west of, [19] Central Asia, of, [50] ;
Alexander's encounter with, [92] -[3] Euxine, at north of, [14] Westward migration of, [61] Slavery in Badakshan, [520] Sofarak, [262] Sogdia (Bokhara), [32] , [92] Sohrab, [332] Somnath, [210] Song Yun cited, [184] Sonmiani, [308] , [368] ;
route from, to interior, [330] -[31] Sousa, [479] Spinasuka pass, [103] Stein, Dr. M. A., [237] , [503] ;
Buddhist sanctuary discovered by, [184] ;
methods of, [109] -[11] ;
cited, [111] , [113] , [117] -[18] , [120] -[21] , [170] Stoddart, Colonel, [390] , [402] Stone-built circles, [372] Strabo cited, [107] , [122] ;
quoted, [127] Stewart, General, [95] Subzawar, [230] , [498] Sufed Koh mountains, [135] , [215] Su-ho-to (Lower Swat), [185] Sujah, Shah, [344] , [353] , [405] , [456]
Suliman, Kalif, [294] Suliman hills, torrents and passes of, [36] -[7] Sultan Mahomed, [445] , [446] Sura (? Suza), [317] Surkh Kila pass, [418] Survey methods, perfecting of, [500] Suza (? Sura), [317]