By Major Bulkeley-Johnson, November, 1901.

Place.Miles.Description.
Inter-mediate.Total.
Gedaref——Road leaves Gedaref from behind the oldbarracks, and takes a S.W. direction for 6 miles. Scatteredcultivation of every kind. A flat basin like that N. ofGedaref.
J. Wad Sennat4½4½Small hill 100 feet high and 500 yardslong, running N.W. and S.E., with small hella S. slope.
Abu Nagar1½6Tukl village. ½ mile right of road; oneof Abu Nagar group of five villages.
½6½Ditto on left of road.
½7Well 30 feet deep; water always, but only6 feet deep; watered 80 horses in 30 minutes.
½7½Hella ½ mile right of road. Road bends toS.W. by W.
1½9Cultivation ends. Road bad from smallbushes hidden in naal grass.
J. Matni1726J. Matni ½ mile long, 50 to 100 feethigh; stony and covered with habil trees. Woods round J. Matni(soffar and habil) to the E.
From J. Matni to Beila by direct road 2miles are saved. After J. Matni road branches to right, straight toBeila; left to Ghanem or Ganam (meaning water holes).
Ghanem329Small khor and 12 water holes about 8feet deep, and water 1 foot 6 inches (Nov. 15th); probably dry byend of month (1901), rain having been slightly under average.
231Joins main road nearly at rightangles.
15½46½Small hill ¼ mile off the road. Roadafterwards curls in between it and Beila to two small hellas on farside.
Beila[15]½47Two small villages and two splendid wellscut in solid rock; any amount of beautiful clear water all the yearround[15], 50 feet deep; revetted at top; very goodgrasses here. From Beila a road now goes to Mafaya on the Rahad,which is much shorter than going to Hawata.
El Fereikh552Thirty tukls; inhabited all the yearroad; now water from holes dry in March, 1902.
J. Arid557Four water holes 6 inches deep, nearlyempty on arrival; when opened up to 9 inches gave 3 feet muddywater. Nov. 17th watered 80 horses three times; dry in March,1902.
J. Gerein——Water nearly finished; 30 tukls inhabitedall year round.[16] Later on get water from Rahad, which ishere about 60 yards wide and water 4 feet deep in Nov. Bankssteep.
Hawata1875Very good camp. Fairly large villagehere.
Road follows the river, never more than 2miles from it, cutting off small bends. Single track; good throughlong grass; bad for guns as wheels or teams are going through thegrass. River approachable everywhere, and watering possible at alltimes of year.
Camps exceedingly good under shade ofsunt trees 30-40 feet high. Grasses in abundance and good, neghil,abu rokba and abu arid.
From Hawata track proceeds along rightbank and enters bush.
Wad Keriam2½77½Part of Hawata belonging to Abu Bakr;small hills; clearing and cultivation.
½78Ten tukls, ditto, ditto.
Bush and grass alternately; thick bush,inland kittr and talh.
886Grass plain. Bend of river meeting itagain at
Wad Kerein591Fifty tukls belonging to Abu Sin, as doesall the country up to hella Sherif El Hindi.
Wad Mayim or Wad Balula293Same as Wad Kerein.
8101Road crosses to left bank. Ford on Nov.13th, about 3 feet deep; Nov. 24th, 6 inches deep. There is no roadon E. bank, only thick bush. From here open grass plain, bushinland, ½ mile off river bends from road.
Between road and river a strip of country withbig red sunt trees 30-40 feet high and good grasses. The road nowstrikes khor—thickly wooded leading to lagoon running W. fromriver, which turns to S.W., road goes round it turning W. andafterwards S.
7108Head of lagoon.
Muttu½108½Road branches to right of hella—Hawata(Arabs) 1½ miles off—300 yards from river in open bush.
1½110Road to Muttu and meshra, 1 mile of thickbush, kitr and talh.
1111Khor (dry).
2113Big khor, nearly dry—very difficultduring rains and up to Nov. 1st, 1901. Soft mud Nov. 27th.
2½115½Small road to right, leading to big khorthickly wooded, water 4 feet deep or lagoon.
1½117Khor (dry).
2½119½Ditto leading to meshra.
Road alternately bush and grass.
6½126Road branches to meshra.
6132Approaches meshra, 200 yards.
11143Deserted village, 100 yards left ofroad.
Road very good, broad and hard.
3146Cross road from Rahad to Dinder.
10156Ditto to Blue Nile.
1157Road from meshra to hella, inland 2miles.
4161Opposite to Ein El Lueiga.
3164Road branches to right towards river—leftto Sherif El Hindi.
Aruth Rutha2166Road to Hella Aruth.
Hafeira2½168Hella; Arab encampment; flocks andherds.
Wad Rekeih1½170Hella, 100 yards right of road.
Sherif2172Hella of Sherif Yusef El Hindi.
4½176½Ford and road to Sherif Yakub. Roadcrosses river.
Abu Haraz24½201(Afterwards see map).
[Rahad ceased to flow Nov. 30th, 1901;only a slight trickle on 29th.]

23.—SOFI viâ ABU GULUD to SERAF SAID.

By Major G. de H. Smith, February, 1900.

Place.Miles.Description.
Inter-mediate.Total.
Sofi——Road goes down into khor and then windingthrough bushes and water courses follows crest of ridge betweenAtbara and Khor Gurri, then turns E. towards Kreder.
Kreder66A village of about 100 huts on spur aboveriver, and not as shown on old maps.
Sherif Ibrahim915There is no road now; I went acrosscountry, crossing ravines bordering Atbara, camels followed edge ofplateau about 5 hours’ march from Sofi. No village, only tombs offormer inhabitants. Path leads from village to Meshra onAtbara.
Dabuli1227Left Sherif Ibrahim in a S.W. direction,and after 1 hour struck old path from Sofi; followed this, andafter 2 hours came on cultivation. A big khor runs in N.E.direction towards Atbara. There are old wells here and site ofvillage. New wells are being opened.
Goreisha1542Road now crosses khor above mentionedtwice, and after 2 hours J. Tomborgu is passed on the right. Fromhere road crosses three big khors, and in the next Khor J. Omrad,then cultivation of Goreisha is reached on left of road. Right side, thickbush. Another hour and Goreisha is reached; two villages with goodwells and cultivation in khor.
Abu Gulud446Road now crosses and recrosses this khor,which runs from Abu Gulud; after half an hour village of Salama ispassed on khor on right, and after half hour arrive at Abu Gulud.Two villages; wells and cultivation. From here a track goes toDoka.
Zemalat2066Road leaves here in S.W. direction; about1 mile Agala, a large village, is passed; about 4 miles on a rockyridge; ditto about 8 miles; about 10 miles village Lubaina. Fewhuts here. People only here for cultivation; water from Zemalatvillage on crest or ridge. Water from holes in khor below village,about 1 mile away. From here a good view of hills near Doka and J.Nahut, J. Gadabi, and Ras El Fil obtainable.
Seraf Said1076Road now descends from ridge, cotton soiland bad going; about 6 miles out J. Meriod is passed on right oftrack—village round other side of hill. Direct track leads off toright to village; bad going cotton soil. Rocky water hole in MeriodKhor not used now; about 10th mile cross Seraf Khor.
Two wells with water-tracks lead fromhere to Gallabat and Duraba, and the road from Doka joinshere.

24.—FAMAKA to ABU RAMLA.

By Major C. W. Gwynn.

Place.Miles.Description.
Inter-mediate.Total.
Abrunga——The direct route is up the khor throughthe Samina group. Very little water among these hills and none onthe road.
Belitamaru1414About 1 mile north of the village andBelitamaru there are hills giving a little bed water in the KhorGodaff.
Matongwe1125Matongwe is a small Gumz village amongthe rocks on the side and top of J. Matongwe. Good well at the footof the mountain. The mountain is a very striking needle of rockjutting straight out of the plain.
J. Abu Ramla1237No more water isfound till J. Abu Ramla is reached, and even there it can only beobtained in any quantity from the Khor Ramla at north-east end ofmountain. There are holes in the rock on the hill side, however,which supply the villages with drinking water.
Mek’s Village340
Another route can be taken fromFamaka along the Nile to Hoburra, and thence to Belitamaru throughAbrunga, but the first portion of the road along the river is verybad.

25.—KARKOJ to HAWATA.

By Mr. E. Bonham Carter, March, 1902.