I wish also to thank, among others, Mr. David Weller, head verger of Westminster Abbey, for leave to reproduce the photographs shown in figs. 1, 2, 4, 34, 40, 87, 104, 110, 134, 156, 176, 194, 195; Mr. T. W. Phillips, of Wells, for those forming figs. 23 and 111; Mr. Charles Goulding, of Beverley, for those forming figs. 49, 50; Mr. T. Palmer Clarke, of Cambridge, for those forming figs. 88, 96, 128, 170, 171, and 172; and Mr. Fred Spalding, of Chelmsford, for the photograph of the New Hall panel in fig. 189.


[CONTENTS]

CHAP.page
I. [INTRODUCTION] 33
Defects of Modern Heraldic Decoration; Appeal to First Principles; English versus Foreign Sources; Definition of Heraldry; Modes of Display; Colours and Furs; Formation of Arms; Divisions of the Shield; Early Authorities: Seals, Monuments, Buildings, Wills and Inventories, Rolls of Arms.
II. [THE SHIELD AND ITS TREATMENT] 65
Early Forms of Shields; Later Forms; Shields of Irregular Outline and Surface; The Filling of a Shield; Apparent versus Absolute Uniformity; Modern Rules as to Proportion; The Use and Abuse of Quartering: its Origin and Growth; Differencing of Arms; The Scutcheon of Ulster; Diapering.
III. [THE SHIELD AND ITS TREATMENT (cont.)] 109
Armorial Bearings of Ladies; Use of Lozenges and Roundels as variant forms of Shields; Arms of Men on Lozenges; Combinations of Shields with Lozenges and Roundels of Arms on Seals and in Embroideries.
IV. [THE TREATMENT OF CRESTS] 123
Origin of Crests; Earliest examples of Crests; Ways of wearing Crests; The Helm and its treatment; Modern use of Helms; Absurd Crests; Use of Crests other than by individuals; The comparative sizes of Helms and Crests.
V. [MANTLINGS] 139
Origin of Mantlings; Simple early forms; Colours of Mantlings; Medieval usage as to colours of Mantlings.
VI. [CRESTS AND CROWNS, CAPS OF ESTATE, AND WREATHS] 148
Crests within Crowns; Nature and Treatment of Crowns; Caps of Estate: Their possible origin and introduction into Heraldry; The colour of Caps; The placing of Crests upon Caps; Wreaths or Torses; Their Colour; Crests and Mottoes; Use of Crests by Bishops; The ensigning of Arms with Mitres, Cardinals' and Doctors' Hats, and Caps of Estate.
VII. [THE USE OF BADGES, KNOTS, AND THE REBUS] 165
Definition of a Badge; Difference between Crests and Badges; Examples of Badges; The Ostrich-Feather Badge; The White Hart, etc.; Introduction of Badges into Heraldry; Their Prevalence; Allusive Badges; Badges of obscure Origin; Knots and Badges; The Rebus.
VIII. [SUPPORTERS] 193
The probable Origin of Supporters; Quasi-Supporters; True Supporters: their Introduction; Supporters of Crested Helms; Pairs of Supporters; Dissimilar Supporters; The use of Supporters by Ladies; Other ways of Supporting Shields.
IX. [BANNERS OF ARMS] 219
The Royal Banner of Arms; The Banner of the Arms of the City of London; Shapes of Banners; Sizes of certain Banners; Upright versus Long Banners; Advantages of the upright form; Banners with Achievements of Arms; Modern Use of Banners.
X. [MARSHALLING OF ARMS] 251
Arms of husband and wife; Dimidiating; Impaling; Scutcheons of Pretence; Impalement with Official Arms; Arms of ladies; Heraldic Drawing; Mottoes; Use and Misuse of the Garter; Lettering and Mottoes.
XI. [CROWNS, CORONETS, AND COLLARS] 269
Crowns and Coronets; Introduction of Coronets; Coronets of Princes, Dukes, and Earls; Bequests of Coronets; Illustrations of Coronets and Crowns; Collars and Chains; Collars of Orders; Lancastrian Collars of SS; Yorkist Collars of Suns and Roses; Tudor Collars of SS; Other Livery Collars; Waits' Collars; Collars and Chains of Mayors, Mayoresses, and Sheriffs; The Revival of Collars; Inordinate Length of modern Collars.
XII. [HERALDIC EMBROIDERIES] 319
The introduction of armorial insignia in embroidered Vestments: on Robes: on Beds, etc.
XIII. [TUDOR AND LATER HERALDRY] 331
Decorative Heraldry of the Reign of Henry VIII; The Decadent Change in the Quality of Heraldry; Examples of Elaborated Arms; Survival of Tradition in Heraldic Art; Elizabethan Heraldry; Heraldry in the Seventeenth Century and Under the Commonwealth; Post-Restoration Heraldry.
[CHRONOLOGICAL SERIES OF ILLUSTRATIONS] 354
[INDEX] 411

[LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS]

PLATES

PLATEFacing page
Banner of the arms of King George the Fifth ([Frontispiece]) Title
[I].Arms of Milton Abbey from a window in Ibberton church, Dorset, c. 1475. (From "Archæologia," vol. xlvii.) 48
[II].}Shields in stained glass of the 14th century inthe Victoria and Albert Museum. (From coloured drawings by Mr. T. W. Rutter)54
[III].56
[IV].Part (reduced) of an early Roll of Arms belonging to the Society of Antiquaries of London64
[V].Examples of shaped shields70
[VI].Various shapes of shields73
[VII]. Examples of quartering89
[VIII]. Examples of diapered shields104
[IX]. Use of lozenges and roundels of arms112
[X]. Use of lozenges and roundels of arms114
[XI]. Early examples of crests123
[XII]. Early uses of crests, on seals of William Montagu earl of Salisbury, 1337-44125
[XIII]. Various treatments of crests129
[XIV]. Examples of crests and mantlings130
[XV]. Stall-plate (reduced) of Hugh Stafford lord Bourchier, c. 1421151
[XVI]. Stall-plate (reduced) of William lord Willoughby, c. 1421154
[XVII]. Crests with mottoes161
[XVIII].Examples of supporters188
[XIX]. Origin of supporters193
[XX]. Shields with supporters198
[XXI]. Shields accompanied by badges199
[XXII]. Quasi-supporter 200
[XXIII]. Shields accompanied by badges202
[XXIV]. Shields accompanied by badges203
[XXV]. Arms with crown and supporters of Elizabeth Wydville, queen of Edward IV208
[XXVI]. Arms, supporters, and badges of the lady Margaret Beaufort, 1455209
[XXVII]. Methods of arranging shields214
[XXVIII]. Examples of banners of arms216
[XXIX]. Ways of upholding shields218
[XXX]. Crowned shield with supporters and badges of the lady Margaret Beaufort, 1485288
[XXXI]. Right and wrong versions of the Union Jack248