| is represented by | th. | |
| „ „ „ | j. | |
| „ „ „ | kh. | |
| „ „ „ | dz. | |
| „ „ „ | z.> | |
| „ „ „ | dh. | |
| „ „ „ | tz. | |
| by a sharp accent, as | á, ó. | |
| is represented by | gh. | |
| „ „ „ | c or ck. | |
| „ „ „ | k. |
In quoting from the ‘Life of Mahomet,’ I refer to the Second Edition in one volume, unless the First Edition in four volumes is specified.
I am indebted for the map which illustrates the campaigns, to Mr. Trelawney Saunders, whose close acquaintance with the geography of Syria and Chaldæa peculiarly qualifies him to identify many of the sites, routes, &c.
The reader must remember that the Mussulman year is a purely lunar one, being eleven days shorter than ours, so that passing through the solar cycle it gains a year in about every thirty-three years.
At the death of Mahomet, in the eleventh year of the Hegira, Moharram (the first month of the Arabian year) began on the 29th of March, so that the corresponding months of the European calendar fell at that period as in the following table:
| Arabian Months. | Corresponding Months | |
| Moharram, A.H. XI. | April, | A.D. 632. |
| Safar | May | „ |
| Rabî I. | June | „ |
| Rabî II. | July | „ |
| Jumâd I. | August | „ |
| Jumâd II. | September | „ |
| Rajab | October | „ |
| Shábân | November | „ |
| Ramadhân (Ramzân) | December | „ |
| Shawwâl | January, | A.D. 633. |
| Dzul Cáda | February | „ |
| Dzul Hijj | March | „ |
To keep the notation distinct, I have ordinarily marked the years of the Hegira by Roman numerals.
W. M.
November 1882.