The History of Java, v. 1-2

by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles

signian or wignian		is placed after the letter, and is used to supply the place of the letter h, when not followed by a vowel sound.
chákra		is placed round two letters, and introduces r between the consonant and its inherent vowel.
láyar		is placed above the letter, and is used to supply the place of the letter r when not followed by a vowel sound.
péngkal		is placed partly below the letter and partly after, to introduce a medial y in the same manner as chákra introduces r.
chechak		is placed above the letter, and is used to supply the place of the letter ng', when not followed by a vowel sound.
chákra-gántung		is placed below the letter, and is pronounced re.
pángkun		is placed after a letter, and serves as a mark of elision, destroying the final vowel sound.

VOWELS.

Single or unconnected Vowels.			Sandáng'an, or Corresponding Medial and Final Vowels.
a
i		wulu		is placed above the letter.
u		súku		is placed below the letter.
é		táling		is placed before the letter.
o		táling-tárung		with the letter between.
e		pápet		is placed above the letter, and is pronounced as le in French.
ng'a lálet gives the sound of le, and pachérak gives the sound of re, as in Sanscrit.

N	T	S	S
P	Nia	G	B

ÁNGKA or NUMERALS.

1	2	3	4
5	6	7	8
9		0

ha	na	cha	ra
ka	da	ta	sa
wa	la	pa	da
ja	ya	nia	ma
ga	ba	ta	ng'a

ha	na	cha	ra
ka	da	ta	sa
wa	la	pa	da
ja	ya	nia	ma
ga	ba	ta	ng'a

wignian		pronounced as h.
chákra		r.
láyar		r.
péngkal		y.
chéchak		ng'.
chákra gántung		r.
pángkun		the mark of elision.

wúlu		pronounced as	i.
súku			u.
táling			é.
táling tárung			o.
pápet			e.
ng'a lélet			le.