[1977] Strabo is not the only one who mentions this: Virgil says,

“Spelunca alta fuit, vastoque immanis hiatu,

Scrupea, tuta lacu nigro, nemorumque tenebris;

Quam super haud ullæ poterant impune volantes

Tendere iter pennis; talis sese halitus atris

Faucibus effundens supera ad convexa ferebat;

Unde locum Graii dixerunt nomine Avernum.”

Æneid. vi. 237.

[1978] The Greeks applied the term Plutonian to places where disagreeable and pestilential exhalations arose.

[1979]