Annals of the early Caliphate from the death of Mahomet to the Omeyyad and Abbaside dynasties A.H. XI-LXI (A.D. 632-680) from original sources

by Sir William Muir

• Habîb, [394]
• Hadhramaut, [21], [56]
• Hafîr, [72]
• Hajjâj, [445]
• Hakam ibn Jabala, [333]
• Hakîm ibn Hizâm, [340]
• Hâma, [199]
• Hamadan, [256], [257]
• Hamza, [44]
• Hâni, [435]
• Hanîfa, Beni, [38] et seq., [44], [45], [48]
• Hanifite, the, Aly’s wife, [89]
• Hantzala, [337]
• Hantzala, Beni, [30]
• Haphsa, widow of Mahomet, [2], [231], [307], [353]
• Haram, at Jerusalem, [209]
• Haram, in Hejâz, [263]
• Harîr, or Night of Clangour (Câdesîya), [168], [173]
• Harôra, [389]
• Harrân, [217]
• Hasan, [65], [350], [359], [394], [414];
• becomes Caliph, [418];
• abdicates, [419], [422], [442]
• Hâshim, Beni, [227]
• Hâshim ibn Otba, [153], [172], [179] et seq.;
• killed at Siffîn, [382]
• Hassân ibn Thâbit, [202], [343]
• Haurân, [205]
• Hawâb, dogs of, [354]
• Hawâzin, Beni, [26], [27]
• Hebron, [97]
• Hegira, [1];
• era established, [271]
• Hejer, [47], [50]
• Heliopolis, [241], [242]
• Heraclius, [67], [97], [201];
• death of, [243]
• Hims, [198], [216]
• Himyar, [51];
• troops, [146]
• Hind, daughter of Nómân, [265]
• Hindia, western branch of Euphrates, [70], [135], [175]
• Hind, wife of Abu Sofiân, [237], [277]
• Hîra, [49], [68], [76], [78];
• capitulates, [79] et seq., [85], [127], [161], [164];
• reoccupied, [178]
• Hît, [190], [199]
• Hobâb, [4]
• Hodeibía, [226], [386]
• Hodzeifa, [18], [51], [307]
• Hodzeil, [85], [90]
• Holwân, [190], [249], [256]
• Horcus, [90]
• Horcûs, [251]
• Hormuz, [72], [112]
• Hormuzân, [166], [250], [252], [254];
• murder of, [293]
• Honey-bee, part of the Lord’s host, [257]
• Horr, [436] et seq.
• Hosein, [65], [394], [414], [434];
• march to Kûfa, [435] et seq.;
• death, [440]
• Hotem, [48], [49]
• Houries, [105]

• Ibn Aámir, Governor of Bussorah, [305], [317], [326];
• sends help for Othmân, [334], [347]
• Ibn Abbâs, [282], [345], [350], [355];
• Governor of Bussorah, [368], [393], [394], [396], [409]
• Ibn Abu Sarh, [248], [290], [298], [299], [324], [326], [329]
• Ibn Backîla, [82]
• Ibn Honeif, [347], [356] et seq.
• Ibn Ishâc, [21]
• Ibn Khaldûn, [vi]
• Ibn Masûd, [270], [304], [307];
• death of, [311]
• Ibn Muljam, the assassin, [412];
• body burned, [414]
• Ibn Sauda (Ibn Saba), [316], [362]
• Ibn Zobeir, [353], [367], [391], [430], [435], [434], [443];
• death, [446]
• Iddat, interval before cohabitation, [75]
• Ikrima, [18], [39], [51], [52], [55], [57], [58], [93], [97], [108];
• death, [111]
• Imâmate in Aly’s family, [417], [451]
• Imprecation of Caliphs, [394], [421]
• Imrulcays, Beni, [30]
• Indian Ocean, [296]
• Irâc Araby, [70];
• field measurement, [230], [249], [308], [348]
• Isfandiar, [258]
• Islam for Arabia, [17], [224]
• Ispahan, [259]
• Istakhr (Persepolis), [249], [256]
• Iwân, [180]
• Iyâdh, [68], [84], [87], [89], [217]
• Iyâdh, Beni, [190], [217]
• Iyâs ibn Cabîsa, [78], [80]

• Jabala, [87], [88], [202]
• Jabân, [127], [132]
• Jâbia, [94], [97], [205], [207], [208], [235]
• Jacob’s Pillow, [209]
• Jadîla, Beni, [24], [139]
• Jalenûs, [174], [175]
• Jalôla, battle of, [187]
• Jarîr, [133], [139], [376]
• Jârjea, [97], [107], [109]
• Jarûd, [47], [49]
• Jaulân, [94], [141]
• Jazia, tribute, [218]
• Jehâd, Sura, [167]
• Jerâsh, [153]
• Jerusalem, [202], [206];
• capitulation, [207]
• Jews, [153], [211];
• expelled from Kheibar, [224], [452]
• Jeyfar, [51]
• Jezîra, [69]
• Jobeir, [269]
• Jobeir ibn Motím, [340]
• Jôf, [68]
• John, son of Zacharias, his tomb, [206]
• Jondob, [304], [318]
• Joppa, [206]
• Jordan (Ordonna), [153], [205]
• Jorf, [8], [96]
• Jûdi, [87], [88]
• Jundai-Sabûr, [252]

• Káb, the Rabbin, [236], [279], [310]
• Kâbul, [296]
• Kahânat (soothsaying), [26]
• Karoon, river, [251], [252]
• Kaskar, [127]
• Kelb, Beni, [87], [415]
• Kerâmat, [80]
• Kerbala, [437];
• tragedy of, [438]
• Kermân, [259], [260], [297]
• Khabûr, [191]
• Khâcân, [259]
• Khaffân, [128]
• Khâlid ibn Saîd, [17], [53];
• his defeat, [92];
• death, [94]
• Khâlid ibn Welîd, [18];
• his character, [21];
• discomfits Toleiha, [22] et seq., [27];
• attacks Mâlik ibn Noweira, [32];
• marries his widow, [34];
• and Mojâa’s daughter, [46];
• the ‘Sword of the Lord,’ [68];
• in Irâc, [72] et seq.;
• kills Hormuz, [73];
• speech, [75], [82];
• cruelty, [76], [86], [79];
• frets at inaction, [84], [88];
• pilgrimage incognito, [91];
• transferred to Syria, [100];
• march across desert, [101];
• commands on the Yermûk, [106] et seq.;
• deposed, [111], [143];
• storms Damascus, [146], [199] et seq.;
• received back into favour, [204], [207], [216] et seq.;
• arraigned for malversation, [219];
• death, [221], [276], [284]
• Khanâfis, [138]
• Khandac, Trench of Sapor, [71], [160], [165]
• Khansa, Al, [28]
• Kharanba, [347], [402]
• Khârejites, [388] et seq.;
• hostile attitude towards Aly, [395];
• defeated at Nehrwân, [399];
• origin of name, [400];
• émeutes, [405], [443], [444], [454]
• Khaulân, [54]
• Khawarnac palace, [79], [82], [161]
• Khazraj, Beni, [4], [5], [61]
• Kheibar, [22], [64], [224]
• Khirrît, the Khârejite rebel, [405]
• Khorasan, [259]
• Khuzistân, [249], [250]
• Kibla, [209]
• Kinda, Beni, [56]
• Kindy, Al, [23], [75], [220], [416], [452]
• Kinnisrîn (Chalcis), [199], [200], [204]
• Kirckesia, [190], [199]
• Kremer, Herr von, [vii]
• Kubbet al Sakhra, [209]
• Kûfa, [70];
• founded, [193], [195] et seq., [216];
• threatened by Yezdegird, [256], [270], [297];
• change of governors, [303];
• émeute, [317], [329], [348];
• assists Aly, [359], [364];
• seat of Aly’s government, [369];
• indifferent to Aly, [398], [403]
• Kûtha, [179]

• Lackît, [51]
• Lady’s Castle, the, [73]
• Lakhmite dynasty, [69], [78]
• Laodicea, [199]
• Leila, [34], [36], [41];
• Abu Bekr’s son enamoured of her, [272]
• Lesser Pilgrimage, [329]
• Levant, [298]
• Lydda, [206]

• Maâb, [97], [153]
• Maára, [199]
• Madzâr, Battle of, [74]
• Mahomet, death of, [1];
• burial, [5], [20], [27], [36], [38];
• woman betrothed to him, [59], [76], [223], [224], [286];
• his ring, [314], [354];
• pulpit, [425]
• Mâhra, [18], [51], [52]
• Mâlik, Beni, [30]
• Mâlik ibn Noweira, [30] et seq., [221], [222]
• Mamûn, Al, [450], [452]
• Marásh (Germanica), [201]
• Marj al Soffar, [94]
• Marj Arjûn, [206]
• Mary, Coptic maid, [276]
• Masbazân, [190]
• Mascala, [406]
• Masjid al Acksa, at Jerusalem, [209]
• Maskat, [51]
• Masûd, brother of Mothanna, [137]
• Masûdy, [309]
• Mecca, [52], [263], [351]
• Medâin, [67], [70], [84], [162], [179];
• western suburb taken, [181];
• capture of city, [183];
• spoil, [184];
• jewelled carpet, [185], [193]
• Medîna threatened, [10]
• Mehrân, [135]
• Melchite and Maronite patriarchs, [248]
• Membaj, [377]
• Memphis, [241]
• Menbij (Hierapolis), [201]
• Merve, [259], [450]
• Merwân, [300], [322], [324], [332], [338], [339], [354], [372], [429];
• Caliph, [446]
• Mesopotamia, [69];
• Upper, [217]
• Micdâd, [288], [290]
• Minas, [200]
• Ministers of religion, [270]
• Miracle of lake, [48];
• of the sea, [49];
• of Darâbgird, [260]
• Misr, [241]
• Moâdz ibn Jabal, [56], [132];
• dies in plague, [235]
• Moánna, [74]
• Mocarran, sons of, [14]
• Modeya, [90]
• Moghîra ibn Shoba, Governor of Bussorah, [192];
• deposed, [264];
• appointed to Kûfa, [269], [278], [284], [288], [345], [423], [425], [429]
• Moghîra, the Thackîfite, [338], [340]
• Mohâjir, [18], [52], [56], [57], [58]
• Mohakkem, [42], [44]
• Mohammed, doctor of Bussorah, [86]
• Mohammed, Hanify, son of Aly, [350], [381]
• Mohammed ibn Coteira, [333]
• Mohammed ibn Maslama, [194], [248], [325], [333]
• Mohammed, son of Abu Bekr, [302], [313], [330], [338], [339], [360];
• Governor of Egypt, [372], [392], [394], [402];
• killed, [403]
• Mohammed, son of Abu Hodzeifa, [302], [313], [330], [370]
• Mohammed, son of Talha, [391]
• ‘Moharram,’ the, [442]
• Mojâa, [40] et seq., [44];
• Khâlid marries his daughter, [46]
• Mondzir, chief of Bahrein, [47]
• Moseilama, [18], [23];
• marries Sajâh, [31], [38];
• killed, [43];
• sayings, [45]
• Mosque of Omar, [209]
• Motammim, [34] et seq.
• Motázelites, [451] et seq.
• Mothanna, [50], [67], [74], [84], [101], [112] et seq.;
• retrieves defeat at Bridge, [131];
• gains battle of Boweib, [135];
• his horse, ‘the Rebel,’ [136];
• suspended, [139];
• character, [135], [139], [155];
• death, [159];
• his widow Selma, [159], [170]
• Mothers of the Faithful, Mahomet’s widows, [59], [225], [278]
• ‘Mount of the Eagle,’ [103]
• Muâvia, [218];
• appointed Governor of Syria, [237];
• his mother Hind, [277], [294];
• attacked by Romans, [297], [310], [319], [326];
• sends help to Othmân, [334], [345];
• letter to Aly, [349];
• machinations against Cays, [372];
• joined by Amru, [373];
• marches to meet Aly, [378];
• at battle of Siffîn, [379] et seq.;
• arbitration, [386];
• saluted Caliph, [394];
• gains Egypt, [403];
• raid against Irâc, [407];
• visits Mosul, [408];
• truce with Aly, [410];
• escapes assassination, [412];
• sole Caliph, [419];
• declares Yezîd heir apparent, [429];
• death, [433]
• Mucoucus, [241] et seq.
• Muedzzin, [175], [238]
• Muhâjerîn, or Refugees, [5]
• Mukhtâr, [445]
• Mundzir, Gharûr, [49]
• Mundzir, Prince of Hîra, [82]
• Murad, Beni, [55]
• Mûsa, conqueror of Spain, [86]
• Muslim, killed, [435]
• Mûta, [8], [22], [82]

• Nablûs, [206]
• Nahr Shîr, [84], [179]
• Nâila, Othmân’s wife, [315], [339];
• her fingers hung up at Damascus, [342], [348]
• Najaf, [79];
• Sea of, [135], [161], [414]
• Najrân, [53], [55];
• Christians of, [223]
• Namârick, [128]
• Namr, Beni, [31], [134], [137], [190]
• Narsa, [127]
• Naval enterprise, [264], [300]
• Nefûd, desert, [101]
• Negus of Abyssinia, [223]
• Nehâvend, [266];
• battle of, [257], [278]
• Nestorians, [49]
• Night of Clangour (Câdesîya), [168], [173]
• Nile, [241], [242], [245];
• Omar’s letter to, [246]
• Nisibîn, [216], [217]
• Nóeim ibn Mocarrin, [258]
• Nojeir, [57], [64]
• Nokheila, [401]
• Nómân ibn Mocarrin, [14], [251], [252], [256];
• his death, [257];
• Nómân, Prince of Hîra, [79]
• Noseir, [86]
• Nubians, [242]

• Obeidallah, son of Abbâs, his little children put to death, [408]
• Obeidallah, son of Omar, [381]
• Obeidallah, son of Ziâd, [435] et seq., [444]
• Obna, [10]
• Obolla, [76], [191], [192]
• Odzeib, [160], [171]
• Ohod, [22], [44]
• Okeidar, [87], [88]
• Okkâsha, [25]
• Omân, [21], [47], [50]
• Omar, described, [2], [275], [283], [4], [6], [9], [18], [28] note;
• angry with Khâlid, [34], [46], [90];
• mourns for his brother Zeid, [45], [50];
• frees all Arab slaves, [64];
• judge, [65];
• deposes Khâlid, [111], [114];
• accession to Caliphate, [125], [132];
• orders new levies, [133], [156];
• receives tidings of victory at Câdesîya, [177];
• weeps at seeing spoil, [189];
• forbids advance on Persia, [189], [203], [249];
• visits Jerusalem, [207] et seq.;
• journeys to Jâbia, [216];
• arraigns Khâlid, [219];
• his Dewân, [225];
• compiles Corân, [231];
• administration of famine, [232];
• in the plague, [234];
• progress through Syria, [236];
• entertained by a bishop, [236];
• performs pilgrimage, [238];
• conquers Egypt, [239] et seq.;
• letter to the Nile, [246];
• releases Hormuzân, [253];
• pressed to allow advance on Persia, [255];
• sends army against Persia, [256];
• miraculous interposition of, to save Saria, [261];
• enlarges square at Mecca, [263];
• dread of naval enterprise, [264];
• acquits Abu Mûsa, [267];
• establishes era of Hegira, [271];
• simplicity, [273];
• marries Omm Kolthûm, [276];
• last pilgrimage, [278];
• assassination, [280];
• appoints Electors, [280];
• death, [283];
• burial, [285], [286], [306], [456]
• Omeyyad, Beni, [294], [316];
• dynasty, [443], [446];
• in Spain, [449]
• Omm al Banîn, [315]
• Omm al Fâdhl, widow of Abbâs, [355]
• Omm Ayman, [65]
• Omm Farwa, [58], [120]
• Omm Habîba, [336]
• Omm Keis, [152]
• Omm Kirfa, [27]
• Omm Kolthûm, [203];
• Omar’s wife, [276], [413], [415]
• Omm Salma, [55]
• Omm Siml, [27]
• Omm Walad, [265], [272]
• Omra, or Lesser Pilgrimage, [329]
• Ordinances of Omar, [212], [452]
• Ordonna (Jordan), [153], [205]
• Orontes, [199], [203]
• Orthodoxy, intolerant, [455]
• Orwa, [318]
• Osâma, expedition, [8] et seq., [16], [325]
• Otba, [191], [249], [251], [264]
• Othmân, [275];
• appointed Elector, [280];
• elected Caliph, [291], [294];
• appoints Abu Sarh over Egypt, [298];
• outlook darkens, [302];
• recension of Corân, [307];
• palace, [309];
• puts down unlawful amusements, [311];
• enlarges square of Káaba, [312];
• embellishes Mosque at Medîna, [312];
• alters rites of pilgrimage, [313];
• loses Prophet’s ring, [314];
• sinks wells, [314];
• marries Nâila, [315];
• gives in to Kûfa, [320];
• Aly expostulates with him, [321];
• appeals to the people, [322];
• last pilgrimage, [323];
• contumeliously treated, [324];
• complaints invited, [325];
• conference with governors, [326];
• attacked by regicides, [329] et seq.;
• addresses them, [335];
• blockade, [337];
• slain, [339];
• character, [341];
• bloody shirt hung up at Damascus, [348], [374], [376]
• Othmân ibn al Aás, [52]
• Othmân ibn Honeif (see [Ibn Honeif])
• Oxus, [259], [296]
• Oyeina, [23], [25], [27], [28], [315]

• Palestine, [200], [205], [211]
• Paradise, [105]
• Patriarch, Jerusalem, [208];
• Maronite, [248]
• Pella, [150]
• Persepolis, [249], [255]
• Persian Gulf, [191]
• Persians, [72] et seq., [76], [90]
• Persia, war in, [296];
• Shîyite, [455]
• Phacûsa (Tel Fâkhus), [245]
• Pilgrimage, [65];
• Khâlid’s incognito, [91];
• rules altered by Othmân, [313], [323]
• ‘Pilgrimage to Nejd,’ [101]
• Plague, [234]
• Polygamy, [457]
• Predestination, [211], [235]
• Promised Land, [95]

• Rabadza, [13], [16]
• Rabia, [21]
• Rajjâl, [39], [41]
• Rama (Arimathea), [206]
• Ramh, [206]
• Râm Hormuz, [249], [251]
• Ramleh, [206], [211]
• Readers of Corân, [45], [231], [381]
• ‘Refugees,’ [5], [32], [126], [227]
• Regicides attack Medîna, [329];
• return with document bearing Othmân’s seal, [331]
• Register (Dewân) of Arab race, [229]
• Rei, captured, [258]
• Retribution, law of, [202]
• Ricca, [216], [377]
• Ring of Mahomet, [314]
• ‘River of Blood,’ [76]
• Roha, [199], [216], [217]
• Roman army, [90], [92], [104], [190];
• and fleet, [215]
• Roman empire, [66]
• Rustem, [126], [155], [163];
• forebodings of, [165];
• killed, [174]